How to raise parrots with tropical fish?

Necessary equipment for raising tropical fish

(1) fish tank (2) suction pipe (3) thermometer (4) fishing net (5) glass lamp tube (6) electric heating pipe: used to increase the temperature in the fish tank in winter.

(7) air pump (8) filter (9) thermostat (10) decontamination solution (1 1) Newly bought tropical fish is the first choice for initial cultivation. After adapting to the new environment, you can start feeding. Generally, after the fish is put into the water tank for half a day, if it is found that the fish begins to peck at the sand on the wall or bottom of the tank, it will be fed to the fish. Some fish refuse to eat when changing the environment, so they should be fed with their favorite feed, which can be balanced with artificial feed and domestic feed. Pay attention to the amount, and avoid the leftover residue, because the residue will corrupt and destroy the water quality.

Several causes of illness and death of tropical fish;

1, the water temperature changes dramatically-the best temperature for tropical fish to survive is 25℃, but different species still have different temperature requirements, and parrots can do it at around 26℃! 2, the stocking density should not be too high-many people see that the aquarium can put a lot of lovely fish in a fish tank, so they also raise a lot of fish in the fish tank at home. No matter what fish it is, it will die. If we raise many different kinds of fish, we must consider the suitable space for each kind of fish to reduce the number of fish. Either way, it is not a good thing to have many small fish in a jar. The feeding principle of tropical fish is very similar to that of goldfish, which requires a wide water surface and a normal proportion to the number of tropical fish to ensure adequate oxygen supply.

3. Types of feed-The feeding habits of tropical fish vary from species to species, which can be roughly divided into three categories: animal, plant and omnivorous. Therefore, we must know what fish are in the tank, what food we like to eat, and how to raise them by classification.

4. Diseases-There are many reasons for tropical fish to get sick, including the infection of sick fish bought, white spots caused by low temperature, food residue or fish manure decomposition, which leads to the deterioration of water quality.

Newly bought tropical fish often carry germs or parasites, because the illness is mild and there are no obvious symptoms, so it is not easy to detect when buying. If you put it directly into the fish tank without drug treatment, you will get sick and even die as soon as 2-3 days 1 2 weeks. Even if the newly purchased tropical fish is healthy, it sometimes causes injuries and bacterial infections through fishing and transportation. Therefore, it is very important to prevent and disinfect the newly purchased tropical fish.

There are two kinds of drugs commonly used for disease prevention and disinfection. The first is salt, which is safe, effective and convenient to source. Add 100-300g to every 10kg of water to prepare 1-3% saline, and disinfect for about 5-20min. The soaking time depends on the water temperature, which can kill most germs and parasites.

The second is potassium permanganate, which can be added directly to the fish tank. The drug concentration is 10 kg water and 0.03 g potassium permanganate. It is inconvenient to weigh 0.03 grams of potassium permanganate. Therefore, firstly, 1g potassium permanganate is weighed and fully dissolved in 1kg water, that is, a liquid medicine with a concentration of one thousandth is prepared and stored in a bottle for later use. Then use a straw or syringe to suck 30ml of potassium permanganate liquid medicine and add it to 10kg of water, and change the water 24 hours after taking the medicine. However, it should be noted that for small tropical fish. Potassium permanganate is highly toxic, so we should pay attention to the activity state of tropical fish after taking the medicine. If there is any abnormality, we should rescue it immediately, that is, change a lot of water or remove it.

Some necessary conditions for breeding tropical fish

I. Water

1, water quality

Step 2 change water

Second, the temperature

Third, oxygen.

Fourth, fish food.

1, Daphnia

2.cyclops

3. Red Nematode

Verb (short for verb) light

For parrots, it's medium, and six or seven hours a day is enough.

1, water quality treatment. The soil in Africa belongs to slightly acidic red soil, and there is a lot of humus in the surface water, and the pH value of the water is generally 6 ~ 7, which is slightly acidic. So tropical fish produced in Africa prefer slightly acidic water. Most species living in South American waters also like to inhabit weak acidic water with pH value of 7. However, fish growing in the waters of Southeast Asia and South Asia, including those growing in the waters of southern North America, prefer neutral water with a pH of 7. Tropical fish from Central America are required to use slightly alkaline water because the water quality in their birthplace is slightly alkaline. Other semi-marine fishes, such as Batpomfret, Yellow-fin Pomfret and Colorful golden phoenix in Oceania, prefer weak alkaline water quality. In fact, some fish that like neutral or weakly alkaline water, such as bat pomfret and elephant trunk fish, can live well in weakly acidic water. However, fish that like acidic water quality are generally difficult to survive in weak alkaline water quality.

