The ins and outs of Qin family in Hundred Family Names

Source of surname:

The first source: Yao's Qin Xubu, one of the seven friends, belongs to the ancestor's family.

Shun, Yao, You Yu, China and Yu Shun in history.

Shun Di has seven very close friends, known as "Seven Friends of Emperor Shun" in history, namely: Qin Xu Wei, Dong Buwei, Tao Xiong, Fang Hui, Xu Ya, Bai Yang and Fu Ling.

According to the historical book Fu Qun Lu, "one of the seven friends of Shun was Xu Qin, who was once the governor." It is also recorded in historical records, such as The Origin of the Big Surname, that the seven friends of Shun were not empty Qin, and all descendants were surnamed Qin.

Qin clan existed in ancient Shun Di. However, due to the lack of genealogical data after Qin dynasty, genealogists in Tang and Song dynasties have different views on the origin of Qin family, that is, taking the country as the surname and the city as the surname.

The second origin: Qin Yi, which originated from the surname of Ji, is the fief of the descendants of Lu and belongs to Juyi.

At the beginning of the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, his brother Duke Zhou was sealed in the state of Lu (now Qufu, Shandong) and called Duke Lu. Lu Guogong stayed in Haojiang, the capital because of his assistant son, and was made king by his son Ji Bo.

A descendant of Lu Hou lived in Qin (now the ancient city of Fan County, Henan Province), and their descendants took the name of their ancestors' feudal city as their surname, which was called Qin.

The most important form of political organization in the Western Zhou Dynasty is the patriarchal clan system, which originated from the patriarchal clan system, and its core is the "eldest son inheritance system", that is, the eldest son is the eldest son and the rest are the second sons. For example, the first generation of princes are often the brothers of kings. They are a small clan relative to the king, and their eldest son can inherit the title of prince. The other sons are naturally earl, the position relative to the marquis is a small clan, and so on.

The patriarchal clan system in the Western Zhou Dynasty had a far-reaching impact on the emergence and evolution of surnames. Generally, the eldest son of the monarch of a vassal state inherits his father as the monarch; The illegitimate child of the monarch, also known as illegitimate child, has no right to inherit the throne. He must establish a new family and become the ancestor of this branch (new family). This is what the ancient book The Book of Rites said. In this way, other sons often create some new surnames, which are inherited by the eldest son. Qin's family originated from Ji's surname and was initiated by another son's indirect descendant. Its inheritance and connection are as follows:

According to the history book Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surnames, when he was in office, he gave the minibus (Hao) market in Qufu (now the northeast ancient city of Qufu City, Shandong Province) to his younger brother and named him Duke Lu. Later, when he died, he was still young and had no ability to govern the country independently. In order to help him become king, he sent his son Boqin (the father of birds) to Fenglu (now in the southwest of Shandong, with its capital Qufu). Before he left, the Duke of Zhou warned him: "Although I am the son of Zhou Wenwang, the brother of Zhou Wuwang and the uncle of Zhou Chengwang, I should be in a prominent position, but I am still afraid that I will fall into the world's sages, and I often grab my hair and have a full meal. When you go to Shandong, you must be careful, and you must not be arrogant just because you are a royal family. " After arriving in Shandong, under the guidance of Duke Zhou, he devoted himself to governing the country and played an important role in pacifying the "Three Prison Disorders". Lu presents a clean and peaceful scene. The descendants of Boqin took the male family as a doctor and ate in Qin Yi (now the ancient city of Fan County, Henan Province). Later generations took the city as their surname, and when they called Qin, they looked at Taiyuan County.

Most historical records that hold the orthodoxy of the two-week dynasty in history think that Qin, who originated from the descendants of Ji Boqin, is an authentic Qin, such as the Qin merchants of Lu, Yan and Chu, all of whom are descendants of Qin in Lu. This is the source of Qin family in Henan and Shandong.

The third origin: it comes from the won surname, from the fief that Zhou gave to the concubine of Boyi's descendants, and belongs to the national title.

Won the surname Qin is the descendant of Emperor Zhuan Xu, taking the country name as his surname.

