Was Roosevelt interested in Pearl Harbor?

No, actually, the United States has relevant information. Before the Japanese attack, the American naval intelligence department deciphered the Japanese telegram and learned that Japan was going to attack Pearl Harbor. However, important officials such as Roosevelt, Marshall, and Jim Carrey were very calm after learning about this incident. It seems that they already know that this matter is confidential and have not prepared the Pacific fleet. Therefore, there is a saying that the Pearl Harbor incident is an American bitter plan. It is also said that Britain also knew about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, but did not tell the United States, hoping to let the United States participate in the war through this incident.

1September 5, 995, Clinton, then president of the United States, received a letter from a woman named Helen Harman. In her letter, she exposed some inside information about the Pearl Harbor incident.

The letter said that shortly before the Pearl Harbor incident, President Roosevelt called an emergency secret meeting attended by only a few officers. At the meeting, the president revealed an amazing news: the top officials of the United States have foreseen that the Japanese navy will attack Pearl Harbor, which may cause a large number of casualties and property losses. He ordered the participants to get ready as soon as possible, and assembled a group of medical personnel and first aid supplies to a port on the west coast of the United States, ready for shipment at any time. President Roosevelt particularly emphasized that it is forbidden to disclose the contents of the meeting, including the military commander of Pearl Harbor and the officials of the Red Cross. Faced with the surprise and incomprehension of the officials attending the meeting, Roosevelt explained that only when the United States is attacked will the hesitant American people agree to his declaration of war.

There are several points worth noting in this letter:

First, Roosevelt knew in advance that Japan would attack Pearl Harbor.

Second, in order to avoid the loss of personnel and property caused by sneak attack, Roosevelt made arrangements;

Third, Roosevelt's deployment was limited to sending medical personnel and first aid supplies to Pearl Harbor.

Fourth, Roosevelt didn't want to make it public and let the participants keep it strictly confidential;

Fifth, Roosevelt believed that only when the United States was attacked would the American people agree to his declaration of war.

Shen Ying Walter reported at 23: 59 on April 30th, 2008. Do you think this answer is good? Good (0) bad (1) The direct consequence of the Pearl Harbor incident was that the United States won the war and Japan became a defeated country. It is reasonable to say that this matter has come to an end, but in the eyes of some Americans, especially isolationists, the Pearl Harbor incident is full of too many coincidences. Americans don't want to fight, but Roosevelt desperately wants to drag America into the war. At this moment, the Japanese fired the first shot, and it was a despicable sneak attack. As a result, isolationism was blown away overnight, Roosevelt got his wish, and so on. In more than half a century after the war, there were no fewer than dozens of monographs exploring the secrets of Pearl Harbor, only four official investigations, and the total file 1 meter ... So the talk about "Roosevelt's risk" spread like wildfire, and it is still an unclear topic until today. According to this view, Roosevelt had got the information that the Japanese army would attack Pearl Harbor in advance, but he deliberately concealed it, kept the defenders of Pearl Harbor in the dark, induced Japan to take the initiative, and enabled the United States to formally participate in the war. Conclusion-The Pearl Harbor incident was entirely planned by the Roosevelt administration.

After some textual research, the author thinks that the Pearl Harbor incident is not Roosevelt's "bitter plan", but the inevitable result of long-term intrigue, infighting and the comprehensive effect of various factors between Japan and the United States. Please look at the historical facts.

Playing with the "peace talks" scam, cleverly implementing strategic camouflage, strictly implementing confidentiality measures, and conducting similar actual combat drills many times, Japan made full preparations for the surprise attack.

Pearl Harbor is located in the south of Oahu Island in the Hawaiian Islands, 2090 nautical miles from the west coast of the United States in the east and 3200 nautical miles from Japan in the west. It is the main base of the US Navy in the Pacific Ocean and the main maritime traffic artery between the United States and the Far East and the Western Pacific Ocean. It is called "the heart of the Pacific Ocean". All kinds of facilities in the base are complete and well equipped.

