Japan's geographical location, humanistic environment, natural environment and resources, topography, landforms, humanities and cultural characteristics.

Location: Japan is located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, an arc island country extending from northeast to southwest. It is separated from China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia by the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, the Korean Strait and the Sea of Japan. The land area is 377,880 square kilometers, including Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu and more than 6,800 other small islands. The territorial sea area is 3 10000 square kilometers. There is a territorial dispute with Russia over the "four northern islands" (called "South Kuril Islands" by Russia) and a territorial dispute with South Korea over Zhudao (called "Dokdo" by South Korea). Mountains and hills account for 7 1% of the total area. There are more than 160 volcanoes in China, of which more than 50 are active volcanoes, which is a world-famous earthquake zone. Mount Fuji is the highest mountain in China, with an altitude of 3776 meters. Hot springs are all over the country. The river flow in the territory is short, and the longest Xinnong River is about 367 kilometers long. The largest lake is Lake Biwa, with an area of 672.8 square kilometers. Because it is surrounded by the sea, it has a temperate maritime monsoon climate, which is mild and humid all year round, with no severe cold in winter and no heat in summer. There are many typhoons in summer and autumn, and it rains in June. 1 Monthly average temperature is -6℃ in the north and16℃ in the south; In July, it was 17℃ in the north and 28℃ in the south. The annual precipitation is 700-3500mm, and the maximum is over 4000mm. Human environment: 277.7 billion people (estimated by the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in June 2008, 65438+ 10/), including 62.33 million men; The number of women is 65.42 million. The phenomenon of declining birthrate and aging in Japan is serious. The population over 65 years old in Japan accounts for 2 1% of the total population in Japan.

Ethnicity and religion:

The main ethnic group is Hezhe, and there are about 24,000 Ainu people in Hokkaido. Japanese is widely used, and a few people in Hokkaido can speak Ainu. The main religions are Shinto and Buddhism, and the religious population accounts for 49.6% and 44.8% respectively. Natural environment:

1, topography

Japan is mountainous, and the mountains are distributed in the central part of Japan in a ridge shape, which divides Japan's territory into one side of the Pacific Ocean and one side of the Sea of Japan, and the mountains and hills account for 765,438+0% of the total area. Japan is located in the Pacific volcanic earthquake zone, with frequent volcanic activities, which has brought great troubles to the lives of local people. There are more than 160 volcanoes in China, of which more than 50 are active volcanoes, which is a world-famous earthquake zone. This is why it is called the land of volcanic earthquakes. Mount Fuji is the highest mountain in China, with an altitude of 3776 meters. In the volcanic distribution area, with beautiful scenery and rich hot spring resources, it has become a famous tourist attraction.

2. Rivers, plains and lakes

Most rivers in Japan originate in the central mountainous areas and flow eastward and westward into the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan. Because Japan is long and narrow from east to west, the mountains are steep and the rivers are short and urgent. In rainy season and typhoon season, the amount of water increases, which is easy to form floods. To this end, Japan has built a large number of flood control dams and reservoirs. River water is widely used for domestic water, agricultural and industrial water and hydropower generation. The plains in Japan are mainly distributed in the downstream coastal areas of rivers, mostly alluvial plains, with a small scale. The larger plains include Kanto Plain, Shikai Plain, Yuehou Plain, Houwei Plain and Shi Sheng Plain.

The largest lake is Lake Biwa, with an area of 672.8 square kilometers.

3. Coastline and Ocean

Japan's coastline is 33,889 kilometers long. As Japan is an island country, its coastline is very complicated. There are many cliffs in the Sea of Japan in the west, few ports, and many estuaries in the Pacific Ocean in the east, forming many natural ports.