According to historical records such as Yuan He's Surname Compilation and Historical Records, it is said that there was a granddaughter named Nvxiu in Zhuan Xu who lived happily all day. Once she went to play in the wild, she found a mysterious bird egg (swallow or crow) and ate it without hesitation. As a result, she became pregnant and gave birth to her son Hao Tao (Daye). Later, she married Shao Dian's daughter Hua and gave birth to Boyi (which cost a lot of money). Shun Di, because Boyi assisted Dayu in water control, named him Won surname, Boyi became the ancestor of Won, and at the same time married a woman of her own race, Yao. Miss Yao gave birth to two sons. The youngest son Ruomu is the ancestor of Fei, and the eldest son is called Dalian. Because the government inherited his father's ability to tame birds and beasts, it is also called a bird layman. Bird custom worked conscientiously, and in Shang Dynasty, it was appreciated by Tai Wu, the emperor of Shang Dynasty, and was made a vassal.

In Shang Zhouwang, there was a descendant named Fei Lian. Fei Lian is a scud, and his son E Lai is a Hercules. Both father and son became close friends of Shang Zhouwang, but they were courtiers. When Zhou Wuwang and Ji Fa went out of business, Fei Lian and Loy were both killed. Fei Lian's youngest son, Ji Sheng, has a great-grandson, Zhao Fu, who became a driving doctor in Ji Man, Zhou Muwang. He was sealed in Zhao Cheng and became the ancestor of Zhao's family.

Rhoda, a descendant of Hubei, joined Zaofu and was loved by Zaofu. It was sealed in Goushan by Zhou Muwang (now Xingping in Shaanxi and Lixian in Gansu). Rhoda has an illegitimate child named Feizi, who likes to deal with cattle and sheep since childhood and is famous for being good at animal husbandry when he grows up. He raised thoroughbred horses in Taolin (now Huashan, Shaanxi) for Zhouji Bifang, and the horses propagated rapidly. Zhou Wang Xiao was very happy, so he was named Qin Gu (now Tianshui, Gansu Province), a vassal state of the Zhou Dynasty, and his surname was Qin Wang, also known as Qin Wang.

Sun Qinzhong, Feizi's third son, was appointed as a doctor by Ji Jing, Zhou Xuanwang. Qin Zhong was killed by the northern minority Zurong in Zhou Xuanwang in the sixth year (822 BC), but his eldest son finally defeated Zurong. When Qin Zhuanggong's son Qin Xianggong arrived in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Wang You's rebellion broke out. The dog army attacked Haojing, Zhou Youwang was killed, and Qin Xianggong saved the Western Zhou Dynasty by fighting. Later, when Zhou Pingwang Ji Yijiu moved eastward (770 BC), Qin Xianggong sent troops to escort him to seal the vassal. After moving eastward to Luoyang, Zhou Pingwang gave Qin Xianggong a large area of land east of Qishan, which was beyond the control of the royal family, and Qin became an independent vassal state.

Although Qin Xianggong was given the opportunity to develop freely in Guanzhong area, it still faced a severe survival test at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China. In fact, the Rong and Di nationalities live in the given land. In order to survive, Qin must fight against Rong and Di for a long time, constantly expand itself and expand its territory. The struggle in the first few years ended in the failure of Qin. Qin Xianggong watched the land be granted to him, but he couldn't get it. He was very unwilling, so he attacked Rong and Di year after year. Qin Xianggong once led troops to his fief Qishan, but failed to gain a foothold, so he had to return to his hometown "Xichuang". It was not until the fourth year after Qin Wengong ascended the throne (762 BC) that Qin finally repelled the Rong clan, really occupied the fief granted by the Zhou Emperor, and made friends with its capital (now Luochuan, Shaanxi), which laid the foundation for Qin's future strength.

Qishan is the hometown of ancient Zhou people and the most developed place of agricultural production at that time. The climate here is mild, the soil is fertile, and there are many experienced workers. Qin took advantage of these favorable conditions to build a city here and turn the backward nomadic economy into a more advanced agricultural economy. During the decades in power, although Qin made no military progress, it consolidated the vast area west of Qishan and developed the slave economy, laying the foundation for greater victory in the future.

After Qin Wengong's death, Qin Xiangong succeeded to the throne. Qin Xiangong moved the capital of Qin State to Pingyang (now Baoji, Shaanxi Province), and later eliminated some small separatist forces near the capital, and the western part of Guanzhong was basically controlled by Qin State. In Qin Wugong, he moved the capital to Yong (now Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province), expanded his power to the east and west by force, and constantly won the battle against Rong. After more than 80 years of struggle, Qin finally established a powerful vassal state with Guanzhong as the center, starting from Tianshui, Gansu Province in the west and Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province in the east, with Liyang (now Lintong, Shaanxi Province) as its capital.

