The weather in Xiang Si Forest Scenic Area

Pay attention to the weather before moving Before transplanting trees, make a transplanting plan according to the weather forecast to avoid high temperature, low temperature and northerly winds. Peach trees are easy to grow in wet places, such as fish ponds and slopes by rivers; Mango and Acacia formosana should be planted in yellow soil structure. Because the digging ball is easy to loosen after rain, you should choose sunny days or wait until the soil is dry before digging. When digging the ball that day, it is necessary to avoid water evaporation caused by direct sunlight after digging the ball. If possible, you can cover it with a sunshade net, and it is best to dig the seeds.

Pruning pruning can be divided into: (1) before digging, clean the inner hall branches, cut off the drooping branches according to the specified height, and cut off the dead branches with pests and diseases. (2) When transported to the planting site, trim the top branches in the car. If the upper branches are tender branches, they should all be cut off, the length is about 30 cm, and the branches that are too dense should also be cut off. (3) Knock out half of the old leaves to facilitate metabolism. Leave the tender part in the middle, the young leaves should not be too dense, and when they are too dense, use the interval method to beat the leaves. (4) Pruning branches and leaves damaged by machinery after planting. The purpose is to reduce the water demand of the whole tree after transplantation and ensure the survival rate of the tree. Pruning branches is one third of the whole, so that the whole tree shape is not destroyed, creating conditions for the germination of new branches and leaves. The blade for cutting roots should be small and flat, which is beneficial to the growth of new roots.

According to the trunk diameter, growth and topography of each tree, the excavation method determines the diameter of the soil ball excavated by the tree, which is generally 8 to 10 times of the trunk diameter. Dig flat and big, and then trim the earth ball with a shovel. The depth is generally around 1 m. The bottom of the soil ball is reduced to a pot shape, and it is wrapped immediately after completion. 50%-70% sunshade net and plastic rope are used as dressing materials. When wrapping the earth ball, leave more at the bottom of the sunshade net, and tie it tightly with plastic rope after wrapping it. The next important work is to cut off the main root below. Because these saplings have never been transplanted and the taproots are deep, the author used an excavator. Expand one side of the tree pit, and the excavation opportunity will retreat to a certain range. Insert the back of the bucket directly into the bottom of the soil ball and push it forward evenly. Stop pushing when the tree leans. Treat the root system at the bottom with a shovel and a saw, and then wrap it with a sunshade net. In the process of dressing, the net and rope must be tied tightly to avoid the soil ball from scattering.

The bark of peaches, mangoes and Taiwan Province acacia is very brittle. In particular, the bark of the peach contains a lot of water, so it is easy to hurt the skin when it is lifted with a professional canvas belt. So when lifting trees, we should wrap sacks on the trunk. When hanging peach trees, evenly add battens around the sacks, and then buckle the canvas hanging belt to avoid pulling the bark. It is best to choose the trunk hanging point at the fork and the tree node, but we must pay attention to the balance between the tree and the soil ball. When hanging the tree on the car, due to the large crown and many branches, a long wooden strip or sandbag should be prepared on the car. When putting the tree on the car, the earth ball leans against the front of the car, and the crown faces backwards. Cross the battens or sandbags on the car, put the tree on the battens or sandbags, and pad the battens with sacks to avoid hurting the bark. Seal both sides of the soil ball with bricks or sandbags, so that both sides of the soil ball will not shake.

When preparing tree holes and choosing planting sites, it is not allowed to be in stagnant water and low-lying places. When digging a pit, the size of the pit depends on the size of the soil ball of each tree, which is generally 30 to 40 cm larger than the diameter of the soil ball and 40 to 60 cm deep. Put the base fertilizer at the bottom of the pit and return the foreign soil to about 20 cm. The depth of backfill soil in tree holes is higher than that of soil balls, because the loose soil will fall off after watering. The planting height of trees is about 20 cm higher than the original ground, which is beneficial to drainage.

