Guidance on writing through reading teaching

“Reading is absorbing, writing is pouring out.” Mr. Ye Shengtao said when talking about Chinese teaching. Reading and writing are like the breathing of the human body. They are two inseparable and important parts of Chinese teaching. Talking about writing without reading is no more than talking on paper. In this way, it is difficult for students to improve their appreciation of literary works and lack sufficient reading reserves. It is even less possible to write articles with rich connotations. However, in recent years, many Chinese teachers have separated the relationship between reading and writing, simply interpreting texts in order to seek common sense, and developing teaching routines to cope with composition exams. Chinese teaching has gradually lost its charm. Many teachers are troubled by the lack of systematic writing teaching materials. They often find it difficult to start teaching composition. Many students cannot apply what they have learned and do not know how to draw nutrients from reading. When writing articles, they make up two parts and fabricate them. It has eliminated the troublesome "grey landscape" in Chinese teaching. "Chinese textbooks are nothing more than examples. Using this example, students can draw inferences and develop proficient reading and writing skills." (Ye Shengtao's words). In fact, a large number of classic texts are selected in Chinese textbooks, and their literary ideas, content, and expression techniques have many merits, and they should become excellent examples for students' writing. In Chinese teaching, we should organically combine reading and writing, and infiltrate writing training into reading teaching. This can not only improve students' text appreciation ability, but also effectively promote the improvement of comprehensive Chinese qualities such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing. So, how to organically combine writing guidance and reading teaching? In teaching practice and exploration, I have summarized the following highly operational forms of essay writing: 1. Lay the foundation for imitation and explore how to get started in writing. Imitation is human instinct. Everyone's first language begins through imitation. The same is true for Chinese language learning as a language subject. Imitation is undoubtedly the most basic and practical form of combining reading and writing, and is an effective way for novice writers to improve their composition skills. In recent years, the forms of Chinese language examinations have been flexible and diverse, with a wide range of knowledge. Among them, "imitation questions" once became a required item in the high school entrance examination. However, many students are at a loss what to do and cannot even master the most basic sentence expressions. This reflects a potential problem in Chinese teaching - reading and writing. The result of this kind of dismemberment of texts and simple and superficial teaching is that some students can only answer questions about fill-in-the-blanks and multiple-choice questions about literary and stylistic knowledge, but they cannot use this knowledge to appreciate the text, let alone apply these writing knowledge and methods to their compositions. In view of the shortcomings of students "reading to death" and "reading to death", we must infiltrate writing training in reading teaching and start from imitating writing to ensure the entry level of composition teaching. Imitation is also a skill, which can be multi-angle and multi-level: for example, in terms of sentences, you can imitate sentence structures, whole and loose sentences; in terms of rhetoric, you can imitate commonly used metaphors and personifications. , parallelism, parallelism, etc.; for example, in terms of paragraphs, it can be an imitation of the paragraph structure and the use of expressions; such as full-text imitation, it can imitate the idea and selection of the model essay, and it can imitate the layout of the model essay. , you can also imitate the expression techniques of model essays... The most commonly used exercises in reading teaching are imitation sentence exercises and imitation paragraph exercises. The cultivation of the ability to choose words and form sentences is the basis for writing good articles. In teaching, I often capture sentences with rich vocabulary, obvious sentence patterns, and clever rhetorical use for students to imitate, so as to exercise their ability to express accurately. Liushahe wrote in "Ideal": "Ideal is a stone, knocking out a spark; ideal is a fire, igniting an extinguished lamp; ideal is a lamp, lighting up the road at night; ideal is a road, leading you towards the dawn." The poem uses true and consecutive rhetorical techniques to vividly express the ideal meaning. I asked students to use "ideal" (or "faith", "friendship", etc.) as key words to imagine and imitate sentences, learn how to apply them in daily life, and write many vivid and philosophical sentences in connection with real life. "Spring" by Mr. Zhu Ziqing is a classic prose. The article depicts beautiful spring scenes such as spring flowers, spring breeze, spring rain, spring grass, and spring jasmine. It accurately and vividly uses a large number of verbs, adjectives, metaphors, personifications, quotations and other rhetorical techniques. It also mobilizes different senses such as vision, smell, hearing, and touch to describe spring, from reality to virtuality, combining virtuality and reality, contrasting movement and stillness, and the light words are full of poetry and painting. On the basis of appreciating beautiful passages, I guide students to pay attention to the seasonal changes in their hometown, select a certain point or aspect, and imitate from the aspects of expression techniques, rhetorical use, etc., use the wonderful pen in my hand and use my own enthusiasm to pay attention The beautiful scenery of my hometown. Because the subject matter is closer to our daily life, students are more interested in it and have something to say and express their emotions. In the end, many passages with excellent writing and thinking emerged. In addition to carrying out fragment imitation exercises, we can also carry out overall text imitation practice activities. Most of the selected texts in the textbooks are excellent in both literary quality and beauty, with their own unique ideological conception, structure, language, and expression techniques. On the basis of fully interpreting the text, we guide students to "follow the example" and try imitation exercises to apply what they have learned.

