20 19 geography for the college entrance examination 3 1 answer template general formula routines for high school geography.

Geography is one of the subjects in the college entrance examination, and the multiple-choice questions are short and pithy, which should not be underestimated. There are a large number of subjective questions to answer, and the knowledge to be mastered is wide. Below, I sorted out the templates and routines of geographical answers for your reference!

Geography of College Entrance Examination 3 1 answer template river

1

Hydrological characteristics of rivers:

1. Flow: size, seasonal change and interruption (depending on precipitation characteristics, rainwater supply and river area).

2. Sediment concentration: It depends on the vegetation status of the basin.

3. Ice Age: Is it available and its length?

4. Water level: high and low, change characteristics (depending on river recharge type, water conservancy project and lake water storage)

5. Water energy: It is related to topography (river drop and flow rate) and climate (precipitation, runoff and evaporation).

6. Ice flood

2

Characteristics of river system:

Origin, length and estuary; 2. Flow direction; 3. Basin area; 4. Water drop size (water energy); 5. River straightness; 6. Tributary and tributary shape; 7. Is there a lake connection?

three

The reason why the river is large:

What climate zone (1) is located in, with abundant precipitation; ② The basin area is large and the catchment area is wide. ③ There are many tributaries and a huge water system.

four

River recharge:

Rainwater (atmospheric precipitation), glacier melt water, lake water and groundwater.

five

The recharge relationship between rivers and groundwater and lake water;

River water supplies groundwater and lake water in rainy season, but the opposite is true in dry season.

six

Rivers mainly replenished by melting water of ice and snow;

The change of flow rate is related to temperature, with large seasonal change and small interannual change.

seven

Conditions for ice flood in rivers:

① Flowing from low latitude to high latitude.

② The highest temperature in Leng Yue is below 0℃.

Climate:

1

Factors affecting temperature:

1. Latitude (decisive factor). Specific impacts: solar height, day length, solar radiation and daily range, annual range (temperature days in low latitudes and annual range are smaller than those in high latitudes).

2. Terrain. Shaded and sunny slopes, altitude

3. Land and sea location: distance from the ocean, continental ocean.

4. Ocean currents. (Warm current: heating and humidifying; Cold current: cooling and dehumidification)

5. Atmospheric circulation and weather conditions. Where there is more rain, the annual temperature is lower than that in places with less rain.

6. Underlying surface: ground reflectivity (high snow reflectivity and low temperature); The daily temperature and annual range of green land are less than that of bare land.

7. Human activities: heat island effect, greenhouse effect, etc

2

Daily range and annual range's law;

The daily temperature range is the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature in a day. Its size is related to latitude, season, weather conditions and surface characteristics.

① Relationship between daily temperature range and latitude: The higher the latitude, the smaller the daily temperature range.

Reason: The higher the latitude, the smaller the daily variation of the sun's height.

② Relationship between daily range and weather: The daily range on cloudy days is smaller than that on sunny days.

③ Relationship between diurnal range and land and sea: The diurnal range in coastal areas is smaller than that in inland areas.

④ Relationship between daily range and altitude: the daily range at the top of the mountain is smaller than that in the plain below the mountain; In plateau mountainous areas, the higher the altitude, the greater the daily amplitude.

Temperature annual range: The difference between the highest and lowest monthly average temperature in a year is called temperature annual range, or temperature annual range. Its size is related to latitude, land and sea distribution and other factors.

① Relationship between temperature annual range and latitude: The higher the latitude, the greater the annual range.

Reasons: The higher the latitude, the greater the annual variation of the noon sun height, the greater the annual variation of the length of day and night, and therefore the greater the annual variation of the temperature; The opposite is true at low latitudes.

② The relationship between annual range and land and sea: The farther away from the sea, the greater the annual range.

Reasons: the heat capacity of land is smaller than that of ocean, and the temperature rises rapidly in summer, and the temperature is higher than that of ocean; In winter, the temperature drops rapidly, and the temperature is lower than that of the ocean, so the temperature is higher than that of the ocean within the year. Coastal areas are greatly influenced by the ocean, which is smaller than inland annual range.

③ Topography: Highlands are smaller than depressions and valleys, and the higher the altitude, the smaller the annual variation.

For example, compared with the plains and basins at the same latitude in China, the annual temperature difference on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is smaller than that on the other hand. This is because: the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a large plateau with middle and low latitudes. Due to its high altitude, the temperature in summer will not be too high; In winter, due to the low latitude and high terrain, the influence of cold wind in winter is weak and the temperature will not be too low.