In the process of fish culture, a small amount of feeding water should be added regularly, and a small amount of microbial water purifier should be added at the same time to maintain excellent water quality and achieve the purpose of raising water first in fish culture. In the process of fish farming, not only the water quality is required to be suitable and stable, but also the water quality of the old and new tanks should not be too different, especially the pH value. For example, colorful angelfish, the pH difference between old and new water should not exceed 0.5, and the temperature difference should not exceed 1 ~ 2℃. The hardness of aquaculture water quality should also be considered, and some estuarine egg fish must not ignore salinity.

2. Feed feeding

The cultivation of tropical ornamental fish, if the water quality is well treated, has been more than half successful, and the main problem left is feed. At present, the commonly used fresh bait is water earthworm and water flea, and the blood worm and adult are the ones with higher price and ripening effect. More convenient is artificial feed, sheet and granular.

1. 1 month. In January, most areas are still in the severe winter season, so fish aquariums must maintain a stable water temperature of 22-24℃ and cannot relax for a moment. If the water temperature suddenly drops sharply, tropical fish will either freeze to death immediately or catch a cold.

The cold disease of tropical fish is very dangerous and will soon die.

Tropical fish are generally not easy to cure colds. Only when the water temperature drops quickly and the fish disease is first discovered can effective measures be taken in time to prevent the disease from getting worse and then restore health. The treatment measures are as follows: when tropical fish get sick due to cooling, immediately take the sick fish to another container with the same water temperature, add a teaspoon of salt for every 10 liter of water, then slowly raise the water temperature to 28-30 * C, and the water in the container for treating the sick fish is less, and constantly charge oxygen with a pump; The bait should be live bait with strong palatability and rich nutrition, such as fish worms and water worms. Feed it twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. Be careful not to overdo it. After such careful treatment, sick fish can generally recover.

The feed types of tropical fish in winter are much more monotonous than those in other seasons, mainly dry feed and granular feed, and the nutritional components are far less complete than those in summer when natural feed is abundant. In order to ensure the health of fish, it is necessary to supplement some plant bait such as vegetable leaves. Before feeding, wash the soil off the leaves with water, then scald them with boiling water, and then tie them to a glass rod and sink into the bottom of the box, so that the fish can eat freely. When feeding this kind of food, we should also avoid excessive consumption and take out the leftovers in time to avoid damaging the water quality. We should also pay attention to which vegetables and plants fish like to eat and the selectivity of different kinds of fish to these foods, so as to continuously improve the feeding methods and improve the feeding effect.

In winter, the feeding frequency of healthy fish is reduced to once a day, preferably in the morning. The residual bait and fish manure deposited at the bottom of the pond should be sucked up with the local dirty ice with rubber hoses in time, and the same amount of dry fresh water should be supplemented at the same time, preferably once a day, and then supplemented later.

In winter, the days are shorter and the indoor sunshine is insufficient. If there is thin ice on the window, the indoor light will be darker. When it is really necessary, lighting facilities can be added to the aquarium to allow aquatic plants to carry out photosynthesis and grow normally.

2. February. In February, because many people practice intermittent heating in winter, the change of room temperature has a great influence on the change of fish water temperature. Therefore, the water temperature of the aquarium in the northern region should always be kept at the necessary level with electric heating tubes with regulators, and it should not be allowed to rise and fall freely.

In the long winter, tropical fish still grow and develop normally except for a few families with excellent fish-raising conditions, excellent fish-raising techniques and enough time to take care of them. Generally speaking, fish in the family are much worse than fish in summer because of long-term intake of artificial bait and insufficient illumination. In view of this, in the whole winter, especially when winter goes and spring comes, the days are getting longer and the sun is getting more and more, and the gonads of tropical fish are accelerating development, which requires a lot of nutrition, so it is even more necessary to try to feed some fresh bait. The main sources of fresh bait are: indoor small-scale autotrophic; Look for ditches with more organic matter or pits where domestic sewage enters, and dig out water worms from the sediment; Go to big pits and ponds that usually produce fish and insects, and break the ice to catch "green jump" fish and insects in big cities such as Beijing, or you can buy them in fairs and trade markets.