The contents of some texts are easy to understand and close to the students' real life, such as "Antelope Wood Sculpture", "My Teacher", "The First Time is So Good", etc. Students can easily find the emotional "sound point" in such articles. , can guide students to draw lessons from the method of selecting text materials, combine their own life accumulation, and write essays on the topic of "growth"; some texts are sincere and touching, such as "Back View", "Walking", "Dad's Flowers" Emotional prose novels such as "Falled" can guide students to experience the author's emotions in reading teaching, find the spiritual connection point between themselves and the author, and mobilize their own life accumulation to write essays; some articles have beautiful language and exquisite structure, such as "Autumn Soul", "Summer is also a good weather", "Ansai Waist Drum", etc., you can use the language beauty of the appreciation article as a breakthrough, learn from the language characteristics and artistic techniques of the article, and then practice imitation; some poems are exquisite and timeless, Fresh and bright, He Qifang's "Autumn", Bing Xin's "Paper Boat", etc. can guide students to capture the "perspective" of life and try short poem writing on the basis of appreciation of poetry... Of course, imitation is not plagiarism. It's not about changing the appearance. The essence of imitation is learning about ideas and drawing lessons from methods and techniques. The most important thing in this process is "refining" and "thinking". Although imitation is an effective way for beginner writers, it cannot replace fundamental literary creation. Only through continuous accumulation, reflection and summary can writing finally achieve "walking the original path with one's own legs." 2. Adaptation and expansion, text expansion and new meanings. There are many novels, fairy tales, scripts, poems and other literary works in Chinese textbooks, which either describe the characters vividly, or narrate the story with twists and turns, or the content is profound and rich in meaning. During the teaching process, we can seize the blank spots behind the text to expand and extend in many aspects and levels, rationally imagine, continue to rewrite and rewrite on the basis of the original text, deepen students' interpretation of the text, stimulate students' creative inspiration, and continuously cultivate literary innovation ability . Adaptation is to change the writing angle into another genre or style based on the ideological content and expression form of the original text. Based on the original work, it can add or delete some plots, change the title, change the narrative person, change the genre, change the order of the articles, etc. This writing form of "old wine in new bottles" can effectively stimulate students' imagination space and gallop the wild horses of thinking. It is a good form of training writing thinking. For example, "Poetry of Mulan", a popular Yuefu folk song, is catchy and has strong storytelling and legendary qualities. When studying the text, you can supplement and introduce relevant historical materials, explain the techniques of novel writing, and then let students use their imagination to rewrite the story of Mulan's joining the army into a historical novel. The same method can also be used to put Du Fu's "Shi Hao Li" on the "stage", and rewrite ancient poems such as "The Sky is Clean Sand·Autumn Thoughts", "Mooring at Maple Bridge at Night", "Bai Xue Ge Sends the Wudu Official Back to the Capital" into beautiful poems. Prose, reproduce a period of history that may be heavy or bright; or change the narrator's voice in "The Last Lesson" to calmly reproduce the historical fragments of the Franco-Prussian War; or rewrite "The Emperor's New Clothes" into a textbook drama to focus on portraying the relationship between the ruling class and the general public. Ugly face... Adapting articles often has unexpected effects. Students' whims and whims can be displayed and their understanding of the text can be deepened. However, adapting texts cannot distort the essential characteristics of the characters at will, nor can it be aimless and contrary to the laws of life. . Text expansion or continuation is also an effective form of strengthening writing teaching, which is mainly suitable for articles with strong storytelling. Expansion and continuation is a re-creation based on the original text, changing the writing perspective, enriching the writing content, and supplementing the "blank spaces" behind the text in terms of language, psychology, scenes, and plots. For example, when studying the fairy tale "The Emperor's New Clothes", we can encourage students to imagine the plot development "after the parade", combine the historical background of the story, and grasp the characteristics of the characters to continue writing; after studying Maupassant's "My Uncle Jules" , students can be guided to continue writing the novel, imagining the scene of the Philip family returning from a trip and meeting Jules after the hairline, further revealing the naked money relationship in capitalist society; after studying Mr. Lu Xun's "Kong Yiji", encourage Students break the boundaries of time and space and fictionalize the dramatic scene of "Kong Yiji meets Fan Jin by chance" to guide students to launch an in-depth discussion of China's feudal education; after learning the fable "The Sludge", they can continue to write "After Mr. Nan Guo escaped...", Studying "The Last Leaf" allows students to spread their imagination and rewrite the plot of "Painting on a Stormy Night"... During teaching, if teachers can induce students to explore those factors that "reverberate around for three days" as a basis for writing training The materials are undoubtedly of great benefit to the cultivation of students' thinking ability and language expression ability. 