When planting Platanus acerifolia, you should look at the direction of the crown and choose the direction. Untie the bottom net and rope before going under the tree to the hole. If the soil ball is loose and can't solve the bottom layer, put it in a tree hole and shovel in foreign soil and stick it around. When nearly one third of the soil is backfilled, loosen the tree belt to see if the tree is upright and stable. For example, hook the tree belt on the inclined side with a crane and tie it tightly with a stick at the bottom of a shovel until the tree stands upright. Untie the sunshade net and rope, take it out and fill it with mud. When filling mud, put 4-5 bamboo pipes or water pipes between the hole and the soil ball, and the length should be equal to or shorter than that of the soil ball. Bamboo needs to drill multiple holes to let all bamboo joints pass through, and only one water pipe needs to be drilled. This can make the water pour to the bottom and around the trees, and increase the permeability of the soil. One end of bamboo or water pipe should be higher than the ground to prevent soil from falling into the pipe.

Maintenance management If the sun is strong after planting, cover the sunshade net as soon as possible and water it properly. According to the weather, spray water 4 to 5 times a day on sunny days, once in the morning and evening, and * * * three times at noon and afternoon. Because the temperature is the highest around noon and the water evaporates quickly, it is necessary to ensure the water supply of branches and leaves. After planting, the trees should be reinforced in time and not allowed to shake, so as not to affect the survival rate. The fixing material can be iron wire or long bamboo pole, which can be stable. Branches should be wrapped in sacks or rubber before being fixed.

It is suggested that manual operation is better when transplanting trees to dig balls, because excavators are easy to dig out large pieces of soil balls, which leads to incomplete soil balls. However, the excavator has fast speed and good stability when breaking the root, which is better than manual and crane. When planting, it is best to use a crane to hang the tree smoothly, and it is not easy to hurt branches and soil balls.

In a word, the survival rate of transplanted trees can reach over 95% as long as the soil is intact, the soil ball is large and the maintenance and management are timely. Of course, the unique weather conditions in the south are also essential. At the end of this paper, I made it clear that transplanting big trees means doing everything possible to protect the survival of these big trees and let them continue to survive when the construction project can't avoid trees. Any disorderly movement that destroys trees should be stopped, because protecting the ecological environment means protecting ourselves.

Trees live by roots.

Roots are important vegetative organs of trees, and trees can't live without roots. One of the functions of roots is to fix the whole tree in the soil and keep the whole tree in gravity balance; Function two. It absorbs moisture in soil and mineral nutrients dissolved in water. According to analysis, there are more than 60 kinds of elements in plants, among which the most abundant carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are basically fixed by photosynthesis, and other elements are mainly absorbed from soil and water in ionic state. Among them, except nitrogen, they are all components of the earth's rocks at first, so they are called mineral elements. Because plants absorb nitrogen in a way similar to mineral elements, they are regarded as a part of mineral nutrition. The third function is that the roots of some trees can form adventitious buds, which have reproductive effects.

The root of the tree comes from the radicle of the seed, which breaks through the seed coat and grows underground to form the main root. Taproot develops from root embryo, so it is called primary root. Lateral roots can be produced on the main roots, which in turn produce secondary and tertiary branches, both of which are called lateral roots. Lateral roots are produced by primary roots, so they are also called secondary roots. Because both taproot and lateral root have a certain occurrence position, they all come from radicle, so they are also called fixed roots. The stems and branches of some trees can produce roots, and the roots do not produce roots, and they are not necessarily located. They are collectively referred to as adventitious roots, such as the roots produced by poplar and willow buried or cuttage.

The sum of all the roots of a single tree is called the root system. Both fixed roots and adventitious roots can develop into roots. Tree-stick system propagated by seeds can be divided into two types according to its source and morphology: direct root system and fibrous root system. 1. Straight root system. Primary roots and secondary roots produced by radicle development

Rooting components, taproot developed, thicker and longer than lateral roots at all levels, taproot and lateral roots are obviously different. 2. Fibrous root system. The taproot is underdeveloped or stops growing early, and many adventitious roots with similar thickness are formed at the base of the stem, showing a tufted state. This root system is called fibrous root system.

