What are the characteristics of osmanthus trees?

Osmanthus fragrans is native to southwest China. Wild osmanthus fragrans grows in southwest China, Sichuan, southern Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Henan and other places, and is now widely planted in Huaihe River Basin and its south area. Its suitable area is north to the lower reaches of the Yellow River and south to Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan.

The growth area has good hydrothermal conditions and suitable precipitation. The soil is mostly yellow brown soil or yellow cinnamon soil, and the vegetation is mainly subtropical broad-leaved forest. Under the influence of the above conditions, Osmanthus fragrans grows well, and has formed national famous commodity production bases of Osmanthus fragrans such as Lu 'an in Anhui, Xianning in Hubei, Taoyuan in Hunan, Suzhou in Jiangsu, Guilin in Guangxi, Wuhan in Hubei, Hangzhou in Zhejiang and Chengdu in Sichuan.

Osmanthus fragrans is the common name of many trees in Oleaceae, representing Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb. )Lour。 ), also known as osmanthus fragrans, is an evergreen shrub or small tree of Oleaceae, with hard skin, long oval leaves, pointed ends, opposite and no withering in winter. In the leaves and intestines of peanuts, the corolla is divided into four parts, and its shape is small. There are many varieties of horticulture, among which Jingui, Yin Gui, Dangui and laurel are the most representative.

Osmanthus fragrans is one of the top ten traditional famous flowers in China, and it is an excellent garden tree species that integrates greening, beautification and fragrance, and has both ornamental and practical functions. Osmanthus fragrans is necessary. Especially in the Mid-Autumn Festival when laurel trees are in full bloom and the night is quiet and full moon, it is refreshing to taste the wine and smell the fragrance of Chen. In China's ancient poems about flowers, the number of Gui is also considerable. It has been deeply loved by Chinese people since ancient times and is regarded as a traditional famous flower.

Osmanthus tea made from osmanthus fragrans is a specialty tea in China. Soft aroma, delicious taste, deeply loved by the public. Osmanthus fragrans is widely used in garden construction.

Osmanthus fragrans adapts to subtropical climate. Sexual preference is warm and humid. The average temperature in the planting area is 14-28℃, the average temperature in July is 24-28℃, the average temperature in June is above 0℃, the minimum temperature is-13℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 15-28℃. Humidity is very important for the growth and development of osmanthus fragrans. The annual average humidity is 75%-85%, and the annual precipitation is about 1 1,000 mm. Especially when young trees and adults bloom, they need more water. If there is drought, it will affect flowering, and strong sunshine and shade are not good for their growth. Generally they need 6-8 hours of light every day. ?

Osmanthus fragrans likes warmth, strong resistance, high temperature resistance and cold resistance. Therefore, it can overwinter in the open air in the areas south of Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River in China. Osmanthus fragrans likes sunshine, but also can resist shade. In full light, it has lush foliage and dense flowers. In the shade, its branches and leaves are sparse and flowers are scarce. If potted indoors in the north, it is especially necessary to pay attention to sufficient light to facilitate growth and flower bud formation. Osmanthus fragrans is relatively humid, and it is forbidden to accumulate water, but it also has certain drought resistance. Osmanthus fragrans is not strict with the soil. Except alkaline soil and low-lying land or soil that is too sticky and poorly drained, it can generally grow, but slightly acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage is the most suitable. Osmanthus fragrans is resistant to chlorine, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and other harmful gases, and has strong dust adsorption ability, so it is often used in cities and industrial and mining areas.

Osmanthus fragrans is suitable for planting in ventilated and light-transmitting places; I like a clean and ventilated environment, and I can't bear the harm of smoke and dust. I often can't blossom after being victimized. Afraid of waterlogging, if waterlogging damages, the root system will be black and rotten, the leaves will be scorched at the tip first, and then the whole leaves will wither and fall off, leading to the death of the whole plant; Not very cold-tolerant, but compared with other evergreen broad-leaved tree species, it is still a relatively cold-tolerant tree species.

After long-term planting, natural hybridization and artificial breeding, osmanthus fragrans has produced many cultivated varieties. Through further investigation and arrangement, 32 osmanthus fragrans varieties were preliminarily identified. As far as color is concerned, there are Jingui, Yin Gui and Dangui. From the leaf type, there are willow leaf laurel, golden leaf laurel, dripping yellow, sunflower leaf and firewood handle yellow; As far as the flowering period is concerned, eight laurels, four seasons of laurel and beautiful months are concerned.

