Skills of answering geography questions in college entrance examination: a complete set of universal templates

General answer template for high school geography big questions.

Many people don't know how to improve their grades when writing geography questions, and often lose points in geography answers. Let's look up the dictionary and the college entrance examination network to introduce the answering skills of high school geography questions for your reference!

General answering skills of high school geography big questions

1. A geographical description of a place? Standard template, playing cards according to the rules

(1) Absolute position (land and sea position, latitude and longitude position, hemisphere position, latitude zone position, temperature zone position)

(2) Relative position and adjacent position (located in XX direction of XX area, bordering, bordering, connecting with XXXXXX area in the east, west, north and south)

Expand the question type to evaluate geographical location? 20 16 this year's topic trend

(1) Latitude and longitude position (cross-latitude zone, hot zone)? Climate? Agriculture (species, growth period and mature system)

(2) Land and marine location (precipitation, marine transportation, marine resources development)

(3) Adjacent locations (adjacent on land)? Business, international cooperation and division of labor (for example, the Pearl River Delta is located on the southern coast of China, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, and close to Southeast Asia, which is conducive to opening to the outside world, etc. )

(4) Traffic location (land and sea traffic)? Freight, logistics, entrepot trade, commerce and trade, hinterland

(5) Economic status? Attract capital and technology introduction; Scientific research and technological development; International cooperation and division of labor

(6) Political stance? Political center or regional administrative center

2. Description of topographic features? Standard template, playing cards according to the rules

(1) The terrain types are diverse or single, with XX, XX and XX as the main terrain;

(2) the terrain is undulating (small), and the terrain is XX high and XX low;

(3) Distribution of main terrain types

(4) Special landforms (if any, it must be said): coastline, karst landforms, desert Gobi, glacier landforms, volcanoes, etc.

The influence of topography on geographical elements = climate+river+soil+agriculture+industry+transportation+city.

3. The fifth reading of isoline topic? Spike multiple choice questions

(1) Look at the title of the picture? Make clear the type of isoline (20 16 college entrance examination may introduce new isoline elements).

(2) Read the value? Pay attention to the value and the key words in the title? Maximum? 、? Lowest? Vocabulary, etc. When taking the college entrance examination, you must draw the key points purposefully and use the formula correctly. Special emphasis is placed on local scope here. Closed? This place.

(3) What is reading density? Reflect the size of the horizontal gap (such as slope, temperature difference, wind force, spatial difference, etc.). )

(4) Read the convex direction? This is also the focus of the proposition. Convex height or convex low height? Is it convex high or convex low? It will often become the favorite thing in the exam.

(5) Reading extension direction? It is also a test method to examine the influencing factors of a geographical element through the carrier of isoline.

4. Calculation of local time? Find the key, round off the estimate, and guess the right option in a few seconds.

(1) When the first step is to find a known place through graphic information? This is the key to solving the problem.

(2) The second step is to define the formula and see whether it is east or west, plus or minus. This topic has changed a little. Pay special attention to the topic with voyage, and be sure to add the sailing time, otherwise the topic will fall into a trap, with incomplete elements and wrong answers.

5. What is the date line? Get the solution in two steps.

(Question notification information? In the world, on the same day, a new day and an old day, and so on. )

(1) Step 1, draw a profile.

(2) Step 2, find the zero meridian.

In this way, you can get the right options from the topic.

High school geography answer must recite the template 1. Discussion on contour topographic map

(1) The dam site of the reservoir is selected in the river canyon for the following reasons:

(1) is located in the canyon, which is beneficial to dam construction; (2) The topography of the basin has a large water storage capacity.

(2) Reasons for location selection of traffic lines (railways and highways):

Sparse contour lines, gentle terrain slope, short construction period, less investment and easy construction.

(3) Determine a certain place as a basin, and judge the reasons:

Rivers converge to the middle, indicating that the terrain is low in the middle and high around.

(4) The reason why the water diversion project chooses a certain location is that the terrain is high, and the river can flow naturally along the terrain.

5] Choose a place as a terrace for the following reasons:

The terrain is gentle and the slope is small. Reclaiming terraced fields here can not only expand the cultivated land area, but also be beneficial to soil and water conservation, realize the unity of ecological, economic and social benefits and realize sustainable development.

