? Introduction of high-yield cultivation techniques of crocus sativus.

Saffron, also known as crocus, saffron, Daphne, etc. , is a perennial herb of Iris. Crocus is native to Spain, the Netherlands and other Mediterranean countries. The introduction experiment in China began in 1965, and has been successfully introduced in 22 provinces and cities such as Shanghai, Zhejiang, Henan, Beijing and Xinjiang. Crocus sativus is a valuable gynecological medicine, which is also widely used in daily chemical, food, dye and other industries. It is a valuable raw material for beauty cosmetics and perfume products, and bulbs can be sold as high-grade flowers.

First, the growth characteristics of crocus sativus

Crocus sativus is a subtropical plant, which likes to be warm and cool, afraid of heat and cold. It is best to use fertile sand as soil to avoid water accumulation. The optimum temperature of crocus sativus is 2 ~ 65438 09℃, and it can safely overwinter at the temperature of-65438 08℃ in northern China. Under the high temperature of 25℃ in the south, proper shading can prolong the growth time of crocus sativus and benefit the weight gain of crocus sativus bulbs.

Second, the soil preparation technology of saffron

According to the requirements of saffron for environmental conditions, choose loose and fertile plots with warm winter and plenty of sunshine. Crocus prefers crop rotation to continuous cropping. Beans, corn, rice, etc. It is preferred in previous crops and can also be planted in the middle of orchards. Crocus sativus is a shallow-rooted crop with fibrous roots. The winter temperature in the north is low, and it is inconvenient to topdressing, so it is very important to apply sufficient base fertilizer. Combined with ploughing, apply 100 kg lime or 1.5 kg quintozene per mu for disinfection. Apply 5000 kg of decomposed ring fertilizer, 50 kg of calcium superphosphate, 30 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 200 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu. Leveling and harrowing, north-south trenching, width 1.3m, height 30cm, turtle back, spacing 30-40cm.

Third, the sowing of saffron

Crocus is planted in the open air in September. The north should be sooner rather than later. Early planting, early emergence, Mr. Roots, post-germination, healthy plant growth. If it is late, it will sprout first, regenerate roots, and the plant will grow poorly. 80% of indoor flowering bulbs were picked indoors in late June from 65438+1October to1mid-October165438+1October, and then immediately transplanted to the field, and the other 20% were picked in the field. Before planting, separate the big bulb from the small bulb. The big bulb is thinner and the small bulb is denser. Generally, the plant spacing is 20 × 20cm, the ditching depth is about 10cm, the bulb bud head is upward, and the soil is 2 ~ 2.5 times the bulb height, that is, 3 ~ 6cm. Bulb deep planting is also one of the methods to cultivate large bulbs. After planting, water is poured to keep the soil moist, and seedlings emerge in about one month. Four. Indoor management technology of saffron

Four. Indoor management technology of saffron

Crocus sativus bulbs do not need water, soil and fertilizer, and can bloom normally by relying on their own stored nutrients. Moreover, it is convenient to pick flowers, labor-saving and labor-saving, free from the influence of external climatic conditions, free from pests and diseases, free from pesticide pollution, the yield can be increased by about 30% compared with that in the open field, and it is convenient to remove lateral buds. In view of the above advantages, indoor flowering and field propagation of bulbs are widely used in China.

The shelf of saffron can be designed to be about 1 m long, 60 cm wide, 30 ~ 40 cm between layers and about 5 layers high, which is better and easier to operate. On wooden boards and bamboo poles, bulbs of about 1 0 kg can be placed in1m2. Generally, a room can hold about one acre of bulbs.

65438+ 10 The bulbs of crocus sativus are separated from each other from August to June, and those that do not bloom below 8 grams can be planted directly in the field. The big light bulb is placed on the prepared shelf, and the small light bulb can be placed directly on the floor of the house. Keep the indoor humidity above 80%. When the humidity is not enough, you can sprinkle water on the ground. It is forbidden to sprinkle water on bulbs to avoid taking root in advance. The indoor growth period of crocus sativus is about 60 days.

V field management of saffron

Crocus sativus grows in the field for about half a year from the middle of 165438+ 10 to the early May of the following year. During this period, the following work should be done:

1, scientific fertilization and scientific water supply. About 20 days after planting, pour 2000 kilograms of human and animal feces into water. In case of drought, add more water. In mid-February next year, saffron will turn green, and 3000 ~ 4000 kilograms of human and animal manure will be added to each mu. Since March, the growth of crocus sativus has entered a vigorous period, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time is sprayed every1day for 2-3 times.

2. It is necessary to control water reasonably. After planting, if the soil moisture is not enough, water the saffron. There is little rain and drought in the northern region, so it needs to be irrigated before winter and then in April next year to meet the growth needs.

3. Pay attention to antifreeze and protect seedlings. Although saffron is a cold-resistant crop, anti-freezing measures should be taken when it meets the cold weather of-10℃ ~ 20℃. Cover the frame with a layer of hay and then cover it with plastic film to build a wind wall.

4. Weed and loosen the soil in time.

5. Remove the lateral buds in time. When the seeds are planted, the redundant lateral buds have been removed. If another lateral bud grows after entering the field, insert the knife into the soil and remove the leaves one by one.

6. Do a good job in pest control. The whole growth period of saffron is basically low temperature, and there are few pests and diseases, so it is usually prevented when it is rejuvenated. If there is rot, water it with 5% 800 times solution. If there are aphids, spray 10% dimethoate emulsion 2000 times to kill them. At the same time, rats should be prevented from biting and eating bulbs, and rabbits should be prevented from eating saffron leaves in the field.