The distribution of root system in soil is related to the survival and growth of trees. The stems, branches, flowers, fruits and leaves of the above-ground parts of trees must rely on the roots to absorb water and mineral nutrients from the soil for growth and development, and fix the trees on the ground. Therefore, the distribution and growth of roots in the soil must keep a certain balance with the development of aboveground parts. According to research, under natural conditions, the depth and width of roots are often 5 times-15 times of the crown area. Due to the influence of tree species, genetic genes, growth and development, human activities in soil environment and other factors, the vertical and horizontal distribution of tree roots in soil is different. Therefore, according to the distribution of root system in soil, it can be divided into deep root and shallow root, which is beneficial to cultivation and utilization. 1. Root depth. The main roots of this tree-stick system are developed, which go deep into the soil layer and grow vertically downward. 2. the roots are shallow. The main roots of trees are underdeveloped, and the lateral roots or adventitious roots grow by radiation, which is much longer than the main roots, and most of the roots are distributed in the soil surface. The roots of Robinia pseudoacacia and Eupatorium odoratum are mostly distributed in the soil surface layer of 20 cm -40 cm. This kind of tree species with shallow roots is called shallow-rooted tree species.

The genetic factor of root distribution depth of trees in soil is the key factor, such as Korean pine, stinky fir, Picea ichthys and Picea koraiensis. The most suitable soil texture for tree growth is loam and sandy loam. Different soil textures have different abilities to maintain nutrients and water, which will definitely affect the development of tree roots. For example, Korean pine has deep roots in sandy soil and developed roots, and the roots can also develop well in soil containing more gravel and debris; However, in heavy soil or clay with poor air permeability, the roots of Korean pine are only distributed in the surface layer of soil. Abies odorifera and Picea ichthyoides belong to shallow-rooted tree species in clay with poor drainage and ventilation, but they grow in sandy loam or sandy soil with well-developed roots. Trees grow well and the soil must have enough water and proper air. Water submerges trees to absorb and dissolve mineral nutrients for trees to absorb and transport to all parts of trees. Air affects root respiration and physiological functions, and at the same time affects the species, quantity and decomposition activities of soil microorganisms, that is, indirectly affects the nutritional status of trees. The oxygen content in soil air is always between the lower critical value of 10% and the oxygen content in general air of 2 1%, and the highest value is in the layer closest to the ground, because the roots of trees are concentrated in this soil layer. Soil temperature directly affects the growth and activity of tree roots, and indirectly affects the growth of thin stems and equal trees on the ground. For example, the most suitable soil temperature for root growth is generally 20-25℃, and it will stop growing if it is raised by 5℃. Similarly, when the soil freezes, the root system is difficult to extend and will stop running on the soil surface. Low soil temperature will also affect the absorption of water and mineral nutrients by roots. The roots of trees have obvious water and fertilizer tropism, which means that the roots of trees are often concentrated in places rich in water and fertilizer. People can change the development of roots in advance, and the seedlings propagated by seeds have obvious main roots and deep roots; When transplanting in separate beds, the development of main roots is limited and a large number of lateral roots appear; The main roots of seedlings propagated by cutting and layering are not obvious, and the protrusions are shallow.

In forestry, in order to make trees grow fast, with high quality and high yield, it is necessary to fit trees in the right place, to create a soil environment suitable for trees to grow, to carry out key root system development such as soil improvement, alien soil afforestation and wetland drainage, to create conditions for the growth and development of aboveground parts, and to afforest separately according to root system characteristics. Shelterbelt afforestation should choose deep-rooted tree species, which can resist strong winds; To build soil and water conservation forest, we should choose tree species with developed silver series and strong soil sealing; When building a mixed forest, we should not only consider the relationship between the above-ground parts of the tree potential, but also choose deep-rooted and shallow-rooted tree species to match each other, so that the roots at different levels of the soil can make full use of water and nutrients.

