Application of geographical characteristics of Weihai

Weihai belongs to the continental climate of north temperate monsoon, with obvious seasonal changes and monsoon advance and retreat. Compared with inland areas at the same latitude, it has the characteristics of abundant rainfall, moderate annual temperature and mild climate. The continental degree of Weihai is 54. 1%. Being close to the Yellow Sea and regulated by the ocean, Weihai has the characteristics of maritime climate, such as cool in Leng Xia in spring, warm in autumn and warm in winter, small temperature difference between day and night, long frost-free period, strong wind and high humidity.

spring

From March to May, warm air began to be active, but cold air still had considerable power, causing high and low pressure systems to flow.

Frequent movements and alternation cause a changeable climate. From April to May, strong winds alternate from north to south, which is a windy month all year round. The temperature is low, rising slowly, 2-3℃ lower than that in the inland areas of the same latitude, and the season is delayed.

About half a month. Because warm and humid air cannot be transported in large quantities, the precipitation is still very small, accounting for only 14% of the total precipitation in the whole year. Because of the strong wind, less precipitation and large evaporation, spring drought often occurs.

summer

(June-August) Due to the adjustment of the ocean, the temperature is low. June-July is at the same latitude as the inland.

The temperature is 3-4℃ lower, and it is 65438 0℃ lower in August. The cool and pleasant climate makes Weihai a famous summer resort. The highest temperature is in August, and the extreme highest temperature in the whole year appears in July and August. Due to the strengthening of the Pacific high

In early summer and summer monsoon, it is usually 3-4 grades south to southeast wind, which is conducive to warm and humid air going north, so there is much precipitation and high humidity, and the precipitation accounts for 59% of the whole year. At the end of June and early July, it entered the flood season and ended in early September, with heavy rain.

Concentrated in July, August and early September, frequent rainstorms often lead to floods, but in some years, due to the control of the Pacific high, Shandong Peninsula is stable and inactive, resulting in high temperature, high humidity, sultry weather and short-term drought.

Due to the guidance of atmospheric circulation, typhoons in the Pacific Ocean move northward, often causing heavy rain and windy weather.

autumn

In early autumn (September-165438+1October), the cold air in the north began to be active, but the warm and humid airflow still had some influence, so there was still a lot of rain in early September, and sometimes it rained continuously, which might be hit by a typhoon. Total precipitation in autumn

The turnover accounted for 23% of the whole year, mostly concentrated in September. From late September to 10, the cold air in the north strengthened and the warm and humid air flow decreased obviously. The temperature is higher in the whole autumn, and it is slightly higher in September than in the inland areas of the same latitude. 10-

1 1 monthly height 1-2℃. On June 5438+ 10, the weather is clear and the visibility is the best, but autumn drought often occurs. From the middle of 165438+ 10, a powerful Mongolian high pressure began to establish and cold air began to move.

Jump, the temperature drops rapidly with a temperature difference of 3℃ every ten days, the number of northerly winds increases, and the winter wind becomes more and more obvious.

winter

(12-February) controlled by the strong Mongolian high pressure, cold air broke out southward continuously, and the climate was dry and cold, mostly northward. Weihai and Yantai are called snow nests.

It is said that 65438+ 10 is the coldest month in a year, and the extreme minimum temperature of the whole year generally appears in 65438+ 10 or early February. The temperature in the whole winter is 2℃ higher than that in the inland areas of the same latitude, and the temperature difference between day and night is small. Seasonal precipitation is the least in the whole year, accounting for the whole year.

5%。 From the end of June to May 438+February, due to the influence of the ocean, the local cloudy and snowy weather increased, the amount of rain and snow was more than three times that of inland areas at the same latitude, and the sunshine hours were less.

Geological landform

Weihai City is located at the eastern end of Jiaobei fault block uplift in Shandong Province, and its south side borders on the eastern edge of Jiaolai Depression.

The outcropped strata in China are late Archean Jiaodong Group, Mesozoic Upper Jurassic Laiyang Formation, Lower Cretaceous Qingshan Formation and Cenozoic Quaternary. The fold structure is Rushan-Weihai anticlinorium, and its axis is Taiyi in Rushan, Northeast China.

After the main peak of Kunyu Mountain, Wangtuan and Yang Ting, it was submerged in Tiancun, and its axis was northeast. The fault structures are nearly North-South Shuangdao fault, NNE Jinniushan fault and Laomuhe fault, and NE Mu Ping-Jimo fault.

Shanxi), NW-trending Wangdao fault, Haibu-Shendaokou fault and Lidao-Haixitou fault. Magmatic rocks mainly include Proterozoic Kunyushan rock mass and Wendeng rock mass, as well as Weideshan rock mass and rock in the late Yanshan period of Mesozoic.

