What prepositions are there in French?

The preposition (La préposition) has no morphological changes. Prepositions are usually placed in front of postposition components, and their main function is to connect various sentence components and show their relationship.

Form of preposition

French prepositions can usually be divided into three categories: simple prepositions, prepositional phrases (that is, compound prepositions) and prepositions transformed from participle forms or adjectives.

The simple prepositions of 1. 1

à (in, in)

Avec (and, and)

Par (quilt, use)

opposition

Chez (in ...)

Virtue (slave, ego)

Avant-garde (before …)

Après (after …)

Depuis (from)

Dès (self)

Devant (before ...)

After Derrier (in ...)

Within ... )

Pendant (in ...)

Dance (Inner ...)

Hoth (outdoor ...)

Entrance (between ...)

Palme (between ...)

Outre (except ...)

Hormis (except ...)

(Under ...)

Sur (in, about)

Envers (face, face)

Vers (facing, approaching)

Fall for ...

San (none)

Proximity

Theron (according to)

Marguerite (though)

1.2 compound prepositions mainly include

à cause de (due to)

Force de (due to)

gr？ fortunately

Faute de (due to lack)

Afin de (for...)

à travers (after)

O-De Seuss-De (I ...)

(Under ...)

Defa? In (so that ...)

Anyway ...)

The way out

Pristina (near)

On the contrary.

aspectant

De Maniea (in order to)

Daprai (according to)

(Starting from ...)

Palapotà (with ...)

Conform to (according to)

1.3 Prepositions transformed from participles and adjectives

Attention (in view of)

In view of

relevant

Touch (approximately)

Durant (when ...)

Unless (except ...)

Moyennant (borrowed)

Pass (after ...)

Plein (full)

Suivant (according to)

Two. The use of prepositions

2. 1 postposition component (rule)

The words or phrases that can be placed behind a preposition are called postposition components, and nouns, pronouns, numerals, infinitives, adverbs and so on can be used as postposition components of a preposition. Prepositions can also form auxiliary verbs with present participles. Adjectives and past participles can also be postpositioned.

1, noun as preposition

There is a voice in this place. There is a car in the square.

2. Pronouns are used as postpositions of prepositions.

This incident triggered a great change. The accident changed her greatly.

3. Numerals are used as postpositions of prepositions.

what's up Sixth floor. He cut the cake into six pieces.

4. infinitives are used as postpositions of prepositions.

She began to sing. She began to sing.

5. Adverbs are used as postpositions of prepositions.

Cestouristes is on Venus. These tourists come from far away places.

6. Preposition en and postposition present participle form auxiliary verbs.

If you fly, you will arrive on time.

7. Adjectives and past participles are used as postpositions of prepositions.

Two soldiers were killed.

2.2 Usage of Prepositions

Preposition itself cannot be a sentence component, but it can be combined with postposition components to become a sentence component. Preposition can be used as noun complement, pronoun complement, adjective complement, object, adverbial, predicate and even predicate.

1 as the complement of a noun or pronoun

This is a library. There is a subway station near the library.

Please don't let others notice you. This did not attract anyone's attention.

2. As a complement of adjectives

We, China people, are in our hometown. We in China are proud of our country.

3. As various objects of verbs.

Children are managers. The child is learning to swim. (as a direct object)

Sylvie Parr's trip to China. Sylvie is talking about her trip to China. (as an indirect object)

4. As adverbial

This is not my party. He didn't take me alone.

Later, jervis, you tell a history. While waiting, I'll tell you a story.

5. As a predicative

Lavest is in Boston. This dress is pure cotton.

6. As a predicate

Ilachè re son histoire，Ettous de rire。 After he finished the story, everyone laughed.

pay attention to

Whether a preposition is omitted or repeated when it encounters more than two postpositions depends on the specific situation.

1) The prepositions à, de and en should be repeated in principle, such as:

Sylvie Estri's son and daughter. Sylvie is proud of her son and daughter.