3. Feelings and thoughts, and exploring the ideological connotation of the text. A good article can always give people aesthetic pleasure and ideological enlightenment. Many of the texts selected in the textbook always give people a feeling that they are full of meaning after reading them, making people think and ponder. Teachers can "strike while the iron is hot" and allow students to boldly express their personal opinions, deeply analyze the connotation of their thoughts, and seek truth, goodness, and beauty in their works and life. For example, two classical Chinese articles, "Shang Zhongyong" and "Sun Quan Encourage Learning", are both about the impact of education and learning on a person's growth. The two articles have similarities and have their own emphases. Students are deeply touched by this and unconsciously In the essay, I wrote my thoughts after reading it, citing classics and classics, and analyzing the relationship between education and talent development in a simple and easy-to-understand way.

In the article "Gorals Flying Across", the great choices made by the gorals at the critical moment of life and death and the tragedy of calmly facing death strongly shocked the hearts of the students. Many students could not restrain their inner emotions and wrote about "survival", Random thoughts on "life", "love", "environmental protection" and other aspects, and students also wrote "A Letter to the Hunting Team", which elaborated on the theme of "treating life well and living in harmony with nature". Lin Haiyin's article "Dad's Flowers Have Fallen" continued Yingzi's growth story in a deep and calm tone, revealing the protagonist's longing for the future with a light melancholy atmosphere. The students read the deep father's love from the article. I read a sense of perseverance and responsibility, and also realized that life requires experience. Such a deep emotional experience touched the inner world of the students, and lines of words full of emotion flowed out from the students' pens. Andersen's famous fairy tale "The Ugly Duckling" tells the story of an ugly duckling who adheres to his ideals and beliefs, perseveres in pursuing beauty and light, and eventually turns into a beautiful white swan. The fascinating storyline of the text and the positive ideological significance shown by the ugly duckling bring students enjoyment of beauty and spiritual edification. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the literary image of the ugly duckling, students can grasp the theme words of the article to express their true inner experience, and write about their persistent pursuit of a better life in connection with real life... The writing of post-reading thoughts should be based on the original text and put it into practice. The emphasis is on "feeling". Reading is the basis of writing. Only by reading carefully and carefully can we deeply understand the content of the article, grasp the key points, and grasp the thoughts and feelings of the article. Only then can we feel and experience something, and can we truly realize the organic combination of "reading" and "feeling". combine. Imitating, rewriting, expanding, continuing writing, and writing after reading are several common writing methods. It is not only conducive to in-depth interpretation of the connotation of the text, promotes understanding and digestion of the text, but also cultivates students' language expression ability and analysis ability. Problems, problem-solving abilities, and continuous improvement in writing interest. With the help of the role of textbooks as examples, organically linking reading teaching and writing training, using reading to lead writing, and combining reading and writing, is a quick way to improve students' writing level. If reading teaching and writing training are isolated, students will have high ambitions and low abilities, and will not be able to apply what they have learned, and it will be difficult to improve their writing ability. Similarly, if writing guidance is separated from reading teaching and trains students' writing skills separately, writing will become useless. The source of water is the tree without roots. As for which writing practice form to choose, this requires Chinese teachers to continuously explore and summarize in actual teaching, give full play to the "guiding" and "guiding practice" functions of textbook texts, carry out reading and writing training according to local conditions, and continuously improve students' comprehensive Chinese literacy. I. . Know. . Dao added. . I. . private. .

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