Causes of global climate anomalies

If the earth is regarded as a system, after a long period of evolution, this system has formed a stable energy exchange system with the outside world and is a balanced system. When one or more links in the energy exchange system are abnormal or even disordered, abnormalities in the entire system will also occur. At the same time, this abnormality is disordered, making it difficult to form a new balance. Problems have arisen and the balance has been broken, but a new balance has never been formed. Instead, it is in a state of disorder. The resulting series of phenomena include:

1. Global climate anomalies< /p>

2. Abnormal plate movement

3. Abnormal ocean flow

...

A series of abnormal phenomena

All these anomalies, in the final analysis, follow the most basic laws of physics. They can be calculated through mathematical models based on the basic laws of physics. This is the charm of geophysics. The latest research by Chinese scientists shows that there is an inevitable internal connection between the continuous reduction of vegetation coverage on the earth's surface and global climate anomalies. First, a brief introduction to this mathematical model will be given. First, we must introduce some simple physical common sense:

First, mechanics

Second, Joule’s law

The British physicist Joule has done a lot of experiments In 1840, it was first accurately determined that the heat generated by current passing through a conductor is proportional to the square of the current, proportional to the resistance of the conductor, and proportional to the energization time. This law is called Joule's law. Joule's law can be used as the following formula Q =I2Rt means

Third, the photoelectric effect

Light irradiates certain substances, causing the electrical properties of the substances to change, that is, light energy is converted into electrical energy. This type of photoelectric change phenomenon is collectively called the photoelectric effect.

The photoelectric effect is divided into photoelectron emission, photoconductivity effect and photovoltaic effect. The former phenomenon occurs on the surface of an object and is also called the external photoelectric effect. The latter two phenomena occur inside the object and are called the internal photoelectric effect.

Hertz discovered the photoelectric effect in 1887, and Einstein was the first to successfully explain the photoelectric effect.

Fourth, tip discharge effect

Fifth, law of electromagnetic induction

Sixth, concept of field distribution

In short, it is actually The four major mechanics of force, heat, light, and electricity, some theories of modern physics, and some knowledge of advanced mathematics, geological tectonic plate movement, etc. With this knowledge, you can understand the following words

(1) Major premise

The earth rotates while revolving around the sun. The angle between the yellow and red is 23 degrees and 26 minutes. Under the irradiation of radiation, due to the photoelectric effect, the electrons of surface objects are continuously ionized, and the formed negative ions rise with the hot air, making the surface of the earth positively charged. The charge has a linear relationship with the intensity of solar radiation and time. In other words, the sun It continuously charges the earth's surface with positive charges, while negative charges rise to high altitudes. The entire earth's surface and atmosphere form a super-giant capacitor.

(2) How will the charge be distributed on the surface?

Since seawater is a good conductor, in contrast, continental plates are poor conductors, so charges can flow quickly at sea level, while on continents they flow relatively slowly. Due to the tip effect, charges will flow toward Areas with higher altitudes on the Earth's surface continue to gather. Therefore, the total current effect at sea level is zero, and the current effect will be mainly reflected in the continental plates. In this way, a current and charge model of the earth can be established based on basic parameters such as the distribution of the earth's plates, the detailed topography of the earth's surface, the rotation of the earth, and the angle of solar radiation. The distribution can be calculated. In theory, results can be obtained that are very consistent with reality. It depends on the accuracy of parameter selection and the data processing capabilities of the computer.

