Introduce Dai Zhulou in your own words.

Dai bamboo building is a typical Dai building. The lower floor is about seven or eight feet high and has four open fences. Cattle and horses are tied to posts. There is a terrace on the upper floor near the ladder, which becomes a long big room, separated from the master bedroom by a bamboo fence as an important place to store money; The rest is a large bay with a low roof, sloping sides, eaves, floors and generally no windows. If the eaves are slightly higher, there are small windows on both sides and doors at the back. In the center of the building is a fire pit that burns day and night. The roof is covered with thatch and the floors of beams, columns, doors and windows are all made of bamboo. Building is very easy, just cut big bamboo and gather neighbors to help each other in a few days; But it is also perishable and needs to be repaired after the rainy season every year.

Dai bamboo house Dai bamboo house is another kind of pillar house. Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, is the settlement of A Dai, and the terrain height difference changes greatly, with mountains in the north, plateaus in the east and plains in the west. The climate in the whole region is also very different. The altitude of mountain area is 1700 meters, which belongs to temperate climate. The plain is 750-900 meters above sea level and has a subtropical climate. Some valley plains only 500 meters above sea level belong to tropical climate. Most of the Dai people live in Pingba area, where there is no snow all year round and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is 265,438 0℃, regardless of the four seasons. So here, the dry column building is a very suitable form. Because bamboo is abundant in this area, many houses are built with bamboo, which is called bamboo house. With thick bamboo as the skeleton, bamboo strips as the wall, bamboo strips as the floor or wooden boards as the roof, there are 24 main columns. Therefore, the material of the invention is simple and the construction is convenient and quick.

Yunnan Dai people are related to Baiyue people of ancient Dai people. Mainly engaged in agriculture, mainly planting rice, believing in Hinayana Buddhism. The population is about 1025 128 in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Dai people have their own language. Dai people can not only sing and dance well, but also create splendid culture, especially Dai calendar, Dai medicine and narrative poems.

Chinese name Dai Lou

Daijiazhu Building, mbth

Dai (DA)

Wooden bamboo

catalogue

1 scenery

2 classification

3 structure

4 development

5 Legend

1 scenery

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Because the Dai people are in the subtropical zone, they still retain the habits of their ancestors.

Daijiazhulou

Daijiazhulou

From the bamboo house, live by the water. "So, the villages are all at the water's edge of Pingba, on both sides of the river by the stream, around lakes and marshes, and in places surrounded by bamboo forests and trees, there must be Dai villages. So there are still two or three hundred families living in the big stockade, and there are only one or twenty families in the small village. Houses are single buildings, surrounded by open spaces, and each family has its own yard. There are many earth-walled bungalows on the border of Longteng, and each house has three rooms, which are divided into bedroom and living room. This is obviously influenced by the Han people, and it is no longer an inherent form of the Dai people. The boundary of Sipu is all bamboo buildings and wooden frames, where people live above and livestock live below. The style is similar to a big tent, which is exactly the same as the "South Vietnamese Nest" recorded in Huainanzi, and it is also the "dry column" residence of the ancient Liao people who lived by trees and building blocks recorded in historical books. Toastmasters' houses are mostly made of wood instead of bamboo, and the style is still like bamboo buildings, only slightly higher. Instead of thatched roofs, the roofs are covered with tiles. In Xishuangbanna, Dai people can burn their own tiles, which are like fish scales, three inches square and only two or three minutes thin. There are hooks on one side of each tile, and bamboo strips are nailed horizontally on the rafters of the roof, with an interval of about two inches. Tiles are hung on bamboo strips like fish scales, and the roofs of Dai people can't climb up. If you need to replace the tiles, just put your hand under the rafters and break the tiles. Anyone who lives in this kind of house is a big family in the village, that is, Xuanwei yamen in the car. There are so many architectural styles, but the area is much larger than the common Dai folk wooden buildings. The whole building consists of 120 large wooden columns, which are more than ten meters long and seven or eight feet wide. The upstairs is divided into several rooms, surrounded by corridors, but no windows are opened, so it is dark, and the downstairs is empty, only 120 thick wooden columns are arranged neatly. This kind of houses where people live above and cattle and horses are raised below are common in southwest frontier areas, such as Hani, Jingpo, Yi, Miao, Yao and Li, and so are residential buildings, but the lower floors are mostly made of stone or mud. The bamboo building of the Dai nationality is empty on all sides of the lower floor. Every morning, when the cows and horses come out of the cowshed, they will remove the feces, so that people living in the upper floors will not be smoked by the dirty air. Dai bamboo building is well ventilated, warm in winter and cool in summer. The furniture at home is very simple, and most of it is made of bamboo. All the tables, chairs, beds, boxes, cages and baskets are made of bamboo. Every family has simple quilts and tents, and occasionally there are blankets, lead iron and other utensils imported from Myanmar. Only one set of farm tools and pot knives is used, and there are few redundancies. Pottery utensils are also very common, and the patterns of water tanks are all local. Dai bamboo houses are dam-shaped. Because of the hot and humid weather, most bamboo houses are surrounded by mountains and waters. Outside the village, banyan trees cover the sky and the air roots hang low; There are rows of bamboo buildings in the village, surrounded by bamboo fences and hidden in the shade; Manwell field Village and Ganlan Dam in Jinghong County are the standard types of Dai bamboo buildings in the dam area.