④ Weather: In sunny areas, the annual temperature is higher than that in rainy areas, for example, Xinjiang is higher than the coastal areas at the same latitude.

⑤ Vegetation: annual range in high vegetation coverage area is smaller than annual range in bare land.

three

Analysis of influencing factors of precipitation;

① Atmospheric circulation factor-the factor that determines precipitation.

The monsoon control area is more in summer and autumn than in winter and spring; Subtropical high control area has less precipitation, drought in summer, tropical desert climate and Mediterranean climate; The control area of equatorial low pressure zone is rich in precipitation; There is more precipitation in the westerlies and less precipitation in the trade winds. (pay attention to the wind direction: it is often rainy when the wind meets the shore; The wind seldom rains at sea)

(2) Weather system factors-more precipitation in low-pressure center and trough, less precipitation in high-pressure center and ridge; Frontal control precipitation, such as plum rain, Guiyang winter rain and northern summer rainstorm; Cyclone transit precipitation is more, such as winter in western Europe, spring in northeast China and south China; Anti-cyclone transit precipitation is less, such as summer drought; There was a lot of precipitation when the typhoon crossed the border.

③ Ocean current factor: there is more precipitation in the coastal warm current flow area; There is little precipitation in the coastal cold current flow area.

④ Land and sea location: generally, there is more precipitation along the coast; There is little precipitation in the inland.

⑤ Terrain: Warm and humid air flow has more precipitation on windward slope and less precipitation on leeward slope (foehn effect).

four

Comparison of climate characteristics between the two places;

① Temperature (minimum monthly temperature, annual temperature difference and daily temperature difference)

② Precipitation (total precipitation, seasonal distribution and rainy season).

five

The westerly wind is weak in summer and strong in winter;

(It can be used to explain one of the reasons why the winter wind is stronger than the summer monsoon in China) Because the temperature difference between high and low latitudes in winter is large, the pressure difference is large, and the horizontal pressure gradient force is large. Summer is the opposite.

six

Characteristics of continental climate:

(1) The annual range and diurnal temperature range is large.

② Less precipitation.

③ It is hot in Leng Xia in winter.

seven

Characteristics of maritime climate:

(1) The annual range and diurnal temperature range is small, and it is warm in winter and cool in summer.

(2) The precipitation is abundant, the seasonal distribution is even, and the interannual change is small.

eight

Influencing factors of dry humidity:

Precipitation and evaporation are determined together.

nine

Influencing factors of fog and frost:

1. Humidity (near rivers, lakes and reservoirs);

2. Terrain (low-lying land, in mountainous areas);

3. Dust (roadside, urban area, construction site, mining area)

10

Influencing factors of wind power generation:

1. Pressure gradient force;

2. Distance from the high pressure center;

3. Friction (flat and open ground, at sea);

4. How much vegetation;

5. Terrain (narrow tube effect of canyon mouth on plateau)

The movement of the earth

1, factors affecting solar radiation:

1. Latitude: determines the height of the sun at noon and the length of the day.

2. Altitude: high altitude, thin air and strong solar radiation (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Deccan Plateau, Brazil Plateau, East Africa Plateau, etc.). )

3. Weather conditions (sunny day, sufficient solar radiation) (northwest of China, Central Asia, West Asia, North Africa, inland of the western United States, central and western Australia, etc.). )

4. Air cleanliness: urban and rural areas

2. Factors affecting the height of snow line:

1. Precipitation (windward slope: more precipitation and low snow line. On the contrary, the snow line is high)

For example, the snow line on the southern slope of the Himalayas is lower than that on the northern slope; The snow line on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain is low; The snow line on the northern slope of Alps is low; The snow line on the western slope of the northern section of the Rocky Mountains and the southern section of the Andes is low; The snow line on the eastern slope of the southern section of the Rocky Mountains and the northern section of the Andes is low.

2. Temperature (high snow line on sunny slope and low snow line on shady slope; The snow line at middle and low latitudes is high, and the snow line at high latitudes is low)

3. Factors affecting the vertical band spectrum in mountainous areas:

1 latitude: at the same altitude, the higher the latitude, the simpler the band spectrum.