After a winter's feeding, although the dirt in the fish tank is often removed and the water is changed locally, the residual bait and fish excrement will still accumulate more and more. Once or twice this month, we will carry out "cleaning", that is, take out all the fish and aquatic plants in the fish tank and put them in a bucket with old water in the middle and upper layers of the tank, then thoroughly scrub the gravel at the bottom of the tank, rinse it with clear water for later use, and then carefully scrub the inner wall and bottom of the fish tank.

Dust-free and tasteless After all these tasks are completed, sand laying, water injection, grass planting and fish feeding should be carried out in turn, requiring clear water, green grass and fresh fish. This kind of "cleaning" should thoroughly remove the dirt in the box wall, box bottom and gravel as far as possible to improve the water quality. At the same time, don't change water too much.

In order to grow aquatic plants well, we should fully understand their living habits. In addition to the depth of water, we should also pay enough attention to the demand for fertilizer and make appropriate arrangements. Aquatic plants such as chrysanthemum, evening primrose and Myriophyllum can be directly planted in gravel matrix without a large amount of fertilizer; However, aquatic plants that need more fertilizer and complex soil need to be mixed with fertile soil and gravel in the garden, heated and disinfected, put into small flowerpots, planted with aquatic plants and then put into aquariums. In order to prevent some tropical fish who like to rummage for food in the bottom material from muddying the water, after planting aquatic plants in the small flowerpot, a layer of clean fine sand with a thickness of about 2 cm should be laid. Water plants that need to be planted in small pots are generally larger, such as crown grass.

3. March March, some areas have entered the spring, but the temperature is still low, and the main feeding and nursing work is the same as last month. If the aquarium was not cleaned last month, it can be cleaned this month. The key points of doing a good job of "cleaning" are:

(1) Thoroughly remove the sludge and turbid water in the aquarium, that is, wash the bottom materials and remove the low-grade epiphytic algae on the stone and glass walls. Gravel laid directly at the bottom of the box as the bottom material can still be reused after washing, but the soil with aquatic plants in the small flowerpot must be completely replaced because the nutrients in it have been exhausted.

(2) Sparse or dense aquatic plants should be replaced by fresh and vigorous ones: old, weak, thin, disabled and graceful. When taking out and planting aquatic plants from the aquarium, you should hold the base of the main stem that begins to take root and pull it out, but don't hold the leaves or stem ends to prevent them from breaking. The aquatic plants should be washed with clean water, and the rotten leaves and roots should be picked and thrown away, and the new branches should have roots.

There is no doubt that the arrangement of aquatic plants in the aquarium depends on the hobby of fish farmers, but in any case, they should not be planted too close to the front glass, otherwise it will hinder the viewing. Don't plant aquatic plants too closely, and leave enough space for fish to move. Generally speaking, aquatic plants should be planted at the back, left and right sides of the aquarium, with short grass species in front and high grass species in the back, while paying attention to moderate density and distinct layers. If we can do the above, the natural charm of tropical waters will be presented to fish farmers.

(3) The glass inner wall of the aquarium should be carefully scrubbed with a rag, a plastic sponge and a small brush. , so as not to get dirty. If dirt adheres to the thin layer formed on the box wall, it is difficult to wash it off with water, and it can be wiped repeatedly with soda. If there is a stripe stain formed by evaporation of water, it can be gently wiped with a rag dipped in vinegar. Never scratch with a knife, especially when cleaning plexiglass aquarium, but also to prevent hard objects from scratching the box and affecting the appearance.

(4) Fish and aquatic plants cannot be completely replaced, because they have lived in them for a long time and are used to the chemical properties of water. If all water is changed, the chemical properties of water may change greatly, causing physiological reactions of fish and aquatic plants, which is not conducive to their normal life. The correct way is to keep one third or half of the old water.

(5) After all the bottom materials and aquatic plants of the aquarium are washed and paved, water can be injected into the tank. Don't be too hasty when injecting water, so as to avoid excessive water flow. Instead, slowly inject new water, and then inject the reserved old water until it reaches the specified water level. Then plant grass, and finally adjust the water temperature to the necessary height, that is, 22-24℃. It is best to let it stand for 3-4 days, and then raise fish after the aquatic plants grow new roots. The aquarium should be covered with a glass cover to prevent dust and miscellaneous bacteria from entering the polluted water body, but there should be gaps, so as to keep the air circulation inside and outside the aquarium.

