8th grade Chinese Unit 4 Quality Examination Paper

The foundation of Chinese subject is reading. Although we want to cultivate children's abilities including listening, speaking, reading and writing, it is difficult to improve children's other abilities without reading as the basis. The following is the quality test paper of Unit 4 of 8th grade Chinese for your reference. Welcome to browse!

I. Accumulation and application (20 points)

1. The following sentence is incorrectly pronounced (3 points) ().

A. Many agricultural proverbs (yàn) handed down from ancient times contain abundant phenological knowledge (hóu).

B everywhere you go, there is a scene of grass decay, ready to meet the snowstorm in winter.

C. The maturity of fish nuclear exchange technology (shú) and the success of amphibian nuclear exchange (qρ) have excited a group of scientists engaged in seed cultivation.

D. The sunset is really beautiful, colorful and changeable (duān).

A. "Hou" should be read as "Hou u"

2. Find out the wrong words and correct them in the table in turn. (2 points)

When the sun goes down, there is no choice but natural selection.

The long grass warbler flies back, the snow melts, and it goes on and on.

A mispronounced or misspelled character.

correct

Answer:

Wrong word. I can't believe it.

Change your mind and strive for harmony.

3. The correct usage of idioms in the following sentences is (3 points) ()

A.there are no natural enemies of palm snakes here. Once it settles down in Hawaii, the birds on the island will be extinct.

The students were still talking to each other when the bell rang. But when they saw the strict head teacher, they all disappeared.

At the opening ceremony of the C sports meeting, the teams in our class held small red flags, which were colorful and beautiful.

D. At the sports meeting, the clothes he borrowed fit perfectly.

The original intention of "disappearing" in item A is not to speak in public and not to appear in public. The students here just don't talk or hide. Item c is inconsistent. The little red flag is just a color, and it can't be said to be "colorful". Item d is taken out of context, and "flawless" describes things (mostly poems, words, etc. ) Tight and flawless.

4. Among the following sentences, the one that is not bad is (3 points) ().

The phrase "crossing the road in Chinese style" is undoubtedly not a satire on China people's safety awareness and civilization awareness.

B in the internet age, even though we are close to the keyboard, we have alienated our families.

C. It is urgent to improve food safety laws and regulations, standardize food safety supervision mechanism and raise people's awareness of food safety.

D. when a person finds the starting point of life, it is equivalent to reducing the distance from success.

Analysis option C. If item A is improperly denied, the word "no" can be deleted; The related words in item B are inappropriate, and "even if item D is inappropriate," reduction "can be changed to" shortening ".

5. One of the following statements is incorrect (3 points) ()

A the topic of "natural language" is vivid, interesting and attractive through personification and metaphor.

B Wonderful Cloning introduces us to the scientific knowledge about cloning and reminds us to look at the development of science and technology in an all-round way.

C. "Dinosaurs Everywhere" strongly illustrates the truth that "different scientific fields are closely linked, and new discoveries in one scientific field will definitely have an impact on other fields" with an example in scientific research.

D "Biological Invaders" not only let us know some knowledge about the ecological environment, but also cultivate our scientific awareness of caring about the life around us. This is a rational exposition.

Analysis and choice D. "Biological invaders" introduces the knowledge that biological migration may cause harm to human beings through unnatural ways, rather than the knowledge about the ecological environment.

6. Some students said that it is the era of fast food culture, and reading popular works is more conducive to broadening our knowledge and broadening our horizons. The school will hold a debate on this issue. (6 points)

(1) If your class is the representative of the other party, what's your opinion?

(3 points)

(2) If you are the main debater representing the opposing side, please briefly state the reasons for supporting your point of view. Write at least two. (3 points)

The reason why you hold this view is:

Answer: (1) For example, reading classics is more conducive to improving our literacy.

(2) For example: ① Classic works are immortal works of a nation's traditional virtues and culture, which are helpful for us to establish a correct outlook on life and values. For example, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. (2) Classic works have inspirational function, which makes people excited and strong after reading, and helps to shape our sound personality. For example, how steel is tempered, who is who and so on.

Second, reading comprehension (40 points)

(1) Read the Language of Nature (excerpt) and complete questions 7 ~ 10. (13)

(1) What factors do phenology depend on?

② The first is latitude. The farther north the peach blossoms bloom, the later the migratory birds come. It is worth pointing out that the number of days of phenology difference between north and south varies with seasons. Chinese mainland has a remarkable climate, and Leng Xia is hot in winter. The temperature difference between north and south is great in winter, but not much in summer. In spring, early spring and late spring are different. For example, in March and April of early spring, Nanjing peach blossoms bloom 20 days earlier than Beijing, but by the end of spring and early May, Nanjing Robinia pseudoacacia only blooms 10 days earlier than Beijing. Therefore, in North China, it is often felt that spring is short, winter has passed and summer has arrived.