In the East Pacific Ocean, it is surrounded by the Japanese warm current (Kuroshio) from south to north, and the Kuroshio cold current (pro-tide) forms in the northeast. In the West Sea of Japan, there are warm currents and Riemann cold currents flowing to Malaysia. At the intersection of cold current and warm current, there are abundant fish resources and become natural fishing grounds. Because it is surrounded by the sea, it has a temperate maritime monsoon climate, which is mild and humid all year round, with no severe cold in winter and no heat in summer. There are many typhoons in summer and autumn, and it rains in June. 1 Monthly average temperature is -6℃ in the north and16℃ in the south; In July, it was 17℃ in the north and 28℃ in the south. The annual precipitation is 700-3500mm, and the maximum is over 4000mm. In recent years, El Nino, which has caused the sea water to warm, has also had an impact on Japan, mainly because the duration of plum rains is prolonged, and it is easy to form Leng Xia and warm winter. 4. Geomorphology and Geology

From the point of view of plate tectonics, Japan is located at the extinction boundary of Asia-Europe plate and Pacific plate, and it is a part of the combination of island arc, coastal mountains and trenches in the western Pacific. 68% of this country is mountainous. The highest mountain in Japan is the famous Mount Fuji, with an altitude of 3776 meters. Because there are few plains, crops are planted on many mountains in Japan, and the largest plain is Kanto Plain. Japan is located in the volcanic seismic belt around the Pacific Ocean. One tenth of the world's volcanoes are located in Japan, and volcanic activities often occur all over the country. There will be several major earthquakes every century; The Hanshin earthquake and the Sino-Vietnamese earthquake in Niigata Prefecture in recent years are both strong earthquakes with magnitude above 6 on the Richter scale, which have attracted the attention of all countries in the world. There are many hot springs in Japan, which have developed into tourist attractions.

Because Japan's islands extend to the northeast for a long time, and the north and south span about 20 degrees latitude, there are many climate types. Most of the climate types are temperate monsoon climate, while Kyushu Island, Shikoku and Ryukyu Islands in the south are subtropical monsoon climate. The northern islands are warm in summer, long and cold in winter, and often have a lot of snowfall. In the central and western regions, it is dry in winter, seldom snows, and humid in summer.

Japan is an island country, deeply influenced by Kuroshio, with remarkable maritime climate and beautiful cherry blossoms.

5. Japanese climate

Japan is deeply influenced by Kuroshio, pro-tide and other ocean currents, with obvious maritime climate and small annual temperature difference. The climate in most parts of Japan is mild. However, due to the long-term extension of Japan's islands from southwest to northeast, and the difference between north and south latitudes is about 20 degrees, there are still great differences in climate throughout the country, which can be divided into six climatic zones, namely:

Climate in Hokkaido: Hokkaido is not affected by plum rains, and the rainfall is less than that in other parts of Japan. Summer is short and cool; Winter is long and cold.

Japan's coastal climate: the range is the western coastal area of Honshu Island. Winter is controlled by Siberian high, and the northwest wind blows. At the same time, because the warm current in winter brings a lot of water vapor to the horse current passing through the Sea of Japan, it often snows heavily. There is less precipitation in summer, and sometimes there is abnormal high temperature due to foehn.

Central plateau climate: typical inland climate. It is cold in winter and cool in summer. There is a great temperature difference between winter and summer and day and night. Low rainfall

Pacific side climate: including the east coast of Honshu, Shikoku and most parts of Kyushu. Influenced by the southeast monsoon in summer, there are many strong typhoons in Meiyu period. In winter, there is less snowfall.

Seto Inland Sea Climate: Including Yang Shan, Shikoku, Feng Jingen and parts of Kyushu. The weather here is often sunny, with little rainfall and suffering from drought from time to time.

Climate of Nanxi Islands: The range is Ryukyu Islands. It belongs to subtropical climate, with hot summer and warm winter. Rainstorm. Typhoons often strike in summer. Resource status: Japan is the country with the greatest dependence on foreign countries because of its small territory and lack of resources. The domestic consumption market is limited, but the coastline is long and there are many estuaries in the East Pacific Ocean, forming many natural ports. Therefore, most industries in Japan are mainly concentrated in the "Pacific coastal industrial belt". One is to facilitate the import of resources and reduce freight (shipping is cheaper), and the other is to facilitate export, save time and expand overseas markets. Cultural characteristics: During the period of 1000, Japan absorbed a large number of China and Tang Wenhua. 1868 Tokugawa regime collapsed,

After Meiji Restoration, Japan entered a period of "civilization". In the meantime,

Before 1 1 century, the Japanese introduced western civilization according to the method of completely accepting China culture, and achieved great results.

It laid the foundation for building a modern country. The formation and development of any culture are influenced by many factors.

History at home and abroad, as well as Buddhism, Confucianism and even Christianity have all played a role in Japanese culture, and Japan is changing.

But it has never really broken away from its oldest local cultural roots.