The temperature in March is higher than that in February, and the daytime is longer. When watching fish at ordinary times, we should observe which kinds of tropical fish can mix colors and complement each other. What kinds of tropical fish can exert beneficial ecological effects on each other and complement each other; We should also pay attention to the dynamic changes of male and female fish of the same species and make necessary preparations for artificial reproduction and selection of parent fish.

In April, the earth quietly put on new clothes. Apricots, peaches and pears are in full bloom in the north, and there is a spring scene with green trees and flowers in full bloom. Everywhere is bathed in spring sunshine, everywhere is full of birds and flowers, full of vitality.

Indoor aquarium should avoid direct sunlight for a long time, otherwise hairy blue-green or blue-black epiphytic algae will breed on the stems and leaves of aquatic plants, the walls and bottom materials of aquarium, which will make a box of fish dull and even produce a dirty feeling. In order to avoid this unpleasant phenomenon, curtains should be drawn on sunny days, or the sunlight directed at the aquarium should be blocked with green transparent paper. Generally speaking, there are not many algae in clean fish tanks and fish tanks with few fish.

Spring is warm and cold, and the climate conditions are very unstable. It often happens that the wind cools down or the rain turns cold. We should also pay great attention to keeping the water temperature of the aquarium, especially be wary of cooling at night.

This month is also a crucial moment to cultivate parent fish. The newly bred fish last year has reached sexual maturity at this time. After repeated selection in winter, the remaining individuals can be used as qualified backup parent fish, which should be carefully cultivated to prepare for smooth artificial reproduction.

When cultivating parent fish, it is best to separate the carp from the carp, so as to accurately grasp the spawning time and prevent the fish eggs from being swallowed by the parent fish. The stocking density of viviparous fish can be slightly higher. In order to protect the newborn fish from being swallowed by the parent fish, we should not only strengthen feeding to make the parent fish full, but also plant a variety of aquatic plants with branches or floating stems and leaves to provide hiding places for the young fish.

May may is the peak season for artificial breeding of tropical fish, and it may be later in Northeast China. At this time, all kinds of bait organisms in natural water begin to increase, which is very beneficial to cultivate parent fish and raise young fish. Among many natural lures, fish and insects have the best effect. Large tropical fish can feed more water worms. Never bring harmful animals caught with fish and insects into the aquarium when feeding. Fish and insects should be poured into a bucket filled with water before feeding the fish, and attention should be paid to catching insects that harm tropical fish such as lice and their larvae. Another hydra, which is not easy to catch, will automatically stop on the barrel or barrel wall. If fish worms are carefully taken out from the surface and water layers of the water, and then washed carefully with clear water, harmful organisms will not be brought into the fish tank, and even if they occasionally enter the tank, they will be easily found and removed during the process of feeding fish.

The artificial propagation method of tropical fish has been introduced in detail in relevant materials, which can be improved with reference to our own practical experience. In order to meet the operation needs, necessary appliances and articles such as spawning box, temperature regulating equipment, dried water bottle (basin), egg attachments such as aquatic plants, nylon net or glass sheet for separating parent fish from fish eggs, fishing net bag, and commonly used drugs should be prepared in advance.

Like April, the aquarium should avoid direct sunlight, but the light is too dim, which is not conducive to the growth of aquatic plants, so it should be properly mastered. Too long direct sunlight will inevitably produce too many epiphytic algae, which will seriously damage the aesthetic feeling of aquarium, and the harm to fish culture is no less than that to tropical fish directly. If the direct sunlight lasts too long, the unicellular green algae in aquarium water may multiply in large numbers, and the water will turn green soon. In severe cases, there are too many unicellular green algae suspended in the water, which move and roll like clouds in the sky in the aquarium. The oxygen bubbles produced by them attach to the fish, which makes the fish swim inflexible, or the fins fester, or the skin is inflamed, causing casualties of tropical fish. The death and corruption of these green algae will completely corrupt the water quality and poison the whole box of tropical fish. Therefore, the mastery of light must not be ignored. In addition to controlling the light, keeping the water fresh is also beneficial to prevent the reproduction of cyanobacteria and unicellular green algae. Experience has proved that these algae are usually rare in very clean aquariums.

