What are the main points to pay attention to when the weather is slightly cold?

Simple greenhouse turtle breeding refers to building an arch frame with wood, steel pipe, iron frame, steel wire or bamboo-wood mixed materials, covering it with plastic film, making full use of the light and temperature rise during these two periods after the turtle wakes up from hibernation, and equipped with a heating boiler (hot water heater) for heating, temperature rise and temperature control to raise turtles. This method is simple, economical and practical.

First, stocking density

The stocking density should consider the natural habits of soft-shelled turtles and the carrying capacity of pond ecosystem. Turtle is aggressive and territorial. When the unit area exceeds its tolerance density, individuals bite each other, making them uneasy and their immunity declining. At the same time, biting people increases the chance of pathogen infection and the incidence rate. Because the temperature is controlled and the temperature is appropriate, the turtle's food intake reaches the maximum, so the residual bait and turtle's metabolites are also the most polluted. In order to keep warm and reduce energy consumption, the chances of water exchange, drainage and air circulation are greatly reduced, and the water load in the pool is getting bigger and bigger, and the water quality is easy to deteriorate. Therefore, the stocking density should be determined according to the capacity of the pond and the level of feeding management, and we should not be greedy. The general stocking method is one-time stocking. The stocking density is 5 ~10g 15/m2,/kloc-0 ~ 20g 12, and 20 ~ 30g/m2. The optimum capacity is 0.8 ~ 1. Because it is easy to change water and clean the cement pool, it can be put more appropriately.

Second, the temperature

The optimum environmental temperature (optimum body temperature) of Trionyx sinensis is 30℃. Compared with assimilation amount and weight gain rate, the food intake at this time is the best. According to the research, when the water temperature is 30℃, the feed coefficient reaches the best level, reaching 67%, that is, feeding 100 kg feed can gain 67 kg, and the meat gain coefficient is 1.49. The gain coefficient is 2.5 at 35℃, 2.52 at 25℃ and 4.39 at 20℃. Temperature is also very important, because turtles breathe with their lungs, often come out of the water and need to bask in the sun. Inappropriate ecological environment will affect its function and produce strong stress response, thus affecting its disease resistance, growth rate and feeding ability. Therefore, controlling the indoor water temperature at 29 ~ 3 1℃ and the air temperature at 32 ~ 33℃ is more conducive to the growth of soft-shelled turtle. At noon on a sunny day, when the indoor temperature is high and the water temperature is high, you can properly open the doors and windows for ventilation and cooling, and when the temperature is low at night, you can implement heating.

Third, feed management.

Nutrient-rich and balanced feed can improve the utilization rate of feed, reduce the discharge of feces, enhance the physique of soft-shelled turtle and increase its disease resistance. Feeding should be reasonable according to the actual situation, with 90% satiety as the principle. It is best to feed on water. Feed should be close to the feed table to avoid slipping into the water, and the residual bait should be recovered in time to avoid spoilage and pollution of air and water.

Fourth, water quality management.

With the increase of growth, load and feeding amount of soft-shelled turtle raised in greenhouse, dissolved oxygen in water decreased, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content increased, and oxygen consumption of organic matter also increased. There are too many toxic and harmful substances, the turtle's resistance and immunity are reduced, and diseases are frequent. The use of drugs is easy to cause damage to the internal tissues and organs of turtles, and even chronic poisoning. The main contents of water quality management include water color, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH value, ammonia nitrogen and so on.

1. Water color: The good and normal water color of turtle pond should be oil green or dark green. The phytoplankton are mainly green algae, cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, gymnosperms and diatoms, which can hide turtles and play the role of increasing oxygen and purifying water quality.

2. Transparency: The ideal transparency of pool water is 25 ~ 30cm. If the transparency is too high, the water in the pool will be crystal clear, which will lead to turtles' uneasy life, fighting with each other and inducing diseases. Too little transparency means that the biomass in the water is large and the water quality is getting worse.

3. Dissolved oxygen: the requirement is more than 3 mg/L, and high dissolved oxygen can enhance the feeding ability of soft-shelled turtle and improve the feed conversion rate. Fish and algae in water need dissolved oxygen, and sufficient oxygen is a necessary condition for stable water quality. Nitrifying bacteria and sulfide bacteria in water can transform toxic ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and methane into non-toxic sulfate ions and nitrate ions under aerobic conditions, thus playing the role of biological methods to improve water quality.

4.pH value: The pH value should be between 6.8 and 8.2. In acidic water, the activity and metabolism of soft-shelled turtle decreased, and the growth of bacteria and phytoplankton was inhibited, which was not conducive to the formation of good water color. In high alkaline environment, turtle's skin is easily damaged.

5. Ammonia nitrogen: The ammonia nitrogen in the greenhouse water should be less than 3mg/L. The ammonia in the water is mainly transformed by the residual bait, feces and excreta under the action of microorganisms. Although soft-shelled turtle mainly breathes by lungs, it has gill tissue. High concentration of ammonia causes gill tissue lesions, liver enlargement, skin rot, furuncle, slow growth and low feed efficiency. The reduction of ammonia in water mainly depends on the absorption of phytoplankton.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) water quality control measures

1. Mixed culture of soft-shelled turtle: Silver carp, bighead carp, carp, crucian carp and tilapia feed on algae, zooplankton, benthos and microbial micelles respectively, which can effectively consume all kinds of organisms in the pond and promote the reproduction of these organisms and microorganisms, thus speeding up the purification of the pond, effectively preventing eutrophication of the water body and delaying the aging process of the cultured water body. This is the simplest, most scientific and most effective water quality control measure in pond culture.

2. Rational use of microecological agents: Microorganisms can reduce the content of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and sulfide, and accelerate the transformation of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite into nitrate, which is beneficial to algae reproduction. This kind of bacteria already exists in normal water, but if it is used at will, it will upset the balance. At the same time, the growth and reproduction of living bacteria need certain conditions, such as photosynthetic bacteria need light, oxygen-free and rich organic matter; Nitrifying bacteria and Bacillus subtilis need dissolved oxygen, and insufficient oxygen can only reduce ammonia nitrogen but not nitrite. Topical microecological preparations should be selected according to specific conditions. Oral borax production of enzyme probiotics can improve feed conversion rate and reduce harmful substances in feces. The live bacteria continuously discharged from intestinal tract can purify water stably, and the ecological balance will not be destroyed because of the sudden entry of live bacteria for external use, and the cost is low.

In addition, water quality control should also pay attention to timely oxygenation and aeration.