2) If several postpositions refer to the same thing or complement, the prepositions à, de and de need not be repeated, for example:

We called our colleagues and me. We asked our friends and colleagues for advice. (referring to the same person)

3) Prepositions other than à, de and en generally do not need to be repeated, for example:

Tell me? Utavec Amabilité and méme have a certain degree of satisfaction. He received me warmly and even with satisfaction.

Three. Usage of several main prepositions

3. Usage of1

1, which guides all kinds of adverbials and has a very wide meaning;

1) indicates the place and guides the adverbial of the place, such as:

They go to Lyon at the weekend. They went to Lyon for the weekend.

2) Adverbials indicating time and guidance time, such as:

A midi, there will be no one in this place. At noon, there was no one in the square.

3) Adverbials expressing purpose and guiding purpose, such as:

This man is not a friend. This man is useless.

4) means tools, such as:

Ce la company? Honey, this is the main road. This pullover is very expensive. This is hand-woven.

5) Express and guide adverbials, such as:

We bought a house. We bought an apartment by mortgage.

6) said the price, such as:

Frances Chakun's voyage. These travel bags cost 50 francs each.

7) Adverbials indicating subordinates and guiding subordinates, such as:

What style is this? Whose pencils are these?

2. To guide various noun complements, which has a wide range of meanings;

1) indicates the position, for example:

Peace is fragile. Peace in this country is fragile.

2) said the time, such as:

A son left Aubrey, and his address was a telegram. He sent me a telegram when he left early in the morning.

3) said the subordinate relationship, such as:

Our love for travelers. The responsibility of all of us is to work.

4) indicate the purpose, such as:

Machines in times of crisis. Please lend me your typewriter.

In addition, the complement of leading nouns can also indicate raw materials, tools, properties, characteristics and so on.

3, guide the object, such as:

I hope you are happy. I really miss you. (As a direct object, penser's special requirements)

He is an assistant independent of Russia. He is indifferent to my success. (as an indirect object)

4, guide adjective complement, such as:

This is a beautiful house. This house is similar to many others.

5. Put the infinitive after the auxiliary verbs être and avoir to indicate "should" and "need", for example:

This problem has been solved. These problems need to be solved.

6. Usage before infinitive;

1) put in front of the infinitive to indicate something, such as:

I'll say whatever you say. Please wait a moment, I have something to say to you.

2) put it in front of the infinitive to indicate conditions and assumptions, such as:

This is a mistake. In this way, it's all over.

7. Used before nouns to indicate quick action, such as:

What does this mean? Check. On hearing this, he flew into a rage.

8. Used to express wishes and calls before saving nouns, such as:

Goodbye! Goodbye!

Goodbye. Help!

3.2 use of de

1, an adverbial that leads to various meanings;

1) indicates the adverbial of the place and the guiding place, such as:

I see the machine. I come from China.

2) Adverbials indicating time and guidance time, such as:

I don't like you? Everything is fine. I didn't sleep a wink all night.

3) Adverbials indicating reasons and guiding reasons, such as:

She was fired. She was punished for making mistakes.

4) Guide passive adverbials, such as:

Professors should be respected by students. The professor is respected by the students.

5) Express and guide adverbials, such as:

Give me a proper signature. He nodded to me.

6) Adverbials indicating degree, quantity and guidance, such as:

Is this a kind of entertainment? Who played a joke and set the alarm clock back an hour?

2. Guide various noun complements;

1) indicates subordination, such as:

This is the patron saint of Jacques. He is Jacques' boss.

2) said materials, properties, such as:

This is a library. There is a subway station near the library.

3) Active behavior, such as:

How are you? Madame bossuet. I appreciate Bossuet's works very much.

4) the object of behavior, such as:

Public attention to architecture. The construction of this bridge has aroused public concern.

3. Guide indirect objects, such as:

Are you free today? What did you just say?

4, used to contact general pronouns and quality adjectives, such as:

How long have you been? Haven't you heard the better news?