Several problems that should be paid attention to in seedling raising.

Seedling raising is the last step in cultivating seedlings. The quality of seedling directly affects the quality of seedlings, the survival rate, growth and results after afforestation and garden construction. When raising seedlings, we should pay attention to the following problems:

Standard of leaving nursery

The seedlings have strong branches, good maturity and full buds; Sound root system and many fibrous roots; No pests and diseases. Seedling height should meet certain requirements. For example, the DBH of seedlings such as Populus tomentosa, Populus tomentosa and Fatong should be above 3 cm, and the height of seedlings should be above 3.5 meters. The seedling height of apples, pears, apricots and peaches is more than 1 meter. Try not to use young and weak seedlings and other seedlings.

Master the seedling raising time

In principle, seedlings should be raised during dormancy. Deciduous trees can begin to shed their leaves from autumn to the next spring before the sap begins to flow; Besides the above time, evergreen trees can germinate in rainy season. Raise seedlings in early spring, and raise them well before they start to sprout. If the buds are opened and then the seedlings are raised, the survival rate of the seedlings will be greatly reduced In autumn, seedlings are raised after the branches and leaves stop growing. At this time, the roots continue to grow. If they can be planted in time after seedling raising, they can start to grow earlier the next spring.

Master the way out of the nursery.

Root injury should be reduced as far as possible when seedlings are raised, and the length of the main lateral roots of seedlings should be kept at least 20 cm to prevent damage to the cortex and bud eyes of seedlings. When the weather is dry, water it first, and then start after the soil is loose. For long taproots and lateral roots, they can be cut off when it is inconvenient to dig up, and it is forbidden to pull out seedlings, so as not to tear the skin of seedlings and affect their survival.

Bring soil balls when digging seedlings.

When raising seedlings, we should pay attention to bringing soil balls with the roots, and the diameter of the soil balls can be 6 times to 12 times of the ground diameter to avoid the roots from losing water when exposed to air. Bare-rooted seedlings should follow closely; Precious tree species or trees can also be wrapped with straw ropes to prevent soil balls from scattering. At the same time, the root system is closely connected with the soil after planting, and the root system can recover and absorb quickly, thus improving the survival rate. The roots of seedlings that need long-distance transportation should be dipped in mud and covered with plastic sheets or wet straw bags before transportation.

Disinfect the seedlings.

The first is sterilization. That is, soak the seedlings in lime-sulfur mixed solution with 3-5 Baume for 0/0-20 minutes, or soak the seedlings in Bordeaux solution with 1:2: 100 for 0/0-20 minutes, and then rinse with clear water. The second is the application of pesticides. That is, soaking seedlings in 50% methyl 1605500 times solution for 20 minutes can poison pests.

Good seedlings should be graded.

The principle of seedling grading is that the varieties must be pure, the rootstock types must be consistent, the branches on the ground are full, the buds are full, they have a certain height and thickness, the root system is developed, there are many fibrous roots, the number of roots is small, there is no serious pest and machine damage, and the marriage interface heals well. Conifer species should also consider the development of terminal buds. 20 or 50 seedlings and 100 seedlings were bundled for statistics, sales and transportation.

How to plant live and newly bought seedlings

A, seedling procurement:

There are two kinds of seedlings on the market now: bare-rooted seedlings and bulbs with soil. When buying bare-rooted seedlings, we should first look at whether the root system of seedlings is fresh and developed; Secondly, look at plant height, thickness and internode length. If the internode is too long, it will grow seedlings in vain, so it is not suitable to choose. Then see if the buds are full and strong. It is advisable to choose seedlings with a slightly larger soil ball, and then see if the root system around the soil ball is developed. Other conditions are the same as bare-rooted seedlings. In short, it is better to choose seedlings with developed roots, strong branches, full buds and no pests and diseases.