As long as it doesn't pollute the water too much, it is not necessary to remove all the dirt deposited at the bottom of the tank, especially the aquarium with clean fine sand as the bottom material and fresh water quality. Leaving a small part can play the role of fertilizing aquatic plants, which is conducive to keeping the aquarium small, forming a benign material circulation and raising tropical fish.

6. June. Feeding and nursing work in June is basically the same as that in May, and it is also the peak season for artificial breeding of tropical fish.

The climate is warm and stable this month. If you have decided to expand the breeding target, that is, the newly raised fish, you can take this favorable opportunity to buy it, even if you are far away, you can get home safely. In the next two or three months, the temperature difference between the north and the south is not big, and it is near the suitable temperature range of tropical fish, which is a good time to buy and transport fish. On the other hand, all the young fish born last month have grown to a certain size, and some of them have the body shape and color of adult fish, so it is easy to tell the good from the bad. At the same time, buying these young fish is easier to feed than buying adult fish, and the ability to adapt to the new environment is stronger than that of adult fish.

Since June, it is also the peak season for the production of fish and insects in natural waters. If fish farmers need to feed their fish some dry feed in winter, they should also take advantage of this favorable opportunity to collect a large number of fish and insects and store them in the sun. It is best to choose sunny days with stable weather for several days, wash the fresh fish just caught in the fishing ground and spread it on the reed mat to dry. If you need to transport it home before drying, you should shorten the transportation time as much as possible to ensure the freshness of fish and insects, and rinse it with clear water immediately after arrival.

Electric heaters and regulators can be taken out of the aquarium, cleaned, wrapped in newspaper or soft cloth and put in a fixed place for later use. In the case that the aquarium is large, the fish culture is not dense, and the water quality can always be kept good, the air pump can also be removed.

7. July. In July, the focus is on raising young fish. For the young fish that just disappeared from the yolk sac and began to feed from the outside, it is necessary to feed them with backwater, a small food organism with strong palatability. If there is no condition to catch backwater in natural waters, it is necessary to breed indoors. Egg yolk must be added when young fish are raised with backwater from artificial breeding for a long time.

Special attention should be paid to keeping the fish tanks of young fish clean, and never let the water quality be polluted. When sucking the dirty water at the bottom of the box with dirt, it is necessary to avoid sucking young fish at the same time. Some new water added to replace dirty water must be fully dried, and the water temperature should be adjusted to a moderate level in advance when adding.

After young fish grow up to eat fish worms, the feeding amount should not be too large. Because the full young fish will continue to prey on the fish and insects at the mouth, but they will spit it out immediately after swallowing, so that the fish and insects will die quickly and sink into the bottom of the water for corruption. Pay special attention to prevent more dead fish and insects from spending the night at the bottom of the box. Otherwise, they will consume a lot of oxygen when rotting, endangering the safety of tropical fish. When a large number of dead fish worms have sunk to the bottom of the box due to overfeeding, the correct way is to suck them out with soft rubber tubes together with water immediately.

8. August. August is one of the easiest months to raise and manage tropical fish. At this time, the sun is abundant, the water temperature is high, and the bait is rich. The young fish have grown to the standard of conventional bait and do not need special care. However, to really raise a good fish, it is not just to feed the fish and breed artificially. On the contrary, raising fish well is only the first step.

This phenomenon often happens in fish shops or markets. Tropical fish of the same species and age are very different in specifications, colors and postures, and their prices are also very different. What is the reason? The key lies in the correct feeding management. Therefore, in order to raise fish well, we must make use of the favorable conditions in summer in July, August and September to meet the optimal range of fish as far as possible from the chemical index of water; In terms of bait, we should strive to diversify, make the nutritional components complete and feed the bait correctly; In terms of environmental conditions, we should cooperate in the best way according to the requirements of light intensity, temperature and the number of aquatic plants in different growth and development stages of fish ... Only in this way can we cultivate tropical fish as strong, bright and beautiful as those produced in nature.

9. At the beginning of this month in September, universities and middle schools will start classes one after another, so fish farmers can make use of their free time before school to have a "clean-up" of the aquarium.