[6] Choose the route to climb the mountain, because the contour line is sparse, the terrain slope is small, and it is easy to climb the mountain.

2. Small topic of marine resources

(1) Fishery resources are concentrated in temperate coastal continental shelf waters for the following reasons:

(1) continental shelf waters, with shallow seawater, abundant sunshine and strong photosynthesis;

(2) The confluence of cold current and warm current or the flooding of cold seawater in winter will bring nutrients from the seabed to the surface;

(3) Rivers entering the sea bring rich nutrients; Flourishing plankton and sufficient bait are easy to form a large fishing ground.

⑵ Distribution law of seabed mineral resources: ① Coastal placer in coastal zone: sand, shells and other building materials and metal minerals.

② Shallow sea bottom of continental shelf: oil, natural gas and mineral resources such as coal, sulfur and phosphorus.

③ Basin: deep-sea manganese nodules (mainly concentrated in the North Pacific)

3. Small topic of salinity and ocean current

(1) the highest salinity is the red sea, because:

① Located in the subtropical sea area, the precipitation is scarce and evaporation is vigorous.

(2) Surrounded by tropical desert areas, lacking river injection.

(2) The lowest salinity is in the Baltic Sea for the following reasons:

① Located at higher latitude, with low temperature and weak evaporation.

② Surrounded by temperate maritime climate zone, fresh water is injected.

(3) The reason why Balkhash Lake is salty in the east and weak in the west:

① East: located inland, with scarce precipitation and intense evaporation; Lack of river injection.

② West: There is river injection, which plays a diluting role.

③ The narrow middle part is not conducive to the exchange of water bodies on both sides, resulting in a great difference in salinity between the two sides.

(4) Horizontal distribution law of salinity in surface seawater of the world:

It decreases from the subtropical waters in the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere to the low latitudes and high latitudes on both sides respectively. 5] to judge the nature of an ocean current as a cold (warm) current, the judgment reason is:

Temperature: the temperature of the sea area where ocean currents flow is lower (higher) than that of other sea areas at the same latitude.

Direction: From higher (lower) latitude to lower (higher) latitude.

4. Small topics about rivers and traffic

(1) Changes of the names of the China South Flowing River at home and abroad;

Yuanjiang-Honghe-Lancang-Mekong River

Nujiang-salween Yarlung Zangbo River-Yarlung Zangbo River

(2) The reasons why rivers in Western Europe have great shipping value:

Rivers are rich in water, stable in water level, low in sediment concentration, ice-free, and of great shipping value.

(3) ob river (Yenisei River and Lena River) is of little shipping value:

High latitude, long freezing period, ice phenomenon.

⑷ Significance of polar route development: shortening voyage, saving time and effort.

5] southwest China is rich in hydropower, mainly because:

① Located in humid area, with abundant precipitation and large runoff;

② Located at the junction of the first and second steps, the river has a large drop.

Variant: The Three Gorges area is rich in hydropower, mainly because:

① Located in humid area, with abundant precipitation and large runoff;

② Located at the junction of the second and third steps, the river has a large drop.

[6] The significance of Nanning-Kunming railway construction:

Economic significance: ① It is beneficial to resource development and material export.

(2) It is conducive to giving full play to the economic radiation function of railways and promoting the development of export-oriented economy.

(3) It is conducive to developing tourism resources and promoting the development of the tertiary industry.

Political significance: ① It is conducive to consolidating national unity.

(2) is conducive to speed up the southwest poverty alleviation.

(3) Conducive to social stability;

Strategic significance: ① It is conducive to speeding up opening to the outside world and developing export-oriented economy.

(2) It is conducive to consolidating national defense and defending the frontier.

The significance of trans-siberian railway once built by Russia;

(1) Strengthen the economic ties between the east and the west and promote material exchanges;

(2) Accelerate the development of resources and turn resource advantages into economic advantages;

5. Small Topics of Geology and Topography

(1) The discovery of abundant coal in the Antarctic (there is abundant oil buried in the Arctic) shows that:

The Antarctic (Arctic) region was once located in a warm and humid area with dense forests, and then drifted here through the mainland, which is a strong evidence of plate tectonic theory.

