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The complete set of detailed information about ghost fire (natural phenomenon)

"Ghost fire" is a kind of "phosphorus fire", which usually occurs in rural areas and has more graves than in dry days in summer. But occasionally it appears in the city. Because human bones contain phosphorus, phosphine will be produced after the corpse decays. Phosphine has a low ignition point and can spontaneously ignite. When walking, it will drive it to move backwards (because of its high speed and low pressure). In retrospect, it was very scary, so it was called "ghost fire" by timid or superstitious people. The color of jack-o'-lantern changes with the color of elements contained in human body. We can often see three colors of jack-o'-lantern: green, blue and red. If there is a special color, it means that there are many trace elements in the body of the deceased.

Basic introduction Chinese name: Ghost Fire mbth: Hitodama alias: Phobos Pinyin: guǐ huǒ phenomenon explanation: phosphine spontaneous combustion phonetic notation: ㄨㄟㄛㄨㄛㄛㄛㄛㄨㄛ. Interpretation: phosphorus fire. Superstitious people think it is a ghost fire, so it is called a ghost fire. Source: Han Wang Yi's "Jiu Si Mourning the Year": "God is in the light, and ghosts are in the light." Qian Shu Guan revised the poem "Difficult to Walk": "Don't you see that the ancient emperor burned gold and alchemy, and ghosts flashed in the poplar." Example: Song Luyou's Notes on the Old Learning Temple, Volume 4: "When I was in my teens, I saw a ghost fire in the countryside at most." Wang's Ghost Hunting: Where is a Bunch: "Ghost fire flashes into the wild temple! The wild temples are full of ghost fires! " Don Lee and Su Xiaoxiao's Tomb: "Oil-walled cars treat each other for a long time. Cold light and green candle glory. " In Chinese, "cold green candle" refers to a ghost fire. Legend and folklore only know that this kind of flame appears in places where there are dead people, and it is flickering, so it is called "ghost fire", which is considered to be an ominous sign and a ghost phenomenon. There are legends about ghost fires all over the world. For example, in Ireland, the ghost fire originated from the later Halloween ghost fire, and there is also a story about the ghost fire in Andersen's fairy tales, "Ghost Fire Into the City". It is said that when German alchemist Brandt discovered phosphorus in 1669, he used the Greek word "jack-o 'lantern" to name this substance, but Greek can also be interpreted as "morning star". There is no evidence that he borrowed the meaning of "jack-o'-lantern" to name phosphorus. There are also many legends about ghost fires in China. Ghost fire is often mentioned in Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty, but people think it is Yan Luowang's ghost lamp. However, as early as the Southern Song Dynasty, some people had understood the relationship between phosphorus and the appearance of jack-o'-lantern. For example, Volume 4 of Lu You's Notes on the Old Learning Temple in the Southern Song Dynasty mentioned that "when I was a teenager, I was in the countryside at most, and the branches of wheat seedlings and rice ears often burned fire, and the color was blue, but I didn't see it in Russia." Beggars have been out for a long time. I don't believe that human blood is phosphorus. Today, I will never see it again. It's strange for people who see it. Ji Yun's Notes on Yuewei Caotang in Qing Dynasty even wrote: "Phosphorus is a jack-o 'lantern. "Japanese legendary ghosts also describe jack-o'-lantern. When painting these ghosts (especially those haunted in summer), they often draw a few jack-o'-lantern beside them. Japanese pronunciation of ghost fire in Japanese legend: Hitodama. Refers to the phenomenon that the human soul is accompanied by strange fire when it leaves the human body near death or just after death, also known as phosphorus fire. There are many legends about the phenomenon of ghost fire, some just left the human body, some saw it flying in the air with their own eyes, some flew to relatives' homes to tell them that they were dead, and some flew to specific places. The so-called specific places mostly refer to temples. In some areas of Nara Prefecture, it is said that before death, the ghost fire will go to Puguang Temple to pay homage. Aomori Prefecture, it is said that after the ghost fire broke away from the body, it went to settle in Mount Fear. For jack-o'-lantern, it is generally explained that the soul will go where it should go after death. Influenced by the legend of ghost fox in modern times, the image of ghost fire has become more and more specific, generally showing green or yellow, dragging a long tail. Is the cause really a "ghost fire"? Is it really the ghost of the deceased? No, people died, and all activities stopped. "Ghost fire" is actually phosphorus fire, which is a very common natural phenomenon. It is formed in this way: in addition to the vast majority of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the human body also contains other elements, such as phosphorus, sulfur and iron. Human bones contain more calcium phosphate. People are dead, bodies are buried in the ground to rot, and various chemical reactions are taking place. Phosphorus is converted from phosphate to phosphine. Phosphine is a gaseous substance with a low ignition point of only 40 degrees. Contact with air will burn at room temperature (ca3p2+6H2O = = 2ph3+3ca (OH) 2, PH3+2o2 = = h3po4). After phosphine is produced, it is emitted into the air along cracks or holes in the ground, and emits blue light after burning. This is phosphorus fire, also known as "ghost fire". Why is "ghost fire" more common on a midsummer night? This is because the weather is hot and the temperature is very high in summer. Because the ignition point is very low, it can spontaneously ignite when it meets oxygen. So there is a ghost fire phenomenon. Then why does "Jack-o 'lantern" chase people everywhere? As we