③ The difference of longitude is the second factor affecting phenology. All offshore areas are warmer in winter than inland areas at the same latitude, and colder in spring. Therefore, the arrival of spring in coastal areas is a few days later than that in inland areas. For example, the latitude of Dalian is about 1 south of Beijing, but in Dalian, forsythia and plum blossoms bloom one week later than Beijing. For example, Jinan apples bloom in mid-April or Grain Rain Festival, and Yantai will go for a long summer. The latitudes of the two places are similar, because Yantai faces the sea and spring comes late.

④ The third factor affecting phenology is the difference of competition. Phenological phenomena such as flowering of plants are late in spring and summer, and deciduous trees are early in autumn. However, the study of this factor should take into account special circumstances. For example, at the turn of autumn and winter, in clear Wan Li, the temperature at a certain height is inversely proportional to the height. This is called inversion layer. Because cold air is heavy, it flows to lower places on windless nights. This phenomenon is very obvious in autumn and winter in mountainous areas, especially in the morning of these two seasons. It is often found that there is frost at the foot of the mountain and frost at the mountainside. It is for this reason that it is very successful to introduce tropical crops into hillsides in hilly areas of South China, but it is not suitable at the foot of the mountain.

⑤ In addition, there is a difference between ancient times and modern times. According to a long-term phenological record in the south of England, the average flowering and flowering dates of seven trees in early spring from 174 1 750 are compared with the ten-year average from 192 1 to 1930, and it can be seen that the latter is 9 times earlier than the former. In other words, spring is nine days ahead of schedule.

7. The structure of ""is used in the selection. What is the order of explanation? . (2 points)

Analyze this problem and examine the ability to grasp the structure and order of explanation. The first paragraph is a questioning paragraph, which always leads to the following four explanations of the coming factors of phenology; When explaining the four factors, it is in the logical order from big to small.

A: It's always a separate logical order.

8. What is the explanation method of the underlined sentence in the second paragraph? What is its function? (4 points)

A:

Analyze this problem and investigate the grasp of the explanation method and its function. When answering questions, you can first master the explanation method of "Ru" and some numerical judgments, and then contact the influence of latitude on China's climate to understand its role.

Answer: This sentence uses examples, comparisons and figures. It accurately and concretely shows that the temperature difference between north and south is large in winter, and there is little difference in summer. Spring, early spring is different from late spring, which makes the article authentic.

9. The word "often" in paragraph (4) is well used, and it is often found that there is frost at the foot of the mountain and no frost at the mountainside. Tell me what is good about it. (4 points)

A:

Analyze this topic to examine the ability to analyze explanatory language. Understand the meaning of "Chang" first, and then analyze its expression effect combined with the content of the sentence.

A: "Chang" means "often", which means that this phenomenon often happens, but it does not necessarily happen, and there are exceptions. This reflects the accuracy of explanatory language.

10. Read the following two poems, briefly summarize the phenological phenomena in them, and point out the decisive factors of this phenology in the poems in combination with the above. (3 points)

Peach blossoms in Dalin Temple

Bai Juyi

In the world of April, the flowers have withered, and the peach blossoms in the ancient temples have just bloomed.

I want to find a place where my life is dying, but I don't know that it has been moved here.

Six songs under the plug (part one) (excerpt)

li po

The mountains in May are still full of snow, only cold, and the grass can't see the grass.

Spring can only be imagined in the flute "Folding Willow", but it has never been seen in reality.

(1) Peach blossom in Dalin Temple:

(2) the song of the plug:

Analyze this problem and examine the comprehensive analysis ability. To solve this problem, we must first understand the phenology mentioned in the poem, and then make a comparative analysis with the content of the selected text.

Answer: (1) Dalin Temple has a high terrain and blooms late. Height difference.

(2) There are still no flowers in Tianshan Mountain in May. Height difference or north-south (latitude) difference.

(2) (20 13 college entrance examination) Read the following text and answer the question 1 1 ~ 14. (14)

Wonderful saliva

① Saliva, commonly known as saliva and saliva, is a viscous liquid secreted by various glands in the oral cavity. There are three pairs of large salivary glands: parotid gland, submandibular gland and sublingual gland; The small ones are labial gland, lingual gland, buccal gland and palatal gland. Although the salivary gland is small, it is a diligent organ. An adult can secrete1000 ~1500ml saliva day and night. Saliva is actually one of the important substances to maintain human life activities.

Saliva has many functions. If there is no saliva in our mouth, it goes without saying that we can't swallow food, and even our mouths may not be open. Because our tongue can "run freely" in the mouth, it is entirely because saliva plays the role of "lubricating oil" in it. Once this "lubricating oil" is lost, the tongue will stick to the epidermis of the upper jaw or lower jaw, and then a whole set of "machinery" in our mouth will have to be shelved.