The current field distribution caused by (3) and the geomagnetic field generation mechanism

When one side of the earth faces the sun, according to this theoretical model, if the external solar radiation is completely shielded, Then the charge movement trend on the earth's surface is to continuously move toward the tip zone, generating a current field 1, which is called magnetic field 1 (this current field is related to the distribution of the continents on the surface and the altitude of the continents, and the current is isotropic, so its overall effect is Zero, but it can affect the distribution of the geomagnetic field in local areas); at the same time, the earth's surface is constantly discharging, so in the presence of solar radiation, the charge distribution on the side of the earth facing the sun (mainly distributed on the continent) is The east side has the most charge and the west side has the least charge (because the earth rotates from west to east), so a current from east to west is formed on the side facing the sun, which is called current distribution 2. This current generates a magnetic field, which is called Magnetic field 2, and it can be seen that the magnetic field is stronger on the side facing the sun and diverges on the side facing away from the sun; in addition, the size of the magnetic field generated by the positive charges accumulated in the tip of the earth's surface as the earth rotates can be called magnetic field 3; and the magnetic field above the earth's surface Negative charges also generate current field 4 as the earth rotates, corresponding to a magnetic field, which can be called magnetic field 4. Since the total amount of positive and negative charges is equal, the overall effect of magnetic field 3 and magnetic field 4 is zero. To sum up, magnetic field 2 is the main source of the geomagnetic field. Specific data needs to be modeled and calculated based on detailed data such as solar radiation and continental plate distribution.

(4) How the earth achieves charge balance

The earth can be regarded as a supercapacitor. While the sun continues to charge the supercapacitor at 1600A, it is also charging at 1600A. Discharge (see the average lightning current of 1600A in Feynman's physics lecture notes, it can be inferred that the charging current is 1600A). This discharge is lightning. Therefore, the average current of lightning on the earth is 1600A. The current of lightning flows from the earth's surface to high altitude. Bottom up. Lightning needs to penetrate the air, so it often occurs in areas with high air humidity, such as rainy and windy weather, and higher altitude volcanic crater areas. The earth's surface electric field intensity exceeds 100V/m from bottom to top (see Feynman's physics lecture notes). The electric field distribution should be from the surface to the ionosphere. Therefore, it can be inferred that the earth's supercapacitor contains a lot of energy. Since the charge is so large, why don't we feel it? Because our locations are at the same electrical potential, and dry air is an excellent insulator, we don't feel anything.

(5) What problems will occur if surface vegetation is reduced?

It can be seen from the above points that the earth's large capacitance is a balanced system. For a long time, the ecological environment and vegetation coverage on the earth have been relatively stable. Therefore, the water content of the earth's surface has been relatively stable, and therefore the conductivity of the earth's surface has been relatively stable. According to this theory, when surface vegetation decreases, the conductivity of the surface decreases, which is manifested as an increase in resistance. That is to say, the internal resistance of the earth's capacitor increases, while the charging power, that is, solar radiation, is relatively stable. According to Joule's law, This increases the amount of heat generated by the earth's surface to a certain extent and promotes global warming to a certain extent.

(6) What will happen if surface vegetation disappears or a large-scale drought occurs?

For example, vegetation over thousands of kilometers in radius has disappeared or drought has caused large areas of the earth's surface to become insulators, making it impossible to flow according to the original electric field and a large amount of electric charges to accumulate on the surface. Due to the Coulomb force between charges, intuitively it appears as a crack on the surface of the land. Macroscopically, it appears as the tension of the continental plate where it is located, and the energy form is elastic potential energy. The longer the drought lasts, the greater the energy accumulation. When the moist air moves to this area, due to the moisture of the rain, the earth becomes a better conductor again, and a large amount of electric charge accumulated on the surface quickly moves to the tip zone, resulting in heavy rain, accompanied by a large number of lightning, and the energy is quickly released. Causes abnormal movement of continental plates. This energy release is insignificant to the earth, but it is extremely destructive to humans.

It can be known from this model that the continuous reduction of surface vegetation is one of the main driving forces of global climate anomalies. While the surface temperature is slowly rising, various abnormal weather phenomena are also occurring more and more frequently, among which there are complex factors. The interaction requires more and more detailed data, such as the atmosphere, ocean currents, geology, etc. This model can be used as a basic model of geophysics. Specific analysis of specific problems can also be extended to other celestial bodies and galaxies.

There are two main causes of uncontrolled human activities. On the one hand, the emission of greenhouse gases triggers the greenhouse effect; on the other hand, large amounts of acid rain reduce vegetation. The dual effects intensify climate abnormalities.