Island rock mass, Laoshan Chashan rock mass and Longxudao rock mass.

Distribution map of urban ecological sensitive areas 1

Weihai is a hilly area with gentle topography and gentle valley width and slope. Except for Taifeng Peak, the main peak of Kunyu Mountain, which is 923 meters above sea level, all other mountainous hills are below 700 meters, most of which are 200 meters.

The wave mound is 300 meters to 300 meters, and the slope is below 25 degrees. The mountain is mainly composed of granodiorite, and the surface of the mountain base is mostly brown soil formed by weathering residual, with thin covering soil but good soil permeability. Hill valley

How open the land is and how flat the valley is; The plains are mostly coastal plains and piedmont inclined plains. Among them, low mountains account for 15.77% of the total land area, hills account for 52.38%, plains account for 27.56%, and islands account for 10%.

0.28%, and the tidal flat accounts for 4.0 1%. The river network is dense, the river is unobstructed and the surface drainage is good. The central part is relatively high, the mountains are east-west, and the water system flows into the sea from north to south. The north and southeast are surrounded by the sea on three sides and belong to the coastal type.

Harbor coast, the coastline twists and turns, the headlands crisscross, and there are many harbor islands.

soil types

There are seven soil types in Weihai, including brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil, saline soil, aeolian sand soil, cinnamon soil, paddy soil and mountain meadow soil. According to their respective development degree, additional soil-forming process and soil properties, it can be divided into brown soil, brown soil, moist brown soil, white pulp brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil, salinized fluvo-aquic soil, cinnamon soil, coastal saline soil, mobile aeolian sand, semi-fixed aeolian sand, fixed aeolian sand, latent paddy soil and mountain meadow soil, 13 subcategories and/kloc-0.

Brown soil is the most widely distributed and largest soil type in Weihai, covering the hilly area of Weihai, accounting for 83.5% of the total soil area. Tidal soil is the second largest soil in Weihai, accounting for 13.2% of the total soil area.

hydrology

The rivers in Weihai belong to the water system on the edge of the peninsula, which is the rain source river in the monsoon region. The riverbed is steep,

The source is short and the flow is urgent, and it is ups and downs. Runoff is greatly influenced by seasons, and it is often cut off in dry season. There are more than 1000 rivers in Weihai, among which Zimu River, Rushan River and Huang Lei River run through Wendeng and Ru Ru.

Within the mountain city, the total basin area is 2884 square kilometers, accounting for 53% of the city's total land area, of which Zimuhe basin is the largest, with a basin area of 1278 square kilometers. There are 94 rivers with a length of more than 5 kilometers, of which 44 are over 10 kilometers, and Huanglei River is the longest, with a total length of 69 kilometers. The average density of river network is 0.22km/km2. The average annual runoff coefficient for many years is about 0.36, and in 2005 it was 0.5 1.

coastline

The coastline of Weihai starts from Niubizui in the east (latitude 37 25 ′12 ″, longitude 37 25 ′).

122 17' 40 "), west to Shuangdao Port (37 25' 42" north latitude,12158' 21"east longitude), with a length of 95km. There are 20 large and small islands along the coast, with a coastline of 29.2 kilometers.

Inch coastline twists and turns, with staggered headlands and complex terrain, mostly natural ports. The slope of the headland is steep and deep, such as Zaobuzui to Zhaobeizui coast, and the 20-meter isobath is near the shore; Offshore well prefix and Yuanyaozui area

200 meters deep, more than 40 meters. The coastal type of Weihai City belongs to harbor coast. The coast of a seaport is composed of a headland made of hard rocks extending into the sea and an inward sunken bay, so it is also called "headland bay".

Coast "or" bedrock coast ". The outline of Weihai coast is mainly controlled by the original topography before the sea level rise in the late ice age. Mountains and hills burst into the sea, forming headlands and islands, while coastal lowlands, local plains and rivers enter the sea.

Mouth, forming a bay, the height difference of the original terrain, forming a headland staggered coastline. The coast is controlled by NE-SW and NW-SE tectonic lines, and is also moved along the fault by X-type faults and block faults.

Influence, leading to the northeast and northwest headlands and bays. Among them, the bigger bays in the northeast are Weihai Bay, Yangjia Bay, Heqing Bay and Liu Shu Bay. There is a headland east of Zaobu and north of Heqing. in the direction of northwest

The larger bays are Putao Beach, Mazi Port, Shidao Beach, Huangbu Port and Shuangdao Port. The headland has a tic-tac-toe and a yuan kiln mouth. This X-shaped structural pattern constitutes the basic outline of the coast of Weihai Port. On a coastal promontory

As well as some islands, there are relatively flat sea erosion terraces, and the terrain elevation is generally around 15-25m.