5, used to contact infinitives, which in itself is meaningless, such as:

I really like this party. I think it's better to let him leave.

6. Combine with other prepositions to form compound prepositions, such as:

Hello. I arrest you in the name of the law.

7. Used to connect nouns and adjectives or past participles, such as:

During the four days of freedom, we lived a leisurely life. I have a four-day holiday, so we can go on holiday.

8, used in negative sentences instead of indefinite articles or some articles, such as:

Pierre, yes, he is not a friend. You should help Pierre. He is alone and has no friends.

3.3 the use of avec

1, leading various adverbials;

1) accompanied by leading adverbials, such as

He is with my son. He walks with his friends.

2) Adverbials of expression and guidance, such as:

I accept Mr. Price's invitation. I accept your invitation with pleasure.

3) Tools to guide adverbials, such as:

Les fran？ Our management is very good. The French eat with forks.

4) Adverbials indicating time at the same time, such as:

Sounds like a part of life. His uncle always gets up at dawn all the year round.

5) said the two are related, such as:

I don't agree with you. I don't agree with him.

6) According to, about, such as:

Aawick Rui, he doesn't have a silver hat. Only money can help him.

2, guide the noun or adjective complement, such as:

She has a room by the sea. She rented a room with a view of the sea.

3.avec can be converted into adverbs and used in idioms, such as:

He is a paraplegic prisoner. He picked up his umbrella and took it away.

3.4 the use of Dan

Dans generally only guides adverbials;

1, adverbial indicating orientation and guiding orientation, such as:

He is a beautiful man. There are many people in the hall.

2. Adverbials indicating state and guiding state, such as:

But we walk fast in the street. But we follow the rules.

3. Adverbials indicating time and guidance time, such as:

They get together on the fifth. They will leave in half a month.

4, said the approximate number, such as:

Saproprié té vaut has millions of new French assets. His property is worth about 9 million francs.

3.5 the use of en

1, leading various adverbials;

1) indicates the place, and the nouns behind it generally do not use articles, which is different from prepositions à and dans. En leads the adverbial of place. For example:

Hello.-Hello! Please get on the bus!

pay attention to

Indicates the location. If a country is involved, the country name of the feminine noun is preceded by en, and the article is omitted. The country name of masculine nouns is preceded by à, and the article cannot be omitted, for example:

I love France. He used to live in France.

This is an advanced research in Japan. He received higher education in Japan.

2) Adverbials indicating time and guidance time, such as:

I spent a quarter of an hour writing this letter.

3) season, such as:

Anyway, it was an accident. It's windy in winter.

4) Express and guide adverbials, such as:

You can't go to school. Don't be angry.

2, guide the noun or adjective complement, such as:

This was a month ago. This is a gold watch.

3, guide predicative, such as:

We are friends. We regard him as a friend.

4. Together with the present participle, it forms a secondary verb, such as:

Later, jervis, you tell a history. While waiting, I'll tell you a story.

5.de and en are used together to mean "from ... to ...", such as:

Work day by day. He works less and less.

3.6 Usage of Dumping

1, which is mainly used to guide adverbials;

1) Adverbial indicating destination and guiding place, such as:

I attended a party in London. I'm going to London.

2) Adverbials indicating a certain period of time, such as:

Forgive me for this. We forgive you this time.

3) indicates exchange, and guides adverbials indicating exchange, such as:

Can you change 10 francs? What can I buy for ten dollars?

4) Adverbials expressing purpose and guiding purpose, such as:

I don't like these books because they are for you. I give you these books for you to read.

5) Adverbials indicating the guiding reasons, such as:

Besides, why don't you go? Is that why you didn't come?

6) said the continuation of the action, such as:

Where are you? He went out as soon as he came in.

7. Adverbials expressing results and guiding results, such as:

This is a good job. He is too old to work.

8 stands for as, which is equivalent to comme, such as:

We prayed for our son. We regard him as a brother.

9, as a comparison, guide comparative adverbials, such as:

I'm cold. It's a little cold for this season.

