Forest fire extinguishing method

Three methods of forest fire fighting

What are the three ways to put out forest fires? First, cool down, so that the combustible temperature drops below the ignition point, and put it out. Cold water is mainly used to inject combustible materials to absorb heat, reduce the temperature, and cool to below the ignition point to extinguish; Covering combustibles with wet soil can also achieve the effect of cooling. Second, it can isolate the heat source (fire source), so that the burning combustible can be separated from the unburned combustible, which will destroy the conduction of fire and achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing. In order to cut off the heat source (fire source), it is usually necessary to set up fire barriers, fire trenches, build firewalls, set fire barriers and spray chemical fire extinguishing agents to isolate the heat source (fire source). Third, forest burning must be cut off or reduced. Choke it and put it out. Fire extinguishing tools are mainly used for direct fire extinguishing, covering the fire with sand, and diluting the oxygen needed for combustion with chemicals, which will temporarily isolate combustible materials from the air and suffocate them. This method is only applicable to the initial fire. When the fire spreads and expands, the space to be isolated is too large and the effect is poor.

Basic knowledge of forest fire fighting

Basic principles of forest fire fighting: The basic principles of forest fire fighting are "fight early, fight small and fight big". Playing early is to put out the fire in time; Playing small is playing what just happened; Hit means the thoroughness of fire fighting. We should not only open fire, but also clean up the dark fire and eliminate all remaining fires.

Twelve elements of fire safety:

1, forest fire fighting shall not mobilize the disabled, pregnant women and children to directly participate in the fire fighting.

2. Firefighters must receive fire safety training.

3, abide by the fire discipline, obey the unified command and high scheduling, it is forbidden to act alone.

4. Keep communication smooth at all times.

5. Firefighters should be equipped with necessary equipment, such as helmets, fire suits, fire gloves, fire boots and fire tools.

6, pay close attention to observe the weather changes in the fire, pay special attention to the afternoon to the high incidence of casualties during the forest fire fighting.

7. Pay close attention to the types and flammability of combustible materials in the fire source to avoid entering flammable areas.

8, pay attention to the terrain conditions of the fire, fire fighters are not allowed to enter the three sides surrounded by mountains, saddle valley, narrow grass pond ditch, narrow valley, sunny hillside and other areas directly put out the fire.

9. When fighting forest fires, fire safety zones and evacuation routes should be selected in advance to prevent accidents.

10, once in a dangerous environment, keep a clear head and actively try to save yourself.

1 1. When fighting underground fires, be sure to find out the fire area and mark it properly to avoid entering the fire area by mistake.

12, the firemen are extremely exhausted, so they should rest in time and maintain strong physical strength.

What is a forest fire?

Forest fire refers to the behavior that forest fire is out of human control, spreads and expands freely in woodland, and brings certain harm and loss to forest, forest ecosystem and human beings.

Forest fire is a kind of natural disaster with strong suddenness, great destructiveness and great difficulty in disposal and rescue. After the forest fire, according to whether the forest is damaged or not and the size of the fire area, forest fires can be divided into forest fires (the affected forest area is less than 1 hectare or other woodlands are on fire), general forest fires (the affected forest area is greater than 1 hectare and less than 100 hectare) and major forest fires (the affected forest area is greater than 100 hectare and/kl)

Who knows some examples of forest fires?

Case 1: Longdou Village, Shuibei Town, Shaowu City "2? 14 "fire case 1. On February 14, 2004, farmers in Dashishan Farm of Xiachang Formation, Longdou Village, Shuibei Town, Shaowu City burned weeds in vegetable fields, causing a forest fire, which caused 8 deaths. The affected forest area is 27.5 hectares, and the fire duration is 19 hours. The direct cost of fire fighting is 26,000 yuan.

2. 1 1 40: 00 Introduction to the fire situation On February 4, 2004, Peng Yikang, a villager of Xiachang Formation in Longdou Village, set fire to reeds on the edge of the rice field without taking preventive measures, and left the bean farm for dinner. As a result, the fire head crossed the highway and railway, causing forest fires. At noon 12, the villager Dai found a fire on the mountain and immediately reported it to the secretary of the village party branch.