Osmanthus fragrans has formed many cultivated varieties through long-term artificial cultivation, natural hybridization and artificial selection. In this paper, the resources and varieties of osmanthus fragrans in major cities in China were extensively investigated, and the flowering characteristics of osmanthus fragrans were recorded on the spot. The characters of different types of osmanthus fragrans were analyzed and compared, and relatively stable genetic characters were selected. Four sweet-scented osmanthus varieties were identified and sorted out through traditional classification methods and their application in garden production.

Four main strains

Sijigui

Osmanthus fragrans variety group: this variety is shrub-like, with low tree shape, short and dense branches and spherical crown. The new leaves are deep red, and the old leaves are green or yellow-green; The leaves are elliptic, broadly ovate, whole or sparsely serrated, and the undulation of the leaf margin is not obvious; The leaves are thin, the mesophyll on the leaves is slightly convex, and the reticular veins are obvious. The average length of petiole is about 65438 0 cm. The important feature is that the intersection angle between the main vein and the lateral vein of the leaf is very large, which is close to the vertical state. The buds of' Sijigui' are often solitary or 2-3 flowers overlap, and bloom in batches from September to March every year. The color is lighter, from milky yellow to lemon yellow, and the floral fragrance is not as strong as that of Yin Gui, Jingui and Dangui. There are four varieties of Cinnamomum cassia with big leaves and Cinnamomum cassia with small leaves. Flowering in all seasons, there are varieties such as "Gui Yue", "Nissin Osmanthus fragrans", "Big-leaf Buddha Dingzhu" and "Four-season Osmanthus fragrans".

orange osmanthus

Dangui variety group: an evergreen shrub, dioecious and with a spherical crown. The bark is light gray, smooth and has sparse lenticels. Leaves leathery, oblong or oval, 6- 12 cm long and 2 cm wide. 5-5 cm wide; The leaf surface is flat, the leaf margin is rolled back, whole, the apex is sparse occasionally, and the base is wide wedge-shaped; Apex obtuse or mucronate; 8- 10 pair of lateral veins with obvious reticular veins on both sides; The petiole is 8- 10 mm long. The color is orange-red, and the corolla is slightly warped; The fragrance is very light. The flowering period is from late September to early October of 10. It blooms in autumn with deep color, orange yellow, orange red to vermilion, strong smell and thick leaves. There are varieties such as "Big Flower Dangui", "Tooth Dangui", "Cinnabar Dangui" and "Wide Leaf Red".

Jingui

Jingui variety group: small evergreen trees with spherical caps; The tree is very strong, and the branches are tall and straight, very close. Bark is gray, lenticels are round or oval, and spring shoots are stout, with an average length of15.9 cm; The leaves are dark green, leathery and shiny; The blade is oval, uneven, the edge of the blade is bent by microwave, and the back roll is obvious; Entire, even serrate at apex; Yellow in color, fragrant but not strong. Autumn in bloom, lemon yellow to golden yellow. The varieties are Dahua Jingui, Dayehuang, Huangchuan Jingui, Late Jingui, Round Leaf Jingui, Xianning Late Jingui, Qiugui, Bianyuan Jingui, Willow Sugui, Jinshigui, and Boye Jingui.

Yin Gui

Yin Gui species group: small evergreen trees with spherical crown, large branches and dense branches, which grow well. The bark is light gray, with many and large lenticels, which look like snowflakes and are very obvious. The average length of spring shoots is 15.5cm, and the new shoots are brownish red, which is very eye-catching. Leaves green or dark green, thick leathery and shiny; Long ellipse or ellipse; The leaves are wide and thick; The leaves are relatively flat; Leaf margin shallowly undulate, reflexed, entire, even with sparse teeth at the apex; In the first half of September, it blooms, the corolla spreads obliquely, the lobes are oval, the color is milky yellow to lemon yellow, and the aroma is rich; It does not bear fruit after flowering. Flowering in autumn, the color is pure white, milky white, yellow white or light yellow. The varieties are broad-leaved seed Yin Gui, willow Yin Gui, hard leaf Yin Gui, seed Yin Gui, Jiulong Yin Gui, early Yin Gui, late Yin Gui, Baijie Yin Gui and Qingshan Yingui.

A treasure cultivated.

The common cultivated varieties are Osmunda japonica. Cinnabar cinnamon. Osmunda japonica Zaoyingui, Hangzhou Huang, Sijigui, Fodingzhu and Osmunda japonica. And so on.