(2) Reasons for the formation of Congo Basin:

Congo basin used to be an inland lake, which was formed by crustal uplift, river undercutting and lake outflow.

(3) Causes of the Dead Sea (Lake Baikal, Lake Tanganyika, Fenhe River Basin and Weihe River Basin): internal force-fault subsidence.

(4) The causes of the five major freshwater lakes in North America (European fjords and lakes): external force-glaciation.

(5) The formation of Lushan (Huashan and Taishan): mountains.

[6] Topographic features of seven continents:

Asia: ① The terrain is complex and changeable, with ups and downs, and the plateau and mountainous areas are wide;

The terrain is high in the middle and low around, and the plains are mostly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of rivers;

Non-continental: ① the terrain is mainly plateau, and the horizon is not large;

(2) A huge East African Rift Zone runs through the east;

③ Topographic features: high in the southeast and low in the northwest.

Europe: ① Europe is dominated by mountains and plains, with a vast plain area, accounting for 2/3 of the total area;

② The terrain is low and flat, which is the lowest continent in the world (300m), with high terrain in the north and south and low terrain in the middle;

③ Glacial landforms are widely distributed.

North America: ① The terrain is high in the east and low in the west;

(2) There are three topographical regions, namely, mountains in the west, mountains and plateaus in the east and plains in the middle;

③ Glacial landforms are widely distributed in the northern half of the mainland.

South America: ① The west is the Andes running through the north and south;

(2) The eastern plains and plateaus are arranged alternately.

Yangzhou: ① The terrain is low and flat. The surface is gentle and undulating;

(2) The terrain is north-south vertical belt, with mountains in the east, plains in the middle and highlands in the west.

Antarctic continent: ① the continent with the highest average altitude in the world (2350 m);

(2) Continental glaciers are widely distributed, with an average thickness of 2,000 meters and diverse subglacial topography.

Causes of serious geological disasters in southwest China;

Natural reasons: ① the mountainous area is vast, the rocks are broken and the weathering is serious; ② The dry and wet seasons are distinct, and the rainstorm is concentrated;

③ The crustal movement is strong and faults are developed in the mountain.

18 college entrance examination geography big questions must be memorized 20 19 college entrance examination geography general template.

Geography in college entrance examination is a difficult subject for many liberal arts students, and geography is also called the most difficult science subject in liberal arts. Look it up in the dictionary below. I have compiled a template for answering the big geography questions in the college entrance examination for your reference!

20 19 general geography template for college entrance examination

A, contour topographic map

(1) The dam site of the reservoir is selected at the river canyon.

Reason:

(1) is located in the canyon, which is beneficial to dam construction;

(2) The topography of the basin has a large water storage capacity.

(2) Transportation lines (railways, highways)

Sparse contour lines, gentle terrain slope, short construction period, less investment and easy construction.

(3) Select a certain site for the water diversion project.

Reason: Because of the high terrain, the river can flow naturally along the terrain.

(4) Choose a place as a terrace.

Reason: The terrain is gentle and the slope is small. Reclaiming terraced fields here not only expands the cultivated land area, but also benefits soil and water conservation, realizes the unity of ecological, economic and social benefits and realizes sustainable development.

Second, the ocean.

(1) Fishery resources are concentrated in temperate coastal continental shelf waters.

(1) continental shelf waters, with shallow seawater, abundant sunshine and strong photosynthesis; (2) The confluence of cold current and warm current or the flooding of cold seawater in winter will bring nutrients from the seabed to the surface; (3) Rivers entering the sea bring rich nutrients; Flourishing plankton and sufficient bait are easy to form a large fishing ground.

(2) Salinity and ocean currents

The highest salinity is the Red Sea. The reasons are as follows: ① Located in subtropical sea area, precipitation is scarce and evaporation is vigorous. ② Lack of river injection.

The lowest salinity is the Baltic Sea. The reasons are as follows: ① Located at higher latitude, the temperature is low and evaporation is weak. ② Surrounded by temperate maritime climate zone, fresh water is injected.

(3) It is judged that the ocean current is cold (warm).