Saliva has antibacterial and clotting effects, so wounds in the mouth are often better than those in other places. Infection rarely occurs after tooth extraction or gum surgery. The main reason is that lysozyme in saliva has bactericidal ability, which can prevent bacteria from multiplying in the mouth. American scientists have found that saliva has a special chemical property-saliva growth factor, which can significantly shorten the wound healing time and stop bleeding.

In recent years, medical scientists have found that saliva can disinfect carcinogens in contaminated food. Japanese biochemists found that there are many immunoglobulins in saliva, which have extremely high cohesion to abnormal protein in food and can enhance the body's defense function. Lysozyme contained in saliva has a good detoxification effect on strong carcinogens such as aflatoxin, benzopyrene and nitrosamine. In other words, saliva is equivalent to a natural anticancer agent, which has the function of transforming carcinogens into harmless substances. It mixes aflatoxin, a carcinogen in moldy food, with itself, and then acts on cells in animals, making almost all toxic substances with strong carcinogenic effects disappear.

⑤ Ancient Chinese medicine said, "There is a Yuquan beside the white jade tooth, which has nurtured me for many years." It means that swallowing saliva often can lead to health and longevity. Medical experts have found that saliva also contains a hormone that can keep people young. This hormone is secreted by the parotid gland, one of the three salivary glands, and is called "parotid hormone". It can make people young because it can enhance the vitality of muscles, blood vessels, connective tissues, bones, cartilage and teeth, especially the elasticity of blood vessels and the vitality of connective tissues. As long as the parotid gland hormone is full, the functions of blood vessels and subcutaneous tissue (loose connective tissue) will be strengthened and the elasticity of skin will be maintained. The special function of saliva inspired cosmetics manufacturers, who developed "saliva cosmetics"-anti-wrinkle cream, facial cleanser and so on.

1 1. What does saliva do? (4 points)

A:

Analyze this problem and investigate the summary of the explanation. This paper mainly introduces the wonderful function of saliva, which can be summarized from paragraph 2 to paragraph 5.

Answer: Oral "lubricating oil" (lubricating the mouth) has antibacterial and blood coagulation effects; It can disinfect carcinogens in contaminated food and make people healthy and live longer (keep people young). (Answer only two points)

12.③ What is the explanation method for the underlined sentence? What's the role? (3 points)

A:

Analyze this problem and investigate the interpretation method and its function. The underlined sentences highlight the role of saliva by comparing the healing time of wounds in oral cavity and other places, which is impressive.

Answer: comparison. The comparison of wound healing time in oral cavity with that in other places highlights that saliva has antibacterial and coagulation effects.

13. Can the word "almost" in the sentence "almost all toxic substances with strong carcinogenic effect" in the fourth paragraph be deleted? Why? (3 points)

A:

Analyze this topic and investigate the language of the explanatory text. Judge whether it can be deleted according to the context, then answer the function of the word "almost" in the sentence, and finally answer the influence caused by deletion.

Answer: No, "almost" refers to the majority, indicating that most toxic substances with strong carcinogenic effects have disappeared, but not all. If you remove "almost", it will disappear completely, which is inconsistent with the facts. "Almost" reflects the accuracy of the interpretation language, so it cannot be deleted.

14. Do you know what wonderful phenomena exist in nature? Please give two examples. (4 points)

A:

Answer (example): Mimosa will close when touched; When you touch an itchy tree, the branches will swing; Cysticercus cellulosae will catch small insects; The chameleon will change its color according to the change of environment. (just write two points)

(3) (20 14 Xuhui Yimei) Read the following and complete the questions 15 ~ 19. (13)

doubt

Haze is a general term for fog and haze, and it is a general term for two similar and indistinguishable weather phenomena mentioned together.

(2) Fog is a weather phenomenon that the horizontal visibility drops below 1 000 meters due to a large number of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air near the ground; When the horizontal visibility is 1 000 ~ 10 000 meters, it is called light fog. Because the light scattered by fog composed of water droplets or ice crystals has little to do with the wavelength of light, the fog looks milky white or bluish white.

Haze is a phenomenon that dust, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, organic hydrocarbons and other particles in the air make the atmosphere turbid, and the visibility is less than10,000m. The smog composed of dust, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, organic hydrocarbons and other particles has a longer wavelength, so the smog looks yellow or gray.

④ Fog and haze often appear together. The relative humidity of air is an important basis for distinguishing fog from haze. Generally speaking, when the relative humidity is less than 80%, the deterioration of air visibility is caused by smog, and people are used to calling this weather haze. When the relative humidity is greater than 90%, the deterioration of air visibility is mainly caused by fog, which is usually called foggy day. When the relative humidity is between 80% and 90%, the deterioration of air visibility is caused by the mixture of fog and haze, which is generally called haze day.