Second, the preparation before planting:

1. Pruning: Cut off diseased branches, weak branches, over-dense branches and ineffective tillers of seedlings to reduce water transpiration and maintain water balance of seedlings. Wax or wrap with film at the cutting site to prevent moisture evaporation and bacterial invasion.

2. Root system treatment: cutting off the diseased roots and weak roots of newly planted seedlings is beneficial to the regeneration of new roots after seedling planting. For some seedlings that are not conducive to survival, they can be soaked in a solution made of rooting powder to promote the rooting of seedlings and improve the survival rate.

Three, seedling planting:

Seedling raising technology is the key to the survival of newly planted seedlings.

1, digging a pit: determine the plant spacing and set out to dig a pit. The size of the hole depends on the volume of the root system of the seedling. Generally, the size of holes should be 2 ~ 3 times the volume of seedling roots. When digging a pit, the topsoil and subsoil (raw soil layer) are placed separately.

2. Planting: First put some thermal fertilizers such as cow dung and pig manure. At the bottom of the hole, then mix them with the soil evenly, and then sprinkle a layer of topsoil with a thickness of 5 to 8 cm to isolate the manure from the seedling roots. Put the seedlings in the center of the hole to make the roots naturally and reasonably distributed. In the case of seedlings with soil balls, untie the straw rope first, put it into the hole, and break the soil balls to avoid isolation between the soil balls and the hole soil, but the soil balls should not be too broken. Then cultivate the soil, first put the surface soil, and then put down the layer soil (raw soil layer). When cultivating the soil, the seedlings should be righted. After raising the soil, gently lift the seedlings to 1 to 2 cm, so that the roots naturally extend and closely combine with the soil.

3. Fence: The height of the enclosure should be about 20 cm, and the surrounding soil should be swatted off to prevent water leakage.

4. Water: The farmer said, "Live in water and grow in fat." Therefore, the water should be poured thoroughly. River water, groundwater and tap water can be used. Do not use polluted water sources.

5. Cover with plastic film: For seedlings that are not suitable for survival, plastic film can be covered around their trunks to reduce groundwater evaporation, prevent soil hardening, raise ground temperature and promote seedlings to take root and sprout.

Fourth, post-planting management:

It is necessary to check and replenish seedlings in time after planting.

1. Water supplement: If plants are found to be short of water or water during planting, water should be supplemented in time, and the soil should be loosened and cultivated in time, and the height of soil cultivation should cover the root neck of the lower part of the trunk.

2, anti-theft: special care, you can also tie some thorny branches around the tree, such as pepper branches, acacia branches and so on.

3. Replanting: If there are missing seedlings, replant them in time to make them quickly become green forests.

Planting techniques of big trees

First, the preliminary preparation

(1) Grasp the biological characteristics, ecological habits and environmental factors such as the source of seedlings and soil in the planting area.

(2) Prepare necessary mechanical facilities (such as cranes, flatbed cars, etc.). ), manpower and auxiliary materials, on-the-spot investigation of the walking route, formulate detailed transportation and planting scheme.

(3) Seedling treatment of1seedling: select the seedlings that are robust, well-developed, free of plant diseases and insect pests and meet the requirements of greening design, and carry out thinning, cutting and trunk wound treatment (white ready mixed paint or lime milk) in advance.

(4) Tree hole treatment in the planting area: In addition to considering the size of clods, the working space should be reserved in the artificial pit (40-50 cm from clods to the pit edge), and the soil at the bottom of the tree hole should be kept flat. If you need to change the soil, you must tamp the virtual soil and sink it with water (to prevent the trees from leaning after being put in because of uneven soil quality).

Second, shipment and planting

(1) Time: The planting time is from late March to early April. At this time, the trees are still dormant and the sap has not yet flowed out. Pick them up, transport them, plant them and water them.