The attack on Pearl Harbor is an important part of Japan's strategic plan for the Pacific War. Japan believes that due to the disparity between Japan and the United States in industrial capacity and war potential, the war against the United States can only be done quickly. Its strategic attempt is to destroy the large ships and planes of the US Pacific Fleet by surprise attack and seize the air and sea superiority in the early stage of the war.

To this end, Japan has taken a series of major measures:

Play with the "peace talks" scam. 1941February, the Japanese government appointed Admiral Yoshizaburo Nomura as the ambassador to the United States. Taking advantage of his friendship with Roosevelt, Nomura held as many as 54 talks with President Roosevelt and Secretary of State Hull. Japan also sent a "non-governmental" delegation to the United States for so-called "private negotiations" to paralyze the American government. Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe personally wrote a letter to Roosevelt in July 194 1, in which he vowed that "there is no problem between the two countries that can be solved through negotiation" and guaranteed that Japan "will never infringe upon the interests of Britain and the United States in Southeast Asia". Until February 8, 65438, when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Japanese negotiators also met with Secretary of State Hull and sent a note to the US government, declaring that Japan "would not refuse the opportunity of negotiation".

Clever implementation of strategic camouflage. In order to cover up its strategic attempt in the Pacific region, Japan organized a landing exercise unrelated to the attack on Pearl Harbor in the main harbor of Japan's inland sea, and invited military attaché s from various countries to visit it. In addition, the Japanese also wantonly created the illusion of soviet strike. 194 1 In July, the Japanese army held a large-scale exercise codenamed "Special Exercise of the Kwantung Army" in the northeast of China, and in the autumn of the same year, it sent more troops to the northeast, with the total number soaring from 400,000 to 700,000. When the Japanese assault formation secretly sailed to Pearl Harbor, the Japanese organized students and interns from the naval school to March in the city in sailor's clothes to report the war action.

Strictly implement confidentiality measures. The Japanese plan to attack Pearl Harbor was limited to Commander Isoroku Yamamoto and several senior officers. The training sites of the assault formation were selected in Saeki Bay and Kagoshima at the southern tip of Japan, and the assembly site was selected in Changguan Bay, a selective catching island in the northern part of the Kuril Islands. When the assault formations assembled at their respective training bases, they chose a route far from the merchant shipping channel and went in batches. All ships and carrier aircraft are sealed with lead seals, and strict radio silence is implemented. As soon as the assault formation enters the assembly area, it will cut off all contact with the island. During the 12 days to Pearl Harbor, internal and external radio communication stopped completely.

Conduct detailed reconnaissance and approximate actual combat drills. In order to accurately understand the enemy's situation, the Japanese army used various means to collect information on Pearl Harbor extensively. The Japanese Consulate in Hawaii actively participated in intelligence gathering. The Japanese army sent about 200 spies to move around, and in late August of 194 1, it secretly started actual combat drills mainly based on carrier-based aviation, in which bomber formations conducted at least 50 drills, and finally the hit rate was as high as 80% at a height of 3000m. In addition, the participating ships have also undergone rigorous training.

Mistakes in strategic judgment, blind underestimation of the enemy, neglect of defense and backwardness in military strategy all make the United States doomed.

Although Japan has taken various deception and camouflage measures, the strategic information of this move was grasped by the United States earlier. 194110/On October 7th, the commander of Japan's joint fleet, Yamamoto, sent a letter to the Secretary of the Navy, formally proposing the idea of attacking Pearl Harbor. The US Embassy in Japan quickly got this information from Peruvian diplomats and others. On June 27th, 65438 10, American Ambassador to Japan Gru telegraphed this important information to the State Council. Secretary of State Hull immediately conveyed his contents to the War Department and the Admiralty. Prior to this, on June 24, 65438, US Secretary of the Navy Knox pointed out in a letter to Secretary of the Army Stimson that "if there is a war, it may start with a sudden attack on the fleet and naval base of Pearl Harbor". In addition, from June 194 1 to the eve of the pearl harbor incident, the United States obtained a large number of abnormal trends in Japan through diplomatic and economic channels, especially the American radio technology reconnaissance system intercepted the secret message that the Japanese army was preparing to attack pearl harbor. The American intelligence department also intercepted and deciphered the 2 17 telegram between the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Japanese Embassy in the United States and a large number of "weather forecast" codewords issued by Japan's short-wave foreign Magic station. From the intercepted and deciphered cables and code words, the US military can say that it knows that the Japanese government is actively preparing for and eager to launch the Pacific War. Before the incident, American policymakers had realized that the war between the United States and Japan was coming.