Temperature: The temperature of ocean current flowing through this sea area is lower (higher) than that of the sea area at the same latitude.

Direction: From higher (lower) latitude to lower (higher) latitude.

Three. Rivers and traffic

(1) The reason for the large flow of the Amazon River.

① Located near the equator, affected by equatorial depression, there are more updrafts and abundant precipitation; (2) The plain terrain and the terrain with three sides open to the east are favorable for the entry of Atlantic water vapor; (3) After entering inland, water vapor is lifted by plateaus and mountains, mostly topographic precipitation; ④ The basin area is vast, and the surface water is collected on three sides of the Amazon River.

(2) that main reason why southwest China is rich in hydropower.

① Located in humid area, with abundant precipitation and large runoff; ② Located at the junction of the first and second steps, the river has a large drop.

(3) The significance of XXX railway construction

Economic significance: ① It is beneficial to resource development and material export. (2) It is conducive to giving full play to the economic radiation function of railways and promoting the development of export-oriented economy. (3) It is conducive to developing tourism resources and promoting the development of the tertiary industry.

Political significance: ① It is conducive to consolidating national unity. (Applicable to ethnic minority areas) ② It is conducive to speeding up poverty alleviation. (Applicable to poverty-stricken areas) ③ Conducive to social stability;

Strategic significance: ① It is conducive to speeding up opening to the outside world and developing export-oriented economy. (2) It is conducive to consolidating national defense and defending the frontier. (Applicable to border areas)

Four. Geological topography

(1) Formation of Congo Basin: The Congo Basin was originally an inland lake, which was formed by the uplift of the crust, the downward cutting of rivers and the outflow of lake water.

(2) Causes of the Dead Sea (Lake Baikal, Lake Tanganyika, Fenhe River Basin and Weihe River Basin): internal force-fault subsidence.

(3) The formation of Lushan Mountain (Huashan Mountain and Taishan Mountain): a mountain block.

(4) Serious causes of geological disasters in Southwest China.

Natural reasons: ① the mountainous area is vast, the rocks are broken and the weathering is serious; ② The dry and wet seasons are distinct, and the rainstorm is concentrated; ③ The crustal movement is strong and faults are developed in the mountain.

Man-made reasons: ④ Destruction of vegetation.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) natural disaster

(1) flood

Natural reasons: ① southwest monsoon (climate type depends on the location) is strong, with abundant rainfall and abundant precipitation; ② Low terrain and poor drainage; ③ Relevant rivers enter flood season;

Man-made reasons: high population density, more vegetation destruction in the upper reaches and serious soil erosion.

(2) Drought

Spring drought in North China; Reasons: the temperature rises rapidly in spring and evaporation is vigorous; Precipitation is scarce.

(3) The main distribution of drought and flood disasters in China.

Eastern monsoon region; Cause: The subtropical high is unstable, and the seasonal and interannual changes in Xia Feng are great.

(4) Water shortage in North China

① Natural reasons: temperate monsoon climate, less annual precipitation and small river runoff; The variability of precipitation is large; Evaporation is very strong in spring.

② Human factors: dense population, developed industry and agriculture, and large water demand; Serious water pollution; Too much waste and low utilization rate; Water consumption for spring planting is large in spring.

③ Control measures: a. South-to-North Water Transfer Project; B. building a reservoir; C. controlling population and improving quality; D. reducing water pollution; Reduce waste and improve utilization rate; E. restricting the development of water-intensive industries; F develop water-saving agriculture, adopt drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation technology, and improve the utilization rate; G. implement water price adjustment and establish water-saving consciousness; Desalination of seawater, etc.

(5) Reasons for the shrinking area of the Dead (Salty) Sea:

① Located in the tropical desert climate zone (inland hinterland), precipitation is scarce and evaporation is vigorous. (natural causes)

(2) The Jordan River is used for industry and agriculture (expanding cotton fields and using the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers for irrigation), which reduces the river runoff flowing into the Dead Sea (Aral Sea). (socio-economic reasons)

18 kinds of reservoir dam construction that must be backed by the college entrance examination geography is selected in the river canyon for the following reasons:

(1) is located in the canyon, which is beneficial to dam construction; ② The topography of the basin has a large water storage capacity.