Bougainvillea: The leaves are oval, the edges are undulating, it can bloom 2-3 times in autumn, the flowers are dense, the fragrance is rich, the crown is golden, and the petals are oval.

Cinnabar osmanthus: the leaves are oval and have a strong Phnom Penh. Flowers bloom twice in autumn, with delicate fragrance, crimson corolla and round petals.

Osmanthus fragrans with hard leaves: the leaves are elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, the whole edge is 1/3 or 2/3 serrated, the flowers have wavy edges, and the corolla is orange-yellow.

Early Yin Gui: Oval leaves, straight entire margin, early flowering, 3-4 times a year, fragrant flowers, pale yellow corolla and round petals.

Late cinnamon: the leaf edge is curved by microwave, and the tip of the leaf is roughly serrated. The leaf surface is slightly concave, the tip is short, and the base is wide wedge-shaped. It can bloom twice a year, from late September of 10 to early October of 10, lasting for 6 days, with 6-7 flowers per inflorescence, with medium flowering period and medium aroma. Petals round, 4-lobed, almost totally lobed, corolla nearly white, spreading, stamens 2, ovary degenerated.

Small leaf Sugui: the leaves are oval, 7-9 cm long and 2-4 cm wide, thick leathery, and the leaf margin is microwave-shaped. It can bloom three times a year, from late September of 10 to mid-October of 10 for 5- 10 days. There are 5-9 flowers in each inflorescence, which are dense and fragrant. Pedicels are 8- 15mm long, and flowers are often drooping or scattered. Petals oval, corolla lemon yellow, 2 stamens, ovary degenerated.

Ziyun: the leaves are oval, the top of midvein is sunken, the leaf margin is bent by microwave, and it is entire. Flowers can bloom twice a year, with 5-8 flowers per inflorescence in early 10 and mid 10. During the flowering period, the flowers are fragrant, the petals are nearly round, the first corolla is blue-purple, the last is silvery white, and the flowering period is pale yellow, with 2 stamens and the ovary degenerates.

Drunk muscle red: the leaves are oval or oblong, and the whole or apex is occasionally serrate. The surface of the leaf is slightly concave and convex, and the length of the top of the leaf is tapered or tapered. It can bloom 1-2 times a year, with 5-9 flowers per inflorescence in the prophase and metaphase of 10, with dense flowers, light fragrance, orange corolla, oval petals, spreading, 2 stamens and degenerated ovary.

White knot: the leaves are oblong or oval, all around. The leaf surface is relatively flat, and the apex is blunt or short-tapered. /kloc-0 blooms from late September to early October, with 7-9 flowers per inflorescence. The flowers are milky white or yellowish white, and the flowers are very fragrant. Corolla obliquely spreading, petals obovate or obovate-elliptic.

Hangzhou Yellow: The leaves are oblong or ovoid, with serrations all over or higher than 1/2 and wavy edges. Flowers bloom 3-4 times in autumn, with dense flowers, rich fragrance, golden crown and inverted petals.

Willow laurel: a small tree or shrub with an oval and spherical crown and many branches. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oblong, entire. Leaf apex acuminate, sparse apex with some serrations. From the middle and late September of 10 to the early October of 10, there are 5-7 flowers per bud, and the flowers are sparse, silvery white to yellowish white, light yellow and fragrant.

Jade curtain and silver laurel: the leaves are long and oval, long and narrow, all around, the apex is long and tapering, and the new branches are purple and the new leaves are purple. It can bloom 2-3 times a year for 6-7 days each time, with dense flowers, rich fragrance, slender pedicels, reaching 12- 17mm, shaped like a jade curtain, with drooping petals, oval petals, flat corolla, yellow and white, 2 stamens, degenerated ovaries and no fruit.

Four seasons laurel: leaf type 2, large and wide in spring, oval and ovoid; Autumn leaves are small, oval, entire, occasionally toothed at the top, with slightly curved edges. There are bloom all the year round, and spring and autumn are the blooming seasons. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, light fragrance, yellow-white corolla, oval petals.

Fodingzhu: Shrub, Ye Bo oblique wave or oval, with obvious "V" shape on the leaf surface, dark green folded inward, thick teeth above the base of leaf margin or above 1/3, well-developed peduncle, yellow-white flowers with slight fragrance, and oval petals.

Osmanthus fragrans: Shrub or small tree, with obovate-lanceolate or obovate-elliptic leaves, with serrations all over or exceeding 1/3 or 2/3, and dark green. Inflorescence has a peduncle, and the flowers are nearly white or yellowish, with a slight fragrance. The flowering period is from September to April.