Why are East Asians better at speed skating than Europeans and Americans? Is it strength or skill to win?

Come on, speed skating. East Asians are not dominant! ! ! Short track speed skating is the advantage! ! Tell you two kinds of sports:

Speed skating is an ice sport that matches the skating speed. Engaging in speed skating is helpful to improve physical and mental health, promote human metabolism, improve cardiopulmonary function, enhance cold resistance and cultivate tenacious will quality. According to the rules of the International Skating Federation, speed skating events are divided into short distance, middle distance, long distance and all-around, and each event is divided into men's history.

Skating has a long history in the world. People living in cold areas in ancient times used skating as a means of transportation in frozen rivers and lakes in winter. Later, with the progress of society, it gradually developed into a skating game until modern speed skating. The development of skating can be seen from the improvement of skating tools. Skating with bone skates began in the 10 century. About 1250, iron skates nailed to wooden boards became popular in the Netherlands, tied to shoes and slid on the ice. /kloc-in the 0 th and 7 th centuries, iron skates were improved, and some people invented tubular iron skates, which made the speed skating have a new development.

The international speed skating competition started at the end of 19. 1889, 1 The international speed skating competition was held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The participating countries are the Netherlands, Norway and other 13 countries, and it is agreed to hold a world competition every year. 1892, the International Skating Federation was formally established. Responsible for organizing competitions including speed skating and figure skating. It is stipulated to hold the 1 World Men's Speed Skating Championship every year. 1893, held 1 World Men's Speed Skating Championships; 1936, 1 World Women's Speed Skating Championship was held. 1924 Winter Olympics will be held on 1 time, and only men's speed skating events will be set up; 1960 added women's speed skating events. The development of international speed skating has promoted the continuous improvement of speed skating performance. Before 1950s, Norway and Finland were the best players in the world, and they were called "Nordic School". In 1950s, Soviet speed skating rose, and the Soviet Union won the most gold medals in the 7th, 8th and 9th Winter Olympics, occupying an absolute advantage. In the 1960s, athletes from Norway, Sweden and the Soviet Union competed for their strength. China athletes Wang Jinyu and Luo Zhihuan once broke the world men's all-around record, and Luo Zhihuan won 1 gold medal in the World Championships. In the early 1970 s, one in the Netherlands. Schenk has kept the world record for many years. In 1980s, 13 Winter Olympics marked the high level of modern speed skating. In 9 events for men and women, 63 people * * * broke 106 Olympic record, 1 world record. There is fierce competition in Europe and America. At that time, the achievements of Norway and the Soviet Union in Megatron Ice rink declined, while E Hayden of the United States won five gold medals and became a hero for a while.

Skating has a long history in China. As early as the Song Dynasty, there appeared an "ice play" developed from skiing. After the Yuan Dynasty, "skating" became more popular and larger. There was a record of "ice grinding on an ice bed" in the Ming Dynasty, and there was a "skill-brave sliding camp" in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, with a set of management system and training methods. This management organization is called the "Ice House". According to the general examination of Qing literature, speed skating "every October, 200 people from all ethnic groups are selected as good skaters, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs has skates, costumes and other items. From winter to the future, the emperor went to Yingtai and other places to watch skating. "