(2) Reasons for location selection of traffic lines (railways and highways):

Sparse contour lines, gentle terrain slope, short construction period, less investment and easy construction.

⑶ Determine a certain place as a basin, and judge the reason: rivers converge to the middle, indicating that the terrain is low in the middle and high around.

(4) The reason for choosing a certain place for the water diversion project is that the terrain is high and the river can flow naturally along the terrain.

5. The reason why a certain place is chosen as a terrace is because the terrain is gentle and the slope is small. Reclaiming terraced fields here not only expands the cultivated land area, but also benefits soil and water conservation, realizes the unity of ecological, economic and social benefits and realizes sustainable development.

[6] Choose the route to climb the mountain, because the contour line is sparse, the terrain slope is small, and it is easy to climb the mountain.

The highest salinity is the Red Sea for the following reasons:

① Located in subtropical sea area, precipitation is scarce and evaporation is vigorous.

(2) Surrounded by tropical desert areas, lacking river injection.

(2) The lowest salinity is in the Baltic Sea for the following reasons:

① Located at higher latitude, with low temperature and weak evaporation.

② Surrounded by temperate maritime climate zone, fresh water is injected.

(3) The reason why Balkhash Lake is salty in the east and weak in the west:

① East: located inland, with scarce precipitation and intense evaporation; Lack of river injection

② West: There is river injection, which plays a diluting role.

Topographic features of seven continents:

Asia:

① The terrain is complex and changeable, with ups and downs, and the plateau mountainous area is wide;

The terrain is high in the middle and low around, and the plains are mostly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of rivers;

Africa:

(1) The terrain is mainly plateau, and the ground elevation is not large;

(2) A huge East African Rift Zone runs through the east;

③ Topographic features: high in the southeast and low in the northwest.

Europe:

(1) Europe is dominated by mountains and plains, with a vast plain area, accounting for 2/3 of the total area;

② The terrain is low and flat, which is the lowest continent in the world (300m), with high terrain in the north and south and low terrain in the middle;

③ Glacial landforms are widely distributed.

North America:

① The terrain is high in the east and low in the west;

(2) There are three topographical regions, namely, mountains in the west, mountains and plateaus in the east and plains in the middle;

③ Glacial landforms are widely distributed in the northern half of the mainland.

South America:

(1) The Andes extend from north to south in the west;

(2) The eastern plains and plateaus are arranged alternately.

Oceania:

① The terrain is low and flat. The surface is gentle and undulating;

(2) The terrain is north-south vertical belt, with mountains in the east, plains in the middle and highlands in the west.

Antarctica:

① The continent with the highest average altitude in the world (2350m);

(2) Continental glaciers are widely distributed, with an average thickness of 2,000 meters and diverse subglacial topography.

Causes of serious geological disasters in southwest China;

Natural reasons: ① the mountainous area is vast, the rocks are broken and the weathering is serious;

② The dry and wet seasons are distinct, and the rainstorm is concentrated;

③ The crustal movement is strong and faults are developed in the mountain.

Man-made reasons: ④ Destruction of vegetation.

Water shortage in northern China:

Reason:

① Natural reasons: temperate monsoon climate, less annual precipitation and small river runoff; The variability of precipitation is large; Evaporation is very strong in spring.

② Human factors: dense population, developed industry and agriculture, and large water demand; Serious water pollution; Too much waste and low utilization rate; Water consumption for spring planting is large in spring.

Governance measures:

① South-to-North Water Diversion Project;

(2) building a reservoir;

③ Controlling population and improving quality;

④ Reduce water pollution; Reduce waste and improve utilization rate;

⑤ Restrict the development of high water consumption industries;

⑥ Develop water-saving agriculture and adopt drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation technology to improve utilization rate;

⑦ implement water price adjustment and establish water-saving consciousness; 8 seawater desalination, etc.

Being dead (salty) sea area shrinking reasons:

① Located in the tropical desert climate zone (inland hinterland), precipitation is scarce and evaporation is vigorous. (natural causes)

(2) Introducing the Jordan River into industry and agriculture (expanding cotton fields and irrigating the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers) has reduced the river runoff (socio-economic reasons) flowing into the Dead Sea.

