How to reform ultra-low emission particulate matter

First, we should avoid the generalization of ultra-low emissions.

It is not supported to put forward further "ultra-ultra-low" transformation requirements for enterprises that have fully met the ultra-low emission requirements. "You can't rush headlong into it. All industries require ultra-low emission transformation." Wu Xianfeng emphasized that the development level of the industry, the impact of environmental quality, the accessibility of technology and the cost of governance should be considered. And calculate the environmental benefits, economic benefits and social benefits. ?

The second point is to clarify the connotation of ultra-low emissions. ?

No matter which industry, ultra-low emissions should run through the whole production process, the whole process and all the time. Due to its own technological characteristics, the iron and steel industry has hundreds of organized and unorganized network points, and the transportation volume of raw materials and products is large. It does not mean that a place or a set of processes can achieve ultra-low emissions. Therefore, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has previously requested that the ultra-low emission of the steel industry should run through the whole process, whole process and whole time of the enterprise, which will form the enterprise concept and production habits. ?

No matter which industry, ultra-low emissions should run through the whole production process, the whole process and the whole time. At the same time, we should also consider the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction. The ultra-low emission of a workshop, a working procedure and an exhaust port is not really ultra-low emission. The connotation of "whole process, whole process and whole time", including organized emission, unorganized emission and clean transportation, should fully meet the unified ultra-low emission requirements. ?

No matter which industry, for organized emissions, it is required to reach the emission level of gas turbine, that is, the emissions of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides should be controlled within 10 mg/m3, 35 mg/m3 and 50 mg/m3 respectively.

For unorganized discharge, such as mines, raw material yards, production processes, etc., effective control measures such as sealing and sealing should be given priority; For the inevitable unorganized emission points, it is necessary to comprehensively improve the waste gas collection capacity, ensure that no visible smoke escapes, and realize "ultra-low" unorganized emission.

In the transportation link, the proportion of clean transportation of bulk materials and products entering and leaving the enterprise through railways, waterways, pipelines or tubular belt conveyors is not less than 80%; If it fails, the automobile transportation part should all use new energy vehicles or vehicles that meet the national six emission standards.

The above three links are indispensable and must be systematically evaluated and monitored. ?

Third, we must strictly control the quality of ultra-low emission transformation. ?

Keep in mind that "speed obeys quality" and "bean curd residue" environmental protection project is strictly prohibited. In the initial stage, the power industry has gone through many detours. There are many cases of environmental protection projects being reinvented. Therefore, steel, cement and other industries must learn these lessons when promoting ultra-low emission transformation, and insist that speed is subordinate to quality.

Specifically, it is necessary to choose mature, efficient and applicable environmental protection transformation technologies according to local conditions. Dust removal facilities adopt advanced technologies such as film-covered filter bag filter, filter cartridge filter and wet electrostatic precipitator. Measures such as capacity expansion and efficiency improvement should be taken to improve the operation stability and cancel the flue gas bypass. Flue gas denitrification adopts high-efficiency denitrification technologies such as low-nitrogen combustion, activated carbon (coke) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR).

For the cement industry, the process control measures such as low-nitrogen burner, increasing the reduction zone of calciner, and staged combustion of coal and air in calciner can be taken to reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides, and an efficient denitration device can be added at the end.

At the same time, it is necessary to strictly control ammonia escape, put an end to excessive ammonia spraying and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. Unorganized emission control gives priority to effective control measures such as sealing and sealing, and encourages the use of fully enclosed mechanized storage yards, silos and other materials storage methods.

In addition, the ultra-low emission transformation should pay attention to all aspects of upgrading, and the ultra-low emission transformation and treatment project should be regarded as an important part of the overall production equipment, with the same investment, operation and maintenance, rather than as "auxiliary facilities" or "testing equipment". Only in this way can we achieve long-term and stable ultra-low emissions.

Fourth, we should increase our support for ultra-low emissions. ?

Give ultra-low emission enterprises preferential environmental taxes, non-stop production and limited production, differentiated electricity prices and other policy dividends. Adhering to emission standards is a legal responsibility, and ultra-low emission is an encouragement orientation. How can enterprises change from "demanding" to "active" in ultra-low emission transformation? Wu Xianfeng listed preferential environmental taxes, non-stop production and limited production, differentiated electricity prices and other policy dividends, which are full of weight. ?

First of all, it is necessary to increase policy support for enterprises that have completed ultra-low emission transformation. Enterprises that fully realize ultra-low emission can enjoy environmental protection electricity price, environmental protection tax preference and environmental protection special equipment purchase tax preference.

Secondly, implement differentiated environmental management policies. Enterprises with organized emissions, unorganized emissions and clean transportation that fully meet the ultra-low emission requirements will not stop production or limit production during the emergency period of heavily polluted weather. ?

The General Office of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China issued the Work Plan for Ultra-low Emission Renovation of Iron and Steel Enterprises (Draft for Comment), and the Environmental Protection Office's Atmospheric Letter [2018] No.242:

The "Opinion Draft" proposes that all new (including relocation) steel projects should reach ultra-low emission levels. By the end of 2020 10, iron and steel enterprises with transformation conditions will basically complete ultra-low emission transformation in key areas of air pollution prevention and control such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, Yangtze River Delta and Wei Fen Plain. By the end of 2022, the Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing, central Liaoning, Wuhan and its surrounding areas, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan and Wuchang will be basically built; By the end of 2025, China's steel enterprises with transition conditions will strive to achieve ultra-low emissions.

The focus of pollution control in iron and steel enterprises is the sintering plant, and the pollution control of sintering flue gas is the most important. New index requirements are put forward in the Opinion Draft, especially for the control of flue gas pollution in the sintering machine head. When the reference oxygen content is 16%, the hourly average emission concentrations of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are not higher than 10, 35 and 50 mg/m3 respectively. During the evaluation period, only when the average hourly emission concentration of at least 95% meets the above requirements can iron and steel enterprises be regarded as reaching the ultra-low emission level.