⑤ In smoggy weather, PM2.5 is the "culprit". There are many main sources: first, road dust and construction dust; The second is automobile exhaust; Third, the waste gas pollution produced by factories; The fourth is the pollutants emitted by low-altitude coal burning during heating in winter; Fifth, the smoke and dust produced by the burning of biomass (straw and firewood) and garbage incineration.

⑥ These polluted particles, together with bacteria and viruses, are on water droplets, which have an impact on human respiratory tract and may cause acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis, pneumonia, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and other diseases. 1952 65438+In February, the fog in London, England lasted for a week, and smoke and dust accumulated at low altitude. During this period, 4,700 people died of respiratory diseases. After the fog dispersed, more than 8,000 people died in the fog, and the "fog disaster" shocked the world. People listed the fog disaster in London as one of the top ten natural disasters in the world in the 20th century. This is an example of obvious harm, and there are more.

⑦ In foggy days, reduce window opening, reduce going out, avoid cycling when going out, wear formal and qualified masks, and eat more foods that clear and moisten the lungs. But the most fundamental thing is to take measures to "reduce emissions and eliminate dust" from the source. This method can not only reduce the water vapor in the air caused by greenhouse gases, but also reduce the condensation nuclei in the air, thus controlling the frequent occurrence of smog. In this regard, London has set an example: 1956, Britain promulgated the Clean Air Act, which made a big fuss about "emission reduction and dust removal" and now it has achieved results. There used to be dozens of foggy days every year, but now it has dropped to five days, and the world-famous "foggy city" is no longer worthy of the name.

15. In paragraph 7, the specific meaning of adding the word "unworthy of its name" in the text is

Does not match. (2 points)

Answer: The "Fog City", named after more foggy days, is now less foggy and clean.

16. Can the word "often" added in paragraph (4) be removed? Please explain the reason. (3 points)

A:

Analyze this topic and investigate the language of the explanatory text. To answer this question, first answer yes or no, then explain the meaning of "Chang" in the context, realize whether the word "Chang" conforms to the actual situation, and finally point out that it reflects the accuracy of the interpretation language.

Answer: No, "often" means that in most cases, fog and haze appear together in most cases. In fact, there are also cases where fog and haze appear at the same time. The scope is limited here, which conforms to the actual situation and reflects the accuracy of the interpretation language.

17. What is the explanation method used in the underlined sentence in the sixth paragraph? , column number, its role is. (3 points)

Analyze this problem to examine the judgment and function of the explanation method. From the "This is an example with obvious harm" at the end of the underlined sentence, it can be judged that the graphic method is used to analyze the function from the harm of smog.

Answer: The example specifically and accurately shows that smog will harm people's health.

18. According to paragraphs ① to ④ of the article and the following two charts, judge the weather of 65438+February 5th, 6th and 65438+3rd in Xuhui District, and fill in the corresponding options on the horizontal line. (2 points)

65438+February 5? 65438+February 6? 65438+February 13

A. foggy days? B.smog? C. Hazy days

Answer: A, B, C and D.

19. Paragraphs ⑤ to ⑤ of this article are explained in turn. What is the order of explanation for the harm of smog? . (3 points)

Answer: the source of smog, the logical order of smog prevention and control.

Three. Writing (40 points)

20.(20 13 Yichang Senior High School Entrance Examination) A person's life is a process of continuous walking. Walking is not only walking on two legs, but also an attitude towards life and a spiritual journey. In our youth, we often walk in natural scenery, in streets and lanes, in art galleries, in the vast sea of books, in kindness and warmth ... We are either happy, or moved, or hesitant ... These colorful walking experiences make us feel, urge us to forge ahead and promote our growth.

Please use the phrase "walk in?" Write an article on this topic. Write your own walking experience, unique experience and sentiment.

Requirements: ① Complete the questions first. ② There should be no real names or place names in the text. ③ The number of words is about 600.

Writing tips This is a semi-propositional composition. When reviewing the questions, you can read the tips carefully, you can use phrases to complete the questions, or you can find another way and choose another phrase to complete the questions, such as Walking in Autumn, Walking in Memory, Walking on the Road of Youth and Walking in the Truth. The meaning of "walking" in the title is rich, which can be understood as the original meaning of "walking", but it is more important to write its deep meaning, that is, some kind of course you have experienced. In conception, we should not only write about the course of "walking", but also focus on the feelings and unique experiences in this course, which is the focus of writing and the theme to be expressed. In terms of material selection, we must select materials around the words (phrases) filled in the horizontal lines. The selected materials should be close to life and have their own true feelings, so that such materials can arouse readers' * * *.