Then, why is the United States suddenly attacked by Japan after obtaining so much strategic information? The strategic thinking rooted in the United States has influenced the correct judgment of strategic intelligence, mainly in the following aspects:

Blindly underestimate the enemy. Before the war, there was a general view in the American government that Japan was much weaker in manpower and material resources than the United States both economically and militarily (its economic strength was only110), so it dared not attack the United States.

Misjudge the threat of war in the secondary direction. Before the Pearl Harbor incident broke out, the United States believed that it was threatened by Germany and Japan in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, and Germany had the strongest military, economic and technical strength. Once Europe is conquered, it is likely to quickly mobilize the industrial potential of western Europe to deal with the United States, and Japan's strength in the Asia-Pacific region is not enough to endanger the security of the United States. Until the summer of 194 1, the strategic judgment of the United States was still: "Germany and Italy will go to war with the United States around August 194 1, and Japan will probably not participate in the war."

Misjudged the time and region of Japan's expansion of the war of aggression. The United States believes that in order to cooperate with Germany in the war, Japan will take the opportunity to attack the Soviet Union in the north or Southeast Asia in the south, and dare not rush eastward to fight directly with the United States. 1941165438+1On October 27th, Marshall, the chief of staff of the US Army, and Stark, the secretary of naval operations, correctly judged that Japan would go south, especially invading Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, but they still did not make a clear judgment on Japan's eastward advance.

Imperfection and disunity of intelligence agencies and unsmooth communication are another important reason for decision makers' strategic judgment mistakes. For example,194165438+February 6, the "magic" system has intercepted the ultimatum from Japan to the United States. At 9: 30 that night, after reading the translation of this information, President Roosevelt called the Naval Operations Minister Stark to discuss it, but when he learned that Stark was watching a play at the National Grand Theatre, he put the matter aside. Before the Pearl Harbor incident, American intelligence agencies were scattered and the transmission procedures were cumbersome. There is no joint intelligence agency or intelligence advisory Committee to identify, analyze, comprehensively and timely convey information, and there is no national security Council to take corresponding actions based on intelligence judgment. The United States admits: "The United States knows the situation before Pearl Harbor. But intellectually, this is a complete failure. This is the failure of the intelligence system from top to bottom, or there is no system at all. "

The United States was frustrated in the Pearl Harbor incident, and its military strategy lagged behind the development of the situation.

After World War I, the United States has been pursuing Mahan (an American naval officer and historian, who put forward the theory of the importance of maritime power to hegemony) as its military principle, taking controlling the passage of the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and establishing the most powerful navy in the world as its highest strategic goal. Based on this, the United States took Britain, the world's maritime hegemon at that time, as its main imaginary enemy in the 1920s, and adopted a "marginal war strategy" against Japan, giving in not to build a military base in the Western Pacific. Its strategic idea is to move the front position of the United States to Europe and the Pacific Ocean and limit the war to the marginal areas far away from the United States. Before World War II, Roosevelt tried to change this situation, but his idea failed to come true when isolationism prevailed. After the outbreak of World War II in Europe, the United States took Germany as its main imaginary enemy and correctly formulated the strategic policy of "Europe before Asia". However, due to the misjudgment of Japan's strategic attempt, Japan continued to pursue the "marginal war strategy" and did not strengthen its military strength in the Pacific region, thus gradually surpassing the United States in its military strength in the Pacific region. Before the Pearl Harbor incident, the ratio of Japanese to American aircraft carriers had reached 10:3. When the Japanese occupied zhina, French India, on July 24, 194 1, which posed a serious threat to the strategic locations of the United States in the Pacific, such as the Philippines, Singapore and the Dutch East India (now Indonesia), Roosevelt decided to reinforce artillery, tanks and combat aircraft to the Philippines before September 5 of that year, but he still did not strengthen his vigilance against Hawaii and other places.

All this doomed America.