10. 10 month 10 month, the climate in most areas gradually changed from hot to cool, especially in the north, and the late month of this month is approaching early winter. With the shortening of the day, the aquarium is supplemented with lights to ensure that the daily illumination time can be maintained at 12- 14 hours. In places where the temperature drops below 20℃, heating measures should be taken to keep the water temperature of the aquarium at 20-24℃ to avoid violent fluctuations. When conditions permit, the water temperature at night should be 1.5-2 degrees lower than during the day, so that tropical fish can be closer to the natural conditions.

According to the above requirements, fish farmers should not forget to debug and check the lighting, electric heaters, regulators, blowers and other electrical appliances in advance in areas where the climate turns cold, and some have to buy spare parts to ensure the safe wintering of tropical fish.

It is best to use variable resistance electric lamps for lighting, so that the light will gradually change from weak to strong or from strong to weak, and it will not suddenly go out or suddenly light up, which will adversely affect the fish.

In view of the lack of light in winter, the benefits of aquatic plants to tropical fish are not as obvious as in summer: aquatic plants can only carry out photosynthesis (absorb carbon dioxide to produce carbon dioxide) when the light is strong, and when the light is weakened to a certain extent or even dark, they have to breathe (consume oxygen to produce carbon dioxide). Therefore, in winter with short sunshine time, the aquatic plants in the aquarium should be properly sparse, and the excess parts can be discarded or transferred to another container for later use.

After several months of growth and development, the newly bred juvenile tropical fish have reached the age of sexual maturity, or at least reached the age of adult fish. The appearance and color of the fish should be selected for the first time in combination with the need of safe overwintering. Individuals in good condition are reserved for the next spring to continue to watch and artificially breed, and those who are thin, thin and have defects in appearance and color are excluded.

After thinning, the number of aquatic plants decreased, so their absorption ability of nitrogen-containing nutrients, mainly nitrate and nitrite, formed by bacterial decomposition of residual bait and fish manure in aquarium also weakened. In order to avoid water pollution, we should not only suck out the dirt at the bottom of the tank with a soft tube every day, but also replenish the same amount of new water. It is also necessary to strengthen the local water exchange of the aquarium, that is, regularly pump away the slightly turbid water at the bottom of the aquarium that is slightly polluted by residual bait and fish manure with rubber hoses, and slowly inject the same amount of fresh water from the reservoir. Even if the ice house is large and there are not many fish farms, this local water change work should be done at least 1-2 times a week, and the water change should not be too much each time. Rotten stems and leaves of aquatic plants and dead fish should be found at any time and taken out at any time. The oil film formed on the water surface should also be skimmed off with a net at any time.

The algae attached to the glass of the box wall must be wiped off with clean gauze.

1 1.11month,1/month, the main management and maintenance work is the same as last month. If necessary, the fish cultured in that year shall be selected for the second time, and the excellent fish shall be retained and the inferior fish shall be eliminated. "When necessary" here means that the size of the aquarium is too small compared with the number of tropical fish currently raised, which affects the safe wintering. The quality of the fish salvaged this time is usually acceptable, so they can be put in an aquarium or treated properly.

If it is found that hot fish frequently float to the water surface, lean forward and even swallow the air on the water surface in a vertical state, it means that the dissolved oxygen in the aquarium is too low, so we should immediately find out the reason, whether it is the deterioration of water quality, raising fish or planting too many aquatic plants, and take measures to change water or sparse fish and grass respectively.