2 classification

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First, official bamboo architecture

The official bamboo building is spacious and tall, square, with a triangular pyramid roof, which is quite similar to the western "Gothic" building, with sawdust at the top. The whole bamboo building is supported by 20 to 24 thick wooden columns, which are built on stone piers, and some beams are carved in the shape of dragons or bows, which is the result of Buddhist culture, especially in temples and pavilions in Myanmar. The cross beam in the house passes through the column, and the structure is simple. After climbing the wooden ladder, it is the "palm room". The master room is a guest room, with a fireplace in the middle and two or three rooms on the side, which are the bedrooms of the master, the couple and the children. The official bamboo building guest room covers an area of about 30 square meters and can accommodate 10 to 20 people. The palm room is covered with mats, which is a place for enjoying the cool and spinning for women.

Second,

Daijiazhulou

Daijiazhulou

Baixingzhulou

Folk bamboo houses are the same as official bamboo houses, but they are smaller. The roof is covered with thatch, and wooden columns are not allowed to use the feet of stone piers, nor are they allowed to cross columns with beams, nor are they allowed to carve patterns.

Why do Dai people love bamboo houses rather than bungalows? In the Yuan Dynasty, Jing Li had already made a reply in the Annals of Yunnan. The book says: "There are all kinds of gold teeth ... and the weather is hot and humid, and there are many bamboo buildings. I live by the river and take ten baths a day." It turns out that the wonderful use of the bamboo house is that it can keep out the humidity below, keep out the heat above and be close to the river bank, and it can take ten baths a day.

The ancients said, "It is better to live without bamboo than to eat without meat". In this sense, the Dai people living in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan are the happiest people, because they not only live in a "bamboo" building, but also eat "bamboo" rice and drink "bamboo" wine, which is really more enjoyable than the gods. When I came to Banna, the most exciting thing was the bamboo forest and the beautiful and unique bamboo architecture hidden in the bamboo forest. From the appearance, it looks like a golden peacock with its screen open, like a dancing crane. The beautiful scenery makes people feel like they are in a dream.

3 structure

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Zhu building modeling

The shape of Dai bamboo building belongs to dry column building, and the roof is in the shape of "human". Xishuangbanna belongs to the tropical rain forest climate.