Kiwi Feng immediately organized villagers to rush to the fire to put out the fire. (1) Overview of the fire scene The 76th forest class (burned by the 77th forest class) is mountain-shaped, surrounded by Xiaocaotang ditch on three sides, with a valley bottom width of10m and a ditch bottom width of only 2-3m, which is a southeast slope with a slope length of100m. The casualty accident site is at the lower part of the hillside, only 20 meters away from the bottom of the slope. The mountain is high and steep with a general slope.

Shanchang is a mixed plantation of Chinese fir and Pinus massoniana in 2000, which has not been nursed for 3 years. There are 3-meter-high five-section awns, 2-meter-high awn bones and some small miscellaneous irrigation of succession trees in the forest, and the weed coverage rate reaches 95%. It is precisely because of the narrow slope and narrow ditch and the relatively concentrated combustible materials that the environmental conditions prone to high-intensity forest fires are formed.

On that day, the weather was northwest wind, the wind force 1-2, the temperature -0.6℃-23. 1℃, the humidity was 20%, there was no rainfall, and the fire risk rating was 5. (II) Fire Development Process and Analysis On June 4 12:20 or so, after receiving a phone call from the secretary of the Party branch of Longdou Village, the ranger He immediately called his three brothers and villagers Lin Quanshui 16, boarded the small four-wheeled agricultural vehicle of the villager You Jianjun, and rushed to the side of the burning mountain, ready to open a fire road to stop the fire from spreading.

At about 12:40, the fire area of Xushanchang has reached 100 mu, and 12 villagers directly entered the fire point and arrived at the drinking water source of Xiabian Group. The soldiers were divided into two ways. All the way to the water source is only about 20 meters away from the fire head, and the other way is up along the small ridge in the north direction. Four people jumped to the northeast along the drinking ditch on the right side of the fire source. After driving for 2-3 minutes, it was found that the northwest valley wind was blowing in the fire, accompanied by a cyclone of magnitude 3-4, and the fire was fierce and the visibility was low.

Why did you ask everyone to retreat quickly? How did four people run to the ecological public welfare forest in the northeast on the right side of the hillside and escape safely? What 65,438+00 people first ran to the hillside in the northeast, and then turned back to the northwest to run to the top of the mountain. Not far away, they were blocked by the fire from the top of the mountain. Because the mountain is steep, the mountain road is dangerous, the fire is strong, and the fire temperature reaches 2 1℃, and the wind speed reaches 2-3 meters per second. The river wind and the valley wind convect to form a whirlwind, and the smoke and dust are mixed on the hillside, so the visibility is extremely high.

He and He Guoshui ran at the end, slipped down the mountain and lay in a small ditch only about 8 meters away from the scene of the accident, and escaped by luck. The other eight people were confused, choked by the smoke in the fire, suffocated and burned to death by high temperature.

The whole combustion process only takes 20 minutes. This is an example of casualties caused by a rapid and high-intensity ground fire.

Three. Case Analysis (I) Cause Analysis Judging from the occurrence of this fire, the fire started from the vegetable fields on the floodplain beside the old 3 16 national highway, followed by farmland, railways and forests. The weeds on the roadside and ridges were high and dense, and they were easy to burn. It takes about 1 hour from the time the perpetrator lit the weeds to the mountain field, and the fire was not far from the village, so it should be found in time, but no one called the police until the forest fire crossed the road and the railway burned up the mountain.

It shows that there is a dead end in some places to publicize the masses in forest areas, and the responsibility for the management of wild fire sources is not implemented, especially after 1 1:00 in the morning or after 4:00 in the afternoon before the farmers call it a day, which is the peak period of agricultural fire use, and the rangers and those responsible for management and protection are not in place, resulting in a management vacuum, thus leading to a major disaster. Judging from the death of firefighters, after the villagers arrived at the fire site, they rushed into the forest land to set up a fire isolation belt without carefully observing the fire, meteorology and vegetation of the fire site. The route chosen to enter the fire site is unreasonable, the location of the isolation belt is incorrect, the fire extinguishing tools are crude, firefighters have no safety protection equipment, and their ability to escape and save themselves is poor. In the face of danger, they panicked and fled blindly, leading to tragedy.

(2) Some lessons to be learned: Although there are objective factors such as steep mountain terrain, complex forest vegetation and high intensity of mountain fires, the accident is also closely related to the poor quality of village commanders, with profound lessons: 1 It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education of fire safety and strengthen the management of fire sources. Forest fire prevention must start with publicity and education, and everyone must know the safe use of fire in the field to eliminate fire hazards.