1 1 month, quite a few areas have entered winter, and the temperature and water temperature have dropped very low, and some places will freeze. At this time, as the best natural bait for tropical fish, the number of fish and insects in ponds, ditches, lakes and other natural waters has dropped sharply, which is no longer a treasure that most tropical fish lovers can easily obtain, let alone meet the needs of fish farming. From 1 1 month to the following spring, it should be considered as a routine and important work for fish farmers to successfully solve the bait problem of tropical fish before a large number of fish and insects appear again, which is directly related to the success or failure of fish farming. At this time, you can feed all kinds of easily available water worms instead. This kind of oligochaeta mostly lurks in ponds, ditches and other sediments rich in organic matter in winter, and can be fed to fish after digging and washing. In order to prevent it from getting into the gravel at the bottom of the aquarium, tropical fish are not easy to eat. First, divide a ping-pong ball into two halves along the glue line, then put earthworms in it to make a ball. Poke a lot of holes in the ball with a thick needle, and the ball will be suspended in the aquarium. When the earthworm continuously extends out of the ball through the small hole, it can be used for tropical fish to tear food smoothly. You can also feed artificial bait such as dried fish worms, synthetic pellet feed or fresh fish and shrimp leftovers. However, except for guppies, swordfish, black spearfish and some Cyprinidae fish, which are used to eating this lifeless and immobile artificial bait, a few rare tropical fish can not immediately transition from live bait to adapt to this bait, so they should be "trained" in advance. The specific method is: Stop feeding for 2-3 days and feed artificial bait when these "delicate" fish are extremely hungry. At first, they will swim from all sides of the aquarium to the feeding point, but they will not eat, just swim around the bait again. At this time, they will take away the artificial bait and add a small amount of fish and worms to satisfy their hunger, but they will not be full. If they are hungry for a while, they should be fed artificial bait, and a few fish who can eat this bait will take the lead in feeding. If these "delicate" fish still don't eat, fish farmers will have to wait patiently to feed a small number of fish worms. So many times, hunger will inevitably force them to eat artificial bait. At the beginning, the bait may be swallowed and spit out soon, which is a harbinger of the success of "training" Fish farmers must not lose heart. After several times of persistence, they will eat artificial bait smoothly and habitually. It should be noted that there are a few precious tropical fish that don't eat any other bait except live bait.

In winter, even the water earthworm is not a natural bait that can be easily obtained, and it is not a pleasure to go to the suburbs to collect it often, so we must pay attention to the long-term preservation of the water earthworm. The general practice is to wrap it in a wet cloth and keep it in a low temperature environment. Although this method is simple and easy, it is difficult to keep it for more than a week, which is not ideal. A better way is to raise the earthworm in a shallow dish with a water depth of 0.5- 1.0 cm, let it stand at a low temperature of 2-6℃, change the water once a day, and rinse it with clean water when changing the water, so that it can be kept for two or three weeks. Another thing to note is that after using up one earthworm, the newly dug earthworm should be preserved, and the newly dug earthworm should not be mixed with the unused one. This is because individuals who have been preserved for a long time have poor vitality and are prone to death, which will aggravate losses.

During the whole winter, the water temperature in the fish tank should not rise too high. On the contrary, it is best to keep it at a slightly lower level, that is, it is best to stabilize it in the range of 22-24℃. In this water temperature range, most species of tropical fish can grow and develop normally. When artificial breeding is carried out in the next spring, raising the water temperature slightly can better play its role in stimulating the estrus excitement of parent fish.

12. December. The density of fish and aquatic plants in the aquarium has reached a stable and reasonable level after adjustment in the first two months, so the management and maintenance work this month is still to keep the water fresh, the light is moderate, the water temperature is suitable and the bait is suitable.

The activity of tropical fish is weakened in winter, and the feeding frequency can be changed from twice a day to once a day, so it is more reasonable to feed in the morning.

Winter, especially the early winter has passed, but there is still a long time before the end of winter and spring. We should always pay special attention to keeping the water quality of the aquarium fresh. This is because: winter has its own natural characteristics, and the days are very short, especially in the cold areas in the north, the window glass will be covered with ice flowers, and even the short sunshine will be blocked out of the window, so the indoor light is very dark. Because the indoor temperature in these places is generally high, the main difficulty in raising tropical fish is not cooling down, but insufficient sunshine. In this case, the beneficial effect of aquatic plants on tropical fish is much weaker than that in summer. If we don't pay special attention to remove dirt and litter of evergreen grass, and replace the smelly dirty water at the bottom of the tank with new water, it will be impossible to maintain the benign balance of biology and chemistry in the aquarium and keep the water fresh. This is why the aquarium needs to change water locally 1-2 times a week in winter.

However, the amount of water changed for the aquarium at a time should not be too much, generally not exceeding one-fifth of the total water, which can be increased or decreased as appropriate. Experienced tropical fish lovers all know that if the water quality can be kept fresh by the above-mentioned local water change method, the water in the fish aquarium will become yellowish and transparent "old water" if it is not completely changed for months or even years. In this "old water", there are almost no unicellular algae, ciliates and any other protozoa, and dead fish and residual bait will not rot in this "old water" for 2-3 days. Tropical fish living in old water are not easy to get sick. Even fish suffering from ectoparasites, molds, bacteria and other parasitic diseases or mechanical injuries are easier to recover if they are properly treated in old water.

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