Which is the largest saltwater lake in the world?

There are many saltwater lakes in the world, so next, I will talk to you about the largest saltwater lake in the world!

Basic situation of the world's largest saltwater lake

The largest saltwater lake in the world is the Caspian Sea in Europe. Although the Caspian Sea is also called the sea, it is a complete lake and the largest saltwater lake in the world. Because the Caspian Sea used to be connected with the Mediterranean Sea, it will be the largest saltwater lake in the world.

The Caspian Sea is the largest saltwater lake in the world, located at the junction of Europe and Asia, and the largest freshwater lake is Lake Superior in North America. The Caspian Sea has an ecosystem similar to the ocean, and the shipping industry is developed. What is the geographical attribute of Caspian Sea? Haiji Lake? It finally separated from the Black Sea and became an inland lake, only 1. 1 ten thousand years ago.

Geology of the largest saltwater lake in the world

Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Azov Sea, etc. Originally part of the ancient Mediterranean. After the evolution of land and sea, the ancient Mediterranean gradually shrank, and the contour, area and depth of the above-mentioned sea areas changed many times. So, today's Caspian Sea is a relic of the ancient Mediterranean. Why do geographers call it? Haiji Lake? .

The depth of the Caspian Sea is different. The north is shallow and the south is deep, and the bottom of the lake inclines from north to south. The North Caspian Sea covers an area of 99,404 square kilometers (38,380 square miles), which is the shallowest part of the sea, with an average depth of 4-6 meters, and the deepest point along the border with the Middle Caspian Sea is 20 meters. The seabed is composed of monotonous wavy sedimentary plains. Area of the Central Caspian Sea137,918km? (53,250 square miles), forming an irregular basin with steep western slope and gentle eastern slope. The shallowest part-the continental shelf with a depth of101~140m-extends along both banks, and the westernmost slope is crisscrossed by underwater landslides and canyons. Apsheron Shoal is a sandbar and island belt, which rises from ancient underwater rocks with an area of about 149, 106km? South Caspian Basin (57,570 square miles). A series of underwater mountains broke the northern terrain, but the rest of the bottom of the basin is a flat plain, and the deepest part of the Caspian Sea is here. The south and southwest of the Caspian Sea are surrounded by the Elbers Mountains and the Caucasus Mountains, and the other two sides are flat plains and lowlands. The sea area is divided into four bays: Mangeshlak, Kazak, Turkmen, Kra Si Nuo Wattsk and so on. The surface of the Caspian Sea is 28 meters below the ocean surface, and the average depth of the lake is about 180 meters. The depth of the Caspian Sea is different, shallow in the north and deep in the south, and the bottom of the Caspian Sea inclines from north to south, which can be roughly divided into three parts: the northern part is generally 4 ~ 6 meters deep; Intermediate water depth 170 ~ 790 meters; The south is the deepest, and the maximum depth can reach1025m. There are about 50 islands in the Caspian Sea, covering an area of about 350 square kilometers.

The coastline of the world's largest saltwater lake

The northern shore of the lake is low-lying, and there are a lot of alluvial materials washed down by the Wula River and the telek River, especially the Wowa River. The deltas of these rivers have been widely developed. The middle of the west coast is mountainous. The foothills of the Great Caucasus Mountains seem very close, but they are separated from the coast by narrow coastal plains. The Apsheron Peninsula extends to the sea there, and Baku City is located on the peninsula, just to the south of the peninsula. The flood plains of the Kula River and the Aras River form the Aras lowland. The south bank and south bank of Lihai River are formed by sediments from Lankalan and Jilan-Mazandalan lowlands, and the peaks of Tarish and Elbl stand not far inland. The east coast of the South Caspian Sea is also low-lying and not too steep, which is formed by sediments caused by wave activities; Suddenly interrupted by the low and mountainous Chereken Peninsula and Turkmenbashi Peninsula. Most of the east coast of central China is steep, and seawater destroyed the edges of limestone Mangeshlak Plateau and kendyrli-kayasansk Plateau. The most important feature of this area is Kara-Boaz-Gore Bay, which was originally a bay of the Caspian Sea, but formed a harbor similar to a lagoon.