2, guide nouns and adjectives complement, such as:

This is a medicine for influenza. This is cold medicine.

This film is for adults. This film is instructive for adults.

3. Reverse Chorus, Computer, Lesser, Pass, prendre, reconna? Tre and tenir are used together to guide predicates, such as:

In My Choice. Everyone chose him as an interpreter.

Elle passait is flirting. Everyone thinks she is very graceful.

3.7 use of par

1, which is mainly used to guide various adverbials;

1) indicates the location, and the adverbial guiding the location indicates "passing", such as:

I am in Beijing, and I am here. If you pass by Beijing, please come and see me.

2) Representation, tools, guidance and tool adverbials, such as:

I am a navigator. I'd rather travel by air.

3) Adverbials indicating time, weather and guidance time, such as:

Jene Puisvous Conduire in a parade in Paris. I can't take you to the market in this weather.

4) Adverbials indicating reasons and guiding reasons, such as:

I heard the voice of New Palmas. I learned the news from my neighbor.

5) Guide passive adverbials, such as:

vot project atéchoisipar le directeur。 The manager chose your plan.

6) indicates the allocation unit, such as:

We have two relatives in China. We go to the movies twice a month.

2. Form a phrase with other words;

1)par-ci, par-là, and par-ici indicate the direction, such as:

Goodbye, sir! This way, please, sir!

2) In the name of law.

3. As a complement to nouns and adjectives, such as:

Illreste Fidé le Pardevoir。 He is loyal to his duties.

3.8 usage of usage

1, as a noun complement, means lack and nonexistence, which is contrary to the meaning of avec, such as:

It is not a rose without pine trees. No rose without a thorn.

2, as an adverbial;

1) indicates the condition and guides the adverbial of the condition, such as:

You didn't reach your destination. Investigate first, or you will accomplish nothing.

2) Adverbials indicating "exclusion" and "guidance" indicate accompaniment, such as:

This is not a political party. He left without saying a word.

3, as a predicative, such as:

This is reckless. He is brazen.

4, used alone, as adverbs, such as:

Are you the moon of the sun? Did you bring sunglasses?

No, I didn't bring it when I came out.

3.9 the use of sur

1, adverbial indicating direction, position and guiding place, such as:

Chef of j' ai laisséla porte restaurant. I left my key on the door.

Where is your right and where is the pharmacy? Turn right, and the drugstore is there.

2, said "accumulation", guiding adverbial, such as:

I landed in Victoria Harbour. The army won one victory after another.

3. Adverbials indicating "approaching" time and guiding time, such as:

It's not at night. It began to snow at night.

4, said "according to, according to", guide the adverbial, such as:

He is not in the mine. Never judge a book by its cover.

5. Adverbials indicating "influence, function" and guiding direction, such as:

You bought a computer. You can trust him.

6. Adverbials indicating scores and guiding figures, such as:

cinqélèves Surdix ontéAdmisàl ' oral。 Ten students passed five in the oral exam.

3. 10 Discrimination of several prepositions or phrases commonly used to express the concept of time

Depuis is used to guide the starting point of a certain time extension, which can be a specific date or a certain time period. The verb in the sentence indicates the progressive state, usually using the present tense. Il y a means a period of time has passed, while il y a…que means depuis, for example:

Avril Lavigne of France, 200 1. April 1 1 started living in France.

There are three homes in France. I started living in France three years ago.

This is a two-night party. He left two hours ago.

I work in China .. I started working five years ago.

Both En and independent mean "within a certain period of time", but independent focuses on the continuation of time, which is not what en means. In addition, en can also mean "how much time". Dances means "how much time has passed", which is equivalent to après, au bout de, and pour is mainly used to guide a certain period of time, such as:

He works two days a semester. He finished the work in two hours.

She has a pendant and a ring. She waited for me for over an hour.

My friend left today. My friend will leave in two hours.

The new president was elected. The term of office of the new chairman is two years.