all know, at night, especially when there is no wind, the air is generally still. Because the phosphorus fire is very light, if the wind or people pass by and drive the air to flow, the phosphorus fire will float with the air, even with the pace of people, it will be slow if you are slow, and it will be fast if you are fast; When you stop, because there is no power to drive the air, the air stops, and the "ghost fire" naturally stops. This phenomenon is by no means a ghost chasing people. That's because when you move, the air around your feet is fast and the air pressure is low, so the phosphorus fire will follow you under the action of atmospheric pressure. It is doubtful that the temperature in midsummer night is definitely not as high as that in daytime, so why can't it burn out in daytime and the temperature in rainy night is not higher than normal weather? So we need to add phosphorus fire. Scientific exploration: Ghost fire has been included in scientific exploration for only about 200 years, and these strange flames are no longer mysterious. 1. Scientific experiments have proved that ghost fire is actually the result of chemical reaction between gas produced by biological decomposition and oxygen in the air. The most important "suspicious molecule" in its composition is phosphine. This is a colorless gas, and its molecule is composed of two phosphorus atoms and four hydrogen atoms. P2H4, also known as bisphosphite, belongs to phosphine and is produced in the process of organic matter decay (which is why cemeteries or swamps are the main places where it haunts). Phosphine gives off a rotten fishy smell. Once it is released into the air, it will react with oxygen and burn. Second, of course, some scientists think that the chemical reaction may be due to the presence of methane. But according to the little evidence collected, the ghost fire is a kind of "cold fire", which is contrary to the combustion characteristics of methane. In addition, methane flame is light blue, while jack-o'-lantern is light yellow. This leads to another conclusion: the ghost fire is not the result of combustion, but another phenomenon: chemiluminescence. In this case, the energy released by the chemical reaction is not heat, but only visible light. In nature, this phenomenon is called bioluminescence, which exists in animals and plants. Third, the former Soviet physicist Kapicha explained that clouds, trees and buildings will generate a lot of charges under certain circumstances. The change of these charges can form electromagnetic waves with different wavelengths on the ground, and after reflection, it will cause interference between incident waves and reflected waves, thus generating standing waves parallel to the ground. There is a strong electric field in the wave suit of standing wave, which is enough to make air form plasma state or excited state, thus guiding substances such as atoms or molecules to emit light. This theory explains that ghost fires always occur at a height of 3 meters from the ground, first fixed, then suddenly disappeared, and then reappeared at a height of 6 meters from the ground. This is the continuous appearance of "ghost fire" in the first antinode and the second antinode of standing wave. A well-known example is fireflies. With the help of luciferase (an enzyme that accelerates chemical reaction), the fluorescein in the abdomen of fireflies reacts with oxygen to produce light in the courtship stage. There are many explanations for the phenomenon of "ghost fire". Scientists interpret it as the optical characteristics of plasma in the air in a strong magnetic field. No matter what kind of explanation, it failed to come up with the most scientific basis to elaborate. According to the combustion state of phosphine gas, the combustion state of any gas should be continuously and timely supplied, and the phosphine gas in the tomb is extremely small, and the chemical decomposition is also discontinuous in stages, so there is no scientific basis for maintaining continuous gas release. The combustion of phosphine gas is only an instant thing, and it can't form a long-term state of flame combustion, so there is no way for flame movement. There are many doubts about this statement. The other is the "ghost fire" phenomenon caused by the optical effect of plasma in the air under the high voltage field strength of electric field or magnetic field. However, this statement is not a scientific explanation. Different from the common "ghost fire" ideology. The height of "jack-o'-lantern" from the ground is variable and movable, and its shape is similar to a flame state. The optical effect of plasma is multi-faceted, regional and wide-ranging, and it is not limited to the area where the body is buried. The most unscientific explanation is: the phosphorescence phenomenon of a creature, the collective luminous effect composed of many fireflies appears in the cemetery, at least more than two. Second, in human remains, antiparticles of chemically decomposed substances collide with positive particles in space, resulting in a firelight effect formed by high-energy release. The high-energy magnetic field of human soul acts on the plasma in the air to produce the light cluster effect. After the death of four people, their souls will turn into spiritual fire to find a foothold for their future birthplace. Optical imaging characteristics of antimatter particles in human soul. Any explanation is not the final scientific judgment, and the phenomenon of "ghost fire" can only be concluded through the final scientific experiment. Theologians and scientists should respect science, and superstitious things should eventually have a scientific experimental conclusion. There are no ghosts in the world, only fire. The cause of fire is the change of material state. Ghosts are not terrible, people scare themselves. Nature's "fire" is a friend of human beings. Without the help of "fire", human beings cannot thrive. With "fire", mankind has today's prosperity.