What meteorological factors affect aviation safety?

The natural factor is mainly the weather.

Weather is an important factor affecting flight safety.

Global aviation accidents are caused by many reasons, among which weather is an important factor affecting flight safety.

Among many weather phenomena, wind shear, low clouds and low visibility are the most important factors affecting aircraft flight.

Wind shear refers to the sudden and obvious change of wind direction and wind speed in a short distance. Low-level wind shear is a serious threat to the take-off and landing of aircraft. Strong wind shear will make the plane land prematurely or be forced to go around. Under certain conditions, it will also lead to aircraft stall and uncontrollable danger, and even lead to flight accidents.

Low clouds mainly affect the landing of aircraft. When the airport is covered with low clouds, it is often encountered that the height of the plane from the ground is very low after the clouds appear. If the plane's heading is not aligned with the runway at this time, it is often too late to correct it, which is easy to cause a go-around. Sometimes, due to improper command or operation, the aircraft may collide with obstacles on the ground, causing the aircraft to stall.

Low visibility has a considerable impact on the take-off and landing of aircraft. Rain, clouds, fog, sandstorm, floating dust, smoke and haze will reduce visibility and affect aviation safety. Poor visibility on the ground will easily lead to yaw and disorientation, which will affect the safe landing. Improper handling will also endanger flight safety. In particular, heavy fog has seriously hindered the take-off and landing of flights. When the visibility of the airport is less than 350 meters, the flight cannot take off, and when it is less than 500 meters, the flight cannot land. If the visibility is less than 50 meters, the plane can't even taxi, and improper handling can easily lead to flight accidents.

Thunderstorms that are more prone to occur in summer are called "air killers" in aviation. When there is a thunderstorm over the airport, short-term heavy precipitation, poor visibility, sudden change of wind direction and gust have great influence on flight activities and ground equipment. Heavy precipitation, turbulence (including updraft and downdraft), icing, thunder and lightning, hail and squall caused by thunderstorms have caused great difficulties in flight, which seriously caused the aircraft to lose control, damage and reduce horsepower, directly endangering flight safety.

The heavy snow in winter not only seriously reduces the visibility of the airport, but also affects the vision of pilots. Snow and ice will also seriously endanger the safety of aircraft during take-off and landing.