2, should strengthen the training of forest fire fighting commanders and firefighters. Conduct systematic fire prevention professional knowledge and safety fire fighting knowledge training for fire fighting commanders, fire fighting team captains and full-time forest fire prevention cadres at all levels at the grass-roots level to improve their professional quality and command level.

It is necessary to strengthen the safety knowledge education of grass-roots firefighters and the training of their ability to escape and save themselves in distress to ensure the safety of firefighters. 3, strengthen the organization and command of fire fighting.

At the beginning of the fire, when the fire is not strong and the terrain conditions are favorable, people with fire fighting experience can be spontaneously organized to put out the fire. However, when the fire is large, the fire line is long, the terrain is dangerous, and the meteorological conditions are bad, the county and township (town) must organize professional and semi-professional teams to fight the fire in strict accordance with the requirements of the plan.

4. Firefighters should be equipped with corresponding safety protection articles, such as fire rescue cover, wet towel, kettle, matches, etc. Once in danger, you can save yourself and escape.

Case 2: Case 1 of "2.28" forest fire in Shang Yong Town, Dehua County. Case Summary On February 28th, 2004, at Huluban Mountain Field, Xia Yong Village, Shang Yong Town, Dehua County, Fujian Province, four people were killed because the pin insulator was separated from the crossbar of the high-voltage pole. Second, the fire situation On February 28th, 2004, around 1 1: 30, five people, including Chen Qingsheng, who worked in Xia Yong Village, Shang Yong Town, found a fire in the opposite forest.

Due to the high mountains, dense forests, overgrown weeds and winter frost, the vegetation is dead, which is suitable.

forest-fire

The air is dry and there are many leaves! Will cause a fire to burn! ! Forest fire must meet three conditions: 1, combustible materials (including trees, grass and other plants) are the material basis of forest fire; 2. Fire weather is an important condition for fire; 3. Fire source is the dominant factor of forest fire.

Without one of the above three conditions, forest fire will not happen. A large number of facts show that forest fires can be prevented, combustible materials and fire sources can be controlled, and fire weather can also be predicted and prevented.

First, the harm of forest fire Forest fire is the most dangerous enemy and the most terrible disaster in forestry, which will bring the greatest harm and devastating consequences to the forest. Forest fire will not only burn patches of forest, harm the animals in the forest, but also reduce the regeneration ability of the forest, cause soil impoverishment, destroy the function of forest to conserve water, and even lead to imbalance of ecological environment.

Despite the rapid development of science in the world today, human beings have not made great progress in putting out forest fires. Two. Types and classification of forest fires According to the burning position, spreading speed, damaged position and degree of forest fires, forest fires can be roughly divided into three categories: 1. Surface fire II. Crown fire 3. Underground fires are divided into the following four categories according to the size of damaged forests: 1. Forest fire: the affected forest area is less than 1 hectare or other woodlands are on fire (including 2. General forest fire: the affected forest area is more than 1 hectare and less than 100 hectare; 3. Major forest fires: the affected forest area is less than 1000 hectares1000 hectares; 4. Extraordinary forest fire: the affected forest area 1000 hectares or more; Third, the causes of forest fires There are two main types of forest fires: man-made fires and natural fires. (1) Man-made fires include the following types: 1. Productive fire sources: fire for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry production, fire for forest sideline production, fire for industrial and mining transportation production; 2. Unproductive fire sources: such as outdoor smoking, cooking, burning paper, heating, etc. ; 3. Among the fires caused by man-made fire sources, intentional arson is the most, and forest fires caused by land reclamation and smoking are the most.

In the forest fires in our city, the fires caused by smoking, burning wasteland and burning paper on graves account for an absolute number. (2) Natural fire: including lightning fire and spontaneous combustion.

Forest fires caused by natural fires account for about 1% of the total forest fires in China. Four, the three factors that affect the fire are temperature, humidity and unit combustible load.

How to prevent forest fires? The key is to strictly control the fire source. Forest fire prevention for a thousand years, ecological security for a thousand years.

Build beautiful mountains and rivers and take the lead in forest protection and fire prevention. * * * Enjoy the beautiful scenery of the forest and beware of forest fires.

Protect trees, don't smoke, civilization is around you. Cherish the forest and prevent the fire from burning.