The main river of the world's largest saltwater lake.

There are more than 30 rivers/kloc-0, such as Volga River, ural river River, Kula River and telek River, with an annual runoff of 300km? Above. The Volga River, Wula River and Terek River, which flow into the northern Caspian Sea, account for 88% of all rivers flowing into the Caspian Sea, of which the runoff of Volga River into the sea is 256km? , accounting for 85% of the total runoff in the Caspian Sea. The Surak River, Samur River, Kula River and some smaller rivers are injected from the west coast, providing about 7% of the water, and the rest comes from rivers along the Iranian coast. There are no regular rivers in the eastern coastal areas.

An important port of the world's largest saltwater lake

Caspian Sea plays an important role in transportation: oil, timber, grain, cotton, rice and sulfate are the basic goods for transportation, while astrakhan, Baku, Makhachkala, Turkmenbashi and Shevchenko are the most important ports. They are also connected by regular passenger transport, while between Baku and Turkmenbashi, railway freight is directly ferried without loading and unloading.

Hydrological characteristics of the world's largest saltwater lake

(1) circulation

The current is mainly cyclone circulation, and some local circulation can be formed in each sea area.

After entering the sea, the North Caspian Sea and Volga River are divided into two tributaries: the main river flows south along the west bank; The other branch flows eastward along the north shore, forming a small anticyclone circulation in the northeast. The flow velocity changes with the wind, generally 10 ~ 15cm/s, and when there is strong northerly wind, the flow velocity in the west reaches 30 ~ 40 cm/s, and the maximum can reach100 cm/s.

The central Caspian Sea is controlled by a large cyclone circulation.

There is cyclone circulation in the northwest and southeast of the South Caspian Sea. Therefore, a coastal current from north to south is formed in the west of the Caspian Sea, with an average velocity of 25 ~ 35 cm/s, while a coastal current from south to north appears in the east. The average speed is about10 ~15cm/s.

(2) Water temperature

The distribution of water temperature varies with seasons and regions. In winter, there is a great difference in surface water temperature between the north and the south. In February, the North Caspian Sea was only 0. 1 ~ 0.5? C, the South Caspian Sea can reach 8 ~ 10? C. The temperature difference in summer is small, generally 24 ~ 27? The vertical distribution of water temperature also changes with the seasons. In winter, the water temperature in the North Caspian Sea and the Middle Caspian Sea is almost unchanged, and there is a thermocline in the South Caspian Sea at a depth of 50 ~ 100 meters. In summer, the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers at the depth of 30 ~ 50 meters in the central and southern waters is large.

There are 130 rivers flowing into the Caspian Sea, and the annual runoff into the sea is more than 300 cubic kilometers. Among them, the runoff of Volga River into the sea is 256 cubic kilometers, accounting for 85% of the total runoff of Caspian Sea. The discharge into the sea has great seasonal and interannual changes, which directly affects the changes of salinity and water level. Seawater is low in chloride and high in sulfate and carbonate. The salinity of seawater is about two-thirds lower than the standard salinity of seawater. Generally, the south-central part is 12.0 ~ 13.0, and the salinity outside the Volga River Delta is only 0.2. The seasonal variation of salinity is often between 0. 17 and 0.2 1. From February 65438 to April the following year, the North Caspian Sea often freezes. The ice thickness is generally 0.5 ~ 0.6m, with the maximum thickness of1m.. Under the strong north wind, drifting ice can drift south to the vicinity of the Apsheron Peninsula.

