How do humans develop and utilize the ocean?

Refers to the development of marine resources and the comprehensive utilization of the ocean and its space. With the development of productive forces and the deepening of marine research, marine science has developed to the stage of developing and utilizing the ocean since 1970s, and human beings are now using this huge treasure house of resources. Marine resources mainly include food resources and mineral resources, and the direction of developing marine food resources is to find new economic utilization targets and develop artificial breeding. The ocean has become an important supplier of human food to protein. Seawater can be desalinated, and chemical elements such as chlorine, sodium and magnesium, rare elements and radioactive elements can be extracted from seawater. A large number of metals and placers such as oil, natural gas, coal, iron and manganese can be mined from the seabed, and tidal energy resources can also be used to generate electricity, and submarine space (accumulation and storage of nuclear waste, etc.) can be used. ), forecast the weather and control climate change, and develop maritime traffic. At present, more than 300 offshore factories in more than 60 countries have produced salt, magnesium salt, bromine, heavy water and fresh water. Some developed countries have exploited gold, platinum, diamonds, rutile and cassiterite on the seabed. More than 100 countries have explored offshore oil and gas and more than 40 countries and regions have developed 150 offshore oil and gas fields. Offshore oil production has accounted for 65,438+of the total output. The ocean is the cradle of life, and it is also a precious wealth for the sustainable development of human society. At present, with the increasingly serious problems such as shortage of land resources, population expansion and environmental degradation, coastal countries have turned their attention to the ocean and accelerated the development and utilization of the ocean.

Great value-

There are nearly 80 kinds of elements dissolved in seawater. Not only do almost all natural elements on land exist in seawater, but also 17 elements are rare on land. It has been calculated that if all dissolved substances in 1 cubic kilometer seawater are extracted, in addition to 994 million tons of fresh water, 30.52 million tons of salt, 2.369 million tons of magnesium, 2.442 million tons of gypsum, 825,000 tons of potassium, 67,000 tons of bromine, and iodine, uranium, gold and silver can be produced. Coastal placer is an important marine mineral resource. The developed coastal placers mainly include metals such as diamond, gold, platinum and tin, and dozens of nonmetal, rare and rare earth minerals. Marine polymetallic nodules are a potential treasure house of marine mineral resources. The total reserves of ocean polymetallic nodules in the world are as high as 3× 10 12 tons, and the contents of some manganese, nickel, copper and diamond are 300 times the average content in the earth's crust.

Seawater energy can solve the problem of water shortage and provide electricity.

The total volume of seawater accounts for 97% of the total water volume of the earth. Seawater can be used directly or after desalination. It has been predicted that the 2 1 century war may be mainly caused by the shortage of fresh water resources on land, which is not alarmist. However, the ocean is a huge body of water. As long as the seawater desalination technology is further improved and the cost is reduced, the water shortage problem is expected to be solved. Seawater can not only provide us with electricity through its heat and mechanical energy, but also extract fuels such as gasoline and diesel-uranium and heavy water. Uranium reserves in seawater are very considerable, reaching about 4.5 billion tons, which is equivalent to 4500 times of the total reserves on land. According to the heat generated by combustion, it can be used for at least 6.5438+0 million years in the world.

Submarine oil accounts for 45% of recoverable oil reserves.

The marine oil and gas resources under the sea floor are the most important part of the world marine industrial economy, and its output value has accounted for about 70% of the world marine development output value. According to scientific investigation and calculation, submarine oil accounts for about 45% of the world's recoverable oil reserves. At present, the world-famous Persian Gulf is recognized as one of the regions with the richest submarine oil reserves in the world. In China, oil fields have been found in South China Sea, East China Sea, South Yellow Sea and Bohai Bay.

The ocean is the granary of the future of mankind.

Marine biological resources have a special and important position, and there are more than 500,000 species in 30 categories in the ocean. All kinds of land are basically found in the ocean, but many species in the ocean are not found on land. There are 20278 species of marine life in the offshore of China, among which 12 is endemic to the sea. Among the 3802 species of fish recorded in China, marine fish account for 30 14 species, of which about 150 species are of economic development value. The annual output of algae naturally growing in offshore waters is more than 15 times of the annual output of wheat in the world. If these algae are processed into food, they can provide people with enough protein, vitamins and minerals needed by the human body. There are abundant plankton invisible to the naked eye in the ocean, which can be processed into food, enough to meet the needs of 30 billion people.

The ocean is the granary of the future of mankind.

Marine life can cure many diseases. Marine life can not only make up for the shortage of human food resources, but also make a variety of high-efficiency specific drugs and provide a large number of important chemical and other industrial raw materials. Bao keping's ocean blood pressure can cure dizziness and blindness; Jellyfish can treat women's strain, hematorrhea and erysipelas in children with wind disease; Hippocampus and Hailong tonify kidney and strengthen yang, soothe the nerves, relieve cough and asthma; Turtle blood and turtle oil can treat asthma and tracheitis; Seaweed can treat sore throat and so on. Pearl powder can stop bleeding, diminish inflammation, detoxify and promote granulation. People often regard it as a feminine beauty. Sea snake venom can treat hemiplegia and sciatica. In addition, some effective drugs for leukemia, hypertension, smallpox, intestinal ulcer and some cancers have been extracted from marine organisms.