The reason for the humid climate in Latin America: it is located on both sides of the equator and surrounded by vast oceans.

⑵ Reasons for the landscape differences between the east and west sides of the southern section of the Andes: Due to the influence of the Andes, the precipitation on the east and west sides of the mountains is very different.

The reason why Africa lacks temperate maritime climate: Africa is an ocean with the same latitude.

(4) The reason why tundra zone is missing in the southern hemisphere: The same latitude in the southern hemisphere is the ocean.

5] Near the Tropic of Cancer, Africa has a tropical desert climate and South Asia has a tropical monsoon climate.

The subtropical monsoon climate in southeastern China and other climatic reasons are: North Africa is affected by subtropical high and trade winds from the mainland, which is hot and dry all the year round,

South Asia is affected by tropical monsoon, while southeast China is affected by subtropical monsoon.

Summary: The climate difference between the east and west coasts of the mainland near the Tropic of Cancer and its reasons:-The land and sea positions are different from the atmospheric circulation situation.

The drought and flood disasters in China are mainly distributed in the eastern monsoon region. Cause: The subtropical high is unstable, and the summer wind changes greatly in season and year.

(7) The main reasons for more precipitation in the south and less precipitation in the north are: the rainy season in the south comes early and goes late, and the rainy season lasts for a long time; The rainy season in the north is shorter.

The weather in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is generally summer drought (the best answer)

(Because it's been a few years? Empty plum? Phenomenon, so plum rain is not the best answer)

(9) Why does the tropical mountain environment of the Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon advance northward by 5-6 latitudes compared with other parts of the northern hemisphere?

(1) The Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon is basically north-south, with the northern part blocked by mountains and the mouth of the valley facing south, forming a huge warm and humid airflow channel;

(2) In the summer half year, the strong southwest monsoon brought a lot of warm and humid air from the Indian Ocean and penetrated into the Grand Canyon, which made the isotherm at the bottom of the canyon move northward obviously compared with the same latitude.

⑽ The reasons for the large temperature difference between north and south in winter in China are: the latitude span in China is large, and the direct point of the sun in winter is in the southern hemisphere. The farther south of China is, the higher the sun is and the longer the days are, so the more solar radiation you get. Frequent southerly winds in winter have a great influence on northern China.

⑾ The reasons for the high temperature in summer in China are as follows: The direct point of the sun is in the northern hemisphere. Although the height of the sun at noon in the north is smaller than that in the south, the daytime is longer than that in the south, and the solar heat obtained is not much less than that in the south.

⑿ The reason why the winter temperature in China is lower than that in other parts of the same latitude is: by the powerful Mongolia? Siberian cold high (or winter wind).

[13] The reason why the temperature in India is higher than that in China at the same latitude is that the mountain barrier (the tall Himalayas block the cold air from the south).

14. The reason why the maritime climate in Europe is bigger than that in North America is that Europe lacks tall mountain systems extending from north to south, and the westerly wind from the ocean can go deep into the mainland. Affected by topography and ocean currents, the west coast of Europe is greatly affected by warm currents.

⒂ The climate of tropical rain forests in the southeast coast of Brazil, northeast Australia and east Madagascar is mainly caused by the influence of topography (mountains), with warm currents passing through the windward slopes and coastal areas of the southeast trade winds.

The higher the annual range latitude of the temperature is, the reasons are as follows: the higher the latitude, the greater the annual variation of the height of the sun at noon, the greater the annual variation of the length of day and night, so the greater the annual range of the temperature; The opposite is true at low latitudes.

The farther away from the sea, the greater the annual temperature difference. The reason is that the heat capacity of the land is smaller than that of the ocean, and it heats up quickly in summer and cools down quickly in winter, which is lower than that of the ocean. Therefore, the temperature in annual range is higher than that in the ocean, and the coastal area is greatly influenced by the ocean, which is smaller than that in inland annual range.

⒄ Diurnal temperature range: The higher the latitude, the smaller it is, because the diurnal variation of solar height is mainly small.

(18) The reason why there is no spring drought in Northeast China is that the latitude is high, the temperature is low, and there is snow and meltwater in spring.