(3) Water level

The remarkable change of water level in long period and ultra-long period is the most remarkable phenomenon in Caspian Sea. Studies have confirmed that the water level of the Caspian Sea in the early19th century was 22 meters lower than that before 4000 ~ 6000 years. During 7 ~ 1 1 century, there was a low water level. During 1930 ~ 1957, the water level dropped again due to the construction of reservoirs on the Volga River, excessive industrial and agricultural water use and dry climate. Since the early 1970s, the water level of the Caspian Sea has remained at around -28.5 meters. The water level varies greatly in seasons, high in spring and summer and low in winter, with an annual variation of up to 33 cm. The winds in the Caspian Sea significantly increase or decrease the water. In the Volga River Delta, sometimes the wind reduces the water by 4-5 meters, and the wind increases the water by 2 meters.

The water level in the Caspian Sea is the highest in July and the lowest in February. The water level difference in the north is 2-3 meters, and the water level in the south-central part is only 20-50 cm, with the maximum not exceeding 1.5 meters. In summer, the water temperature in the Caspian Sea is basically the same, all around 26℃. In winter, the water temperature in the north is below 0℃. The average temperature in the south is 8 ~ 10℃, and the shallow water ice age in the north lasts for 2 ~ 3 months every year. The winds in the Caspian Sea significantly increase or decrease the water. In the Volga River Delta, sometimes the wind reduces the water by 4-5 meters, and the wind increases the water by 2 meters.

Caspian Sea is located in desert and semi-desert environment, with dry climate and strong evaporation of water. According to statistics, the total annual water inflow into the Caspian Sea is 338.2 cubic kilometers, while the annual water consumption is 36 1.3 cubic kilometers, which makes it difficult to make ends meet? Deficit? The water level of the lake will definitely drop gradually. 1930, with a lake area of 422,000 square kilometers. To 1970, reduced to 37 1 10,000 square kilometers.

The decrease of water level is due to the decrease of river inflow and the increase of evaporation caused by climate change (which is aggravated by the construction of reservoirs on Wowa River) and the consumption of river water by irrigation and industry. The rise of water level is related to the climatic factors that lead to the increase of the inflow of Wowa River, which has been much higher than the average level for several years. The increase of sea surface precipitation and the decrease of evaporation are also the reasons for this phenomenon.

The water level in the Caspian Sea is the highest in July and the lowest in February. The water level difference in the north is 2-3 meters, and the water level in the south-central part is only 20-50 cm, with the maximum not exceeding 1.5 meters.

The climate of the largest saltwater lake in the world.

The northern part of the Caspian Sea is located in the temperate continental climate zone, while the whole central part of the Caspian Sea (and most of the southern sea areas) is located in the warm zone. Affected by the southwest subtropical climate, the east coast is dominated by desert climate, with changeable climate. In winter, the atmospheric circulation is dominated by the cold Asian anticyclone, but it affects the azores high branch and the South Asian low-pressure center in summer. Violent storms are related to the north wind and southeast wind.

The sea area spans several different climatic zones. Although the North Caspian Sea has a continental climate, the change is not drastic. The middle Caspian Sea has a mild climate in the west and a dry desert climate in the east. The South Caspian Sea has a subtropical climate and is dry in summer. In winter, the weather in Caspian Sea is unstable and the temperature changes greatly. The average temperature in the north is -8 ~- 10? C, south 8 ~ 10? C. The wind direction is changeable, mainly easterly and northeasterly. The wind force is 5.5 ~ 10.7 m/s, and sometimes it can reach 20.8 ~ 28.4 m/s in the middle. In summer, the ocean is controlled by high pressure, and there is often a weak sea breeze blowing to the land, so the weather is very stable. The temperature doesn't change much. The average temperature in the hottest month is 28 ~ 29? C, the extreme maximum temperature can reach 44? C. The annual average precipitation is 200 ~ 1700 mm, which is unevenly distributed, with less in the eastern coast and more in the southwestern coast. The annual evaporation is generally 1000mm, reaching 1400mm in the eastern part of the South Caspian Sea and the Apsheron Peninsula.