During the Warring States Period, Qin Mugong won the bid and swept the twelve countries, initially establishing the hegemony of Xirong. However, in the early Warring States period, due to the backward economy and frequent civil strife, the national strength gradually declined, and the Hexi area (now between Luoshui and the Yellow River in the north) was captured by Wei. After Qin Xiaogong won the Koran regime, he boldly used Shang Yang to carry out political reform, and his national strength gradually increased. Later, he moved the capital to Xianyang (now Xianyang, Shaanxi) and became the first of the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period.

By the time Qin Huiwen was in power, Qin defeated Wei, regained his glory, and finally regained Hexi, and vigorously broke through the territory to attack Shu in Cuba and seize Hanzhong in Chu. Later, Ying Ji and Zhao Xiang, king of Qin, launched a continuous war of external expansion, attacking cities and plundering land, which greatly weakened the vassal states of Wei, Han, Zhao and Chu.

In the 19th year of the reign of the King of Qin (227 BC), Ying Zheng, King of Qin, formed an alliance with the Quartet, eventually destroying the six countries, unifying the world and establishing the first unified feudal dynasty in China history-the Qin Dynasty. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, thought he was "three emperors and five emperors", so he called himself "the first emperor". After Qin Shihuang made Xianyang his capital, he further unified the southeast and southwest regions.

The Qin dynasty has been passed down for two generations for twelve years. Because of its harsh bureaucracy and excessive war, it was overthrown by Liu Bang, the king of Hanzhong, and replaced by the Western Han Dynasty in the first year of Qin's victory over Zi Ying (206 BC). The king of Qin was killed by Xiang Yu.

After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, the descendants of Wang who obtained the surname took the name of the old country and the old dynasty as the surname, which was called Qin. According to historical records, "When Zi Ying was destroyed, Shu Ren thought it was Qin", which is the source of Qin in Shaanxi. This book holds that this is an original work of Qin.

The fourth origin: from foreign countries, from the ancient Qin people in Han Dynasty, belonging to the sinicization and surname change.

According to the historical book "The History of the Later Han Dynasty", Daqin "encircles its country in the West Sea, but it is connected to Lu Dao in the northwest" and "is famous for thousands of miles in the east, west, north and south". There are more than 400 cities. There are many treasures in the soil, including luminous jade, bright moon pearls, scary chicken rhinoceros, fire-wrapped cloth, coral, amber, colored glass, Ji Lang, Dani, sapphire and rare things. ”。 In other geographical categories or unofficial history Miscellaneous Notes, there are also many rare loanwords made by Daqin.

The "Daqin" mentioned in Hanshu Shiji actually refers to the ancient Roman Empire. Through the Silk Road, China strengthened economic and cultural exchanges with Daqin in the Han Dynasty.

In the 9th year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 97), Ban Chao was ordered to take Gan Ying to Daqin. Gan Ying and his party started from Kucha (now Kuqa, Xinjiang), passed through Tiaozhi (now Iraq), rest in peace (now Iran) and other countries, and finally rested in the Persian Gulf on the western border. It is difficult to sail to Daqin because of the drastic changes in the weather at sea.

In A.D. 166, King Qin sent messengers to China with many gifts. During the period of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, the Great Qin State once again sent envoys to China. In later generations, China had closer contacts with the State of Daqin. In the Tang Dynasty, Nestorianism, introduced from the Great Qin State, was popular in China, and its unearthed Inscription "Nestorianism Popular China Monument" was the inscription.

After Daqin people came to China for business or business, most of them stayed voluntarily because of China's rich resources, beautiful mountains and rivers and highly developed culture, and they didn't want to go back. Later, these people followed the traditional customs of the Han nationality and took the Chinese translation of "Qin" as their surname. Since then, the descendants have multiplied from generation to generation in China, known as Qin. Qin Lun was a famous businessman in the Three Kingdoms period and one of the representatives of the Qin family.

China was often called "Qin" in ancient western regions and Europe, and later China was collectively called "zhina" in western countries, that is, the pronunciation of Guladin derivative of the word "Qin".