Fire prevention depends on you, me and everyone, and everyone is responsible; Put out the fire, fight early and everything will be safe. Forest resources are the common wealth of the whole society, and forest fire prevention is the common responsibility of the whole society.

In the green sea, remember to prevent fire. Qi Xin cooperates to prevent forest fires, and forest fire prevention is powerful; Strict investigation and management will ensure forest safety.

Keeping pace with the times, developing forests, managing forests according to law and grasping fire prevention. When the vegetation is dry in winter and spring, fire prevention should be done first.

Forest is the cradle of life, and fire is the forest killer. A big tree can make thousands of matches, and a match can destroy thousands of big trees.

Trees grow for decades, and the fire burns out in an instant. Afforestation has gone through many hardships, so don't burn it all.

A cigarette can destroy thousands of hectares of forest, and half a column of incense can burn ten thousand acres of green. It is difficult to plant trees for ten years, but once the mountain fire is over, it will be abandoned.

It flourished for more than a hundred years and turned to ashes in an instant. Behind the flame is a desert.

Thousands of miles of levees collapsed in ant nests and thousands of miles of forests were destroyed by cigarette butts. Thousands of miles of embankment collapsed in the ant nest; Thousands of forests were destroyed by sparks.

It takes 1000 days to plant a tree, but it will be empty when burned. It takes a thousand days to get rich and a thousand days to burn.

Afforestation is a thousand days' work, and the day of setting fire is empty. After ten years of hard work, the tree was destroyed as soon as it caught fire.

A glass of wine is a prelude to a car accident, and a cigarette butt is a prelude to a fire. A small cigarette butt is not too big, it devours the forest landscape.

For a long time, when everything is green and shadowy, a single spark can start a prairie fire in an instant. Fire can bring light or take away civilization.

It takes ten years for a tree to grow, and a match can destroy a tree in an instant. Green leaves converge into an oasis, and a single spark can destroy the sea.

Returning farmland to forests is a good national policy, and splendid china adds green; If you catch fire carelessly, it will destroy future generations. It takes ten years to cultivate a tree, but a single spark can destroy ten thousand mu of forest.

It is not too much for ten thousand people to prevent fire, and one person's negligence leads to great disaster. Neglect for a while, fire is everywhere, be alert for a while, evergreen tree. A big fire went up in smoke.

A small cigarette butt fire can destroy 10 thousand mu of forest. Forest fire prevention harms people, harms others and harms themselves.

Forest, the origin of life; Fire, the end of forest. A single spark can destroy ten thousand mu of forest.

Fire is the enemy of the forest. Trees are shaded and beautiful scenery; Good wood turns to dust, which hurts the body.

Diligent in fire prevention, the country is rich and the people are safe; Ignoring fire prevention will inevitably lead to consequences. A moment of negligence, a thousand miles of fire in one day.

Forests are like 10 thousand treasures, hidden in resource wealth; If fire prevention is not important, it must be fertile soil and poor soil. Planting trees and grass is not fire-proof, and it is busier every year.

Give a little care to the trees and give the earth a shade. Fire is the enemy of the forest, keep the fire source away from the forest.

Small cigarette butts are so harmful that trees are afraid to see them. Keep in mind the awareness of fire prevention, and it is everyone's responsibility to protect the forest. Cultivate your love for Lin Feng from childhood and grow up to be a pillar of talent.

Be careful with fire for the benefit of future generations; Careless use of fire, regret for life. The forest is an angel to beautify nature, and the mountain fire is the devil to destroy the big forest.

For decades, a wisp of smoke has gone to the west. A careless mountain fire will make you regret it for life.

Everyone has a sense of fire prevention, and the green home will last forever. Meilan pine and bamboo, all trees are friends, and they are cherished; Wildfire cigarettes, dotted with enemies, refused to light.

Protect the forest and the fire will leave soon. The forest needs your care in all aspects, but don't give her "hot" love! The vegetation is intentional, but the fire is ruthless.

The forest is the most beautiful coat of the earth, and fire is the most vicious enemy of the forest. A tree can create a green world and a single spark can destroy a green home.

Small ants can chew off long banks, and a single spark can burn the vast forest. The spark of love is the sweetest, and the spark of forest is the most heartless.

Mobilize the whole people to prevent fire and ensure safety. The forest protects my home, and fire prevention depends on everyone.

No matter spring, summer or autumn.