(2) Seedling raising: When excavating bare-rooted seedlings, first of all, it is necessary to ensure that the root system damage of seedlings is small (the root system should not be less than 10- 12 times of DBH). For evergreen trees, clods must be brought when transplanting. The diameter of the clod is about 65438+ 0/3 of the height of the tree, and the clod should be complete and smooth. The mound is shaped like an apple, and the bottom does not exceed 1/3 of the diameter of the mound. Tie it tightly with sacks or hemp rope. When the seedlings are hoisted by crane, the contact surface between the steel wire rope and the clods should be padded with 1 inch thick blocks to prevent the clods from loosening due to excessive local stress.

(3) Seedling transportation: When the seedlings are too high and the walking route has lines, the seedlings must be placed at a certain inclination angle. In order to prevent the lower branches from being broken, they should be supported on transport vehicles.

(4) Planting: according to the requirements of seedling depth, put the seedlings in into the pit. The planting depth is slightly 2-3 cm deeper than the original. Cut the straw rope (if it is hemp rope, be sure to take it out), take out the cattail bag or sack piece, and tamp it while burying the soil. When planting bare-rooted trees, the roots should be stretched and not nested. When the soil is filled to the bottom of the pit 1/2, the seedlings should be gently lifted several times, and then compacted. After the trees are planted, triangular support or lead wire hanging piles should be done well. The part where the pillar meets the trunk should be padded with a piece of cattail to prevent the bark from being worn out.

Third, maintenance management.

(1) Water conservation: The newly transplanted trees have reduced water absorption capacity due to root damage, so ensuring sufficient water is the key to ensure the survival of trees. In addition to timely watering, water spraying or drying should be adopted according to the tree species and weather conditions.

(2) Pest control: The newly planted trees have poor resistance to pests and diseases, so it is necessary to observe the occurrence of local pests and diseases at any time and take timely control measures.

(3) Drainage: After transplanting big trees, the requirements for water are different according to different tree species. For example, Fatong likes wet soil, cedar avoids low-lying and wet waterlogging, and the groundwater level is high. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately increase the water content after transplanting, and cedar should pay attention to timely drainage in the rainy season.

(4) Sun protection in summer and cold protection in winter: the temperature is high and the light is strong in summer in the north. Precious tree species should be sprayed with water mist to cool down after transplantation, and umbrellas should be made if necessary. In winter, the temperature is low. In order to ensure the survival of newly planted trees, straw ropes are often used to dry and wind barriers are set up to prevent cold.

It is worth noting that although transplanting big trees is helpful to improve the urban ecological environment, we should also consider its technical difficulty and economic input, adjust measures to local conditions, and we should not blindly follow suit, let alone destroy natural resources at will.

Maintenance and management of street trees

Street trees refer to trees planted beside urban roads for beautification, shade and protection. The environmental conditions of urban streets are not ideal, so there are special requirements for the maintenance and management of street trees.

In order to ensure the beautiful appearance of street trees, it is necessary to trim and reshape them in time, trim the stems and buds in time every year, trim the diseased dead branches and disorderly branches in the crown, and keep the trees clean and beautiful. Tall trees should pay special attention not to interfere with overhead wires. The trunk branch point should be high, so as not to hang the vehicle, touch the pedestrian's head and hinder the driver's sight.

In addition, we should do a good job in pest control of street trees, and eliminate all kinds of overwintering insect sources by digging pupae and scraping skin. Insecticide should be sprayed on eggs or adults overwintering in trees, and branches, stems and leaves with pests and diseases should be treated in time (centralized fire or deep burial). Southeast China should take timely protective measures to prevent typhoons.

The root of the trunk should be well maintained and the water and fertilizer should be appropriate. Irrigation, intertillage and weeding shall be carried out in time to keep the ground soil around the trees loose and ventilated to prevent hardening and accumulation of ballastless soil and lime in the tree weir. Before winter, pour frozen water once, seal a weir about 30 cm high and paint it white. Take protective measures in time, such as erecting columns, fences or railings, to prevent people, livestock, machinery and vehicles from damaging trees. Dusty cities should spray tree crowns regularly, and snowy areas in winter should remove snow for evergreen trees in time.