Daijiazhulou

Daijiazhulou

With heavy rainfall, the herringbone roof is easy to drain and will not cause water accumulation. Dai's bamboo buildings are generally two-story high-rise buildings. High-rise buildings are designed to prevent the ground from getting wet. The ground floor of the bamboo building is generally uninhabited and is a place for raising poultry. Upstairs is where people live. This floor is the center of the whole bamboo building. The interior layout is very simple, generally divided into two parts, a hall and a bedroom. The hall is located at the entrance of the wooden ladder, which is relatively open. There is a big bamboo mat in the middle, which is a place to entertain visitors and discuss things. There are balconies and corridors outside the hall. In the corridor of the balcony, there are Dai's favorite water tools, such as bamboo tubes and water tanks. There are also Dai women here. Generally, there is a fire pit in the hall, and a triangular bracket is placed on the fire pit to place cookers such as pots and kettles, which is the place for cooking. Walking in from the main room is a bedroom, separated by bamboo fences or wooden boards, and the bedroom floor is also covered with bamboo mats. This is a place where people can rest, and ordinary people are not allowed to enter. The whole bamboo building is very spacious, with large space, few shelters and excellent ventilation conditions, which is very suitable for the humid and rainy climate in Banna. The beams, columns, walls and fittings of the whole bamboo building are made of bamboo, and each part of the bamboo building has different meanings. Walking into the bamboo house is like walking into the history and culture of the Dai family. The owner of the bamboo house will tell you its meaning one by one. The pillar of the bamboo building is called "falling column", which is the most sacred pillar in the bamboo building. You can't pile things up at will, and sometimes they are wrapped in red silk. It is a symbol of protecting bamboo buildings from disasters. When building new buildings, people often put leaves under the pillars. It is said that this will make them stronger. In addition to the top beams and pillars, the bamboo building also has columns representing men and women. The thicker column in the middle of the bamboo building represents men, and the shorter column on the side represents women. The roof symbolizes the phoenix tail and the corner symbolizes the wings of the crane. ...

Information reflected by bamboo architecture

In the past, the rank and generation of Dai people were very strict, which was also obvious in the construction of bamboo buildings. For example, the pillars of the building where the elders live should not be less than 6 feet, and the building should be 6 feet higher than the bottom. The room is extremely spacious and bright without a word stand. There are also regulations for wooden ladders in bamboo buildings, which are generally above grade 9. The bamboo buildings of the younger generation are generally poor. First, the height is lower than the older generation. Secondly, the wooden ladder can only be below level 7, and the indoor structure is much simpler.

With the development of tourism, we can not only see the beautiful bamboo buildings in Yunnan, but also enjoy their unique styles in many tourist attractions. No matter where you are, as long as you walk into the bamboo building, it can be said that "the village is full of trees and flowers", and there will be different wonderful greetings for you.

4 development

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Changes of Dai bamboo houses

After liberation, especially in recent years, great changes have taken place in the Dai bamboo building. Most bamboo buildings have been changed into wooden buildings or bamboo buildings, and thatched roofs have been changed into wooden roofs or tile roofs. Wooden railings should also be installed around the palm room, which can overlook the path of the small garden. The building opens the glass windows and hangs beautiful curtains, which makes the ancient bamboo buildings have modern colors and different tastes.

Walking in Dai village, you can often see rows of tall cactus walls. Cactus covered with thorns may play a more effective role in protecting the family. In fact, the doors of Dai people are rarely locked. Therefore, the prickly cactus can only be an ornament carved by subtropical plants.

5 Legend

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According to legend, in ancient times, there was a brave and kind young man named Payasan in the Dai family.

Muti, he really wants to build a house for Dai's family so that they can no longer live in the wild. But he tried several times and failed. One day, it was raining heavily. He saw a puppy lying on the ground. It rained heavily, and the rain ran down the thick dog hair. Deeply inspired, he built a sloping shack. Later, the Phoenix flew in and waved to him, asking him to build the roof into a herringbone, and then suggested to Paya Samu that he should build the house into a two-story high-rise room with high feet. Paya Sammuti built a beautiful bamboo building for Dai family according to Phoenix's wishes. Later, it was handed down from generation to generation and became a beautiful and distinctive Dai bamboo building. This legend is still circulating in the mouth of the Dai family.