2. Altitude: At the same latitude, the higher the altitude, the more complex the band spectrum.

3. Heat: sunny slopes have many spectra and high positions, while shady slopes have few spectra and low positions.

4. Geological analysis: internal force+external force

1. Internal force: crustal movement (tension and compression), magmatic activity (volcano), metamorphism.

2. External force: weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition and consolidation into rocks.

5. How to analyze and understand the causes of salinity differences in different sea areas?

1. Sea areas with different latitudes: mainly consider the comparative relationship between evaporation and precipitation in each sea area.

The law is: from the subtropical sea area to the high latitude and low latitude on both sides.

2. In the same latitude sea area: mainly consider the influence of ocean current and runoff dilution.

influencing factor

Shadow sound

climate

Precipitation > evaporation, low salinity; Precipitation < & lt/FONT & gt；; Evaporation and salinity are high.

final

In the sea area where a large number of rivers are injected with fresh water, the salinity is low.

ocean current

At the same latitude, the salinity of the sea area where the cold current passes is low, and the salinity of the sea area where the warm current passes is high.

Sealing degree of sea area

Affect the exchange ability with the seawater in the nearby sea area.

6. How to analyze the causes of red tide?

1. Temperature and precipitation: generally occur in summer, but also occur from time to time in spring and autumn. (High temperature and little precipitation are easy to form red tide)

2. Wind and current: The formation, distribution, aggregation and diffusion of red tides are directly affected by the movement of water, which is also the reason why some harbors are prone to red tides. (The wind is weak and it is easy to form a red tide)

3. Impact of human activities: Human beings continuously discharge a large amount of domestic sewage, industrial wastewater and farmland wastewater into the ocean, and excessive mariculture causes eutrophication of the sea area.

7. Distribution analysis of natural vertical zones in mountainous areas;

1. Latitude position-Determines the base band type at the foot of the mountain.

2. Relative height-determines the degree of change of hydrothermal conditions (the above two points determine the number of natural zones).

3. Sunny slope and shady slope-the height that affects the distribution of vegetation.

4. Windward slope and leeward slope-affect precipitation and snow line height.

20 19 routine skills for high scores in geography in the college entrance examination (1) carefully examine the "stem". Master "keywords", "modifiers" and "determiners"

describe

Detailed description; Describe it briefly first, and then describe it in detail; There is no need to explain the reasons and reasons.

biographical notes

Outline description; Roughly describe from each specific element; No need to refine the description; There is no need to explain the reasons and reasons.

Frankly speaking,

Equivalent to "enumerating" elements; There is a parallel relationship between the main points; There is no need to explain the reasons and reasons.

complicated

"analysis+narration"; There must be reasons, results and opinions;

Language format: because ... so (reason) ..

Case analysis

"Example+analysis"; Be sure to combine specific examples to analyze its specific practices from this example.

evaluate

"favorable+unfavorable"; Language format: favorable: 1, 2,3 ... disadvantages: 1, 2,3. ..

analyse

"Advantages and their causes+disadvantages and their causes";

Language format: favorable: 1, because ... so (reason) ... 2. Disadvantages: 1, because ... so (reason) ... ..

compare

Answer two geographical things. Language format: because .. A is better than B. ...

meaning

Positive meaning+negative meaning; The meaning of local area+the meaning of other areas.

affect

Positive influence+negative influence; The influence of local areas (things)+the influence of other areas (things); Current influence+possible influence in the future; Natural environmental impact+socio-economic impact+ecological environmental impact

measure

Engineering measures (technical measures)+biological measures+management measures; Local measures+cooperation measures

judge

Cause+conclusion. Language format: true (reasonable) or false (unreasonable), because .....

change

Reflect the idea of "lifting, ascending, increasing, descending, descending first and then ascending, ascending first and then descending"

relationship

Idea: A leads to B and C ... embodies "causality, context, time, primary and secondary relations"

structure

Proportion; Main components; Appropriately evaluate its rationality

(2) List "templates". (See general template below)

(3) Carefully "screen". Filter according to qualifiers; Screening by region; Screening according to the characteristics of geographical things; Screening according to the materials provided by the topic.

(4) Brewing "language". "Nature first, then social economy"; "major first, minor later"; "There are their own reasons first, and then there are other reasons"; (first, first, then, first, then down, first, then out)

(5) write the answer. Geographical language (avoid vernacular), formulaic language (don't make your own sentences), logical language (don't contradict each other), refined language (don't say the same thing repeatedly), and hit the nail on the head (language doesn't beat around the bush).