/kloc-At the end of 0/9, European skating was introduced to China, and speed skating gradually became a favorite winter sport of northern people. 1935, Beijing held 1 skating competition. 1943 In February, the ice sports meeting held in Yan 'an included men's and women's 100m speed skating and various performances.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the number of teenagers participating in speed skating has increased year by year, especially in Harbin, Changchun, Qiqihar, Jilin and other cities. 1 Feb. 953, 1 The National Ice Games was held in Harbin, and six units participated in the speed skating competition, setting a speed skating record of1in China. 65438-0955, the 2nd National Ice Games was held in Harbin, and 72 people broke the national record. 1959, 1 National Winter Games was held. In the same year, China's speed skater Wang Jinyu won the men's all-around championship in the six-nation international invitational tournament held in Almaty, the Soviet Union, and beat the world record holder Khilkov in the 5000m race. In the same year, at the 53rd World Men's Speed Skating Championships, Yang won the second place in the 500m with a score of 42 "4 (1tied). 196 1 year, in the world women's speed skating championship, Liu won the fourth all-around place; In the men's championship, Wang Jinyu won the eighth place in all-around, and in the same year, he won the all-around championship in the 9-country international invitational tournament. 1962, in the world championship held in Moscow, Wang Jinyu and Luo Zhihuan won the 5 th and 6 th all-around respectively; Wang Jinyu also won the third place in the1500m race; Liu won the all-around fourth place again. In the 1963 World Men's and Women's Championships, Wang Jinyu and Luo Zhihuan both broke the world men's all-around record, and Luo Zhihuan won the gold medal in the 1500m competition with a score of 2'09"2, setting a new championship record. Wang Shuyuan, a female athlete, won the second place in the1000m and the sixth place in all-around. 65438-0975 At the World Championships held in Norway, Zhao Weichang won the second place in the 500m with a score of 40 "93. During the period of 1976, the performance of the junior group was greatly improved in the speed skating competition of the third national winter games. 1979, 32 people broke 14 national records for men and women in the speed skating competition of the 4th National Winter Games for 60 times. 1980, China speed skating team participated in the 13 Winter Olympics held in Lake Placid, USA.

[Edit this paragraph] Technology and training

The reasonable technique of speed skating is the coordinated and labor-saving full-body movements adopted by athletes to complete the specified distance at the fastest speed. The speed of taxiing and the ability to keep the speed are the main signs to evaluate the rationality of taxiing technology. It requires athletes to lean forward, bend their legs deeply and streamline their bodies when skating. Their feet alternately circulate in three stages: one foot supports inertial sliding, one foot supports pushing ice, and two feet support pushing ice. Each movement is well-structured, well-coordinated and naturally smooth in rhythm. Athletes should have high balance ability and strong leg strength in order to make reasonable technical movements.

Straight slide

The straight skating posture is the basic technique of speed skating. The reasonable gliding posture should be: the upper body is relaxed and leans forward, the natural mass is parallel to the ice or slightly higher than the arm, the legs are deeply bent, the knee joint is at an angle of 90 ~110, the ankle joint is at an angle of 50 ~ 70, the arm is relaxed and the head is slightly raised. Sliding posture should be based on personal physique, sliding distance, skating rink conditions, weather conditions and other characteristics. The key to straight skating is to grasp the appropriate time to push the ice. Ice skates cut into the ice in order to get a stable fulcrum, and at the same time, they should start pushing the ice, and the maximum force should be completed at the moment when the legs hand over the weight. In order to use heavy objects to push the ice, the heavy objects should be firmly pressed on the support legs when dumping, and the heavy objects should not be handed over prematurely. In the leg retraction, you should use the elasticity after kicking the ice to immediately relax your hind legs and actively move closer to support your legs. There should be no pause or retreat. Pay attention to the leading position of the knee joint when cutting, which is consistent with the direction of advancement. Pull forward quickly and move gently after touching the ice.

Curve glide

The basic posture is similar to straight skating, but due to centripetal force, the movements of turning and straight skating are very different. When you slide in a curve, your body always leans to the left. You push the ice with the outer edge of your left foot and the inner edge of your right foot. The inertia taxiing stage in curve taxiing is very short, especially for the right foot, and there is almost no inertia taxiing stage in short distance taxiing. The main action requirement is that the last 1 step of the right foot should enter the junction of the straight and the curve when entering the curve, and the depth depends on the weather, ice, wind direction and project. The left leg is close to the right foot and points in the tangential direction. When it comes into contact with ice, toes begin to eat gradually. Bite the ice tightly with the outer edge, and the left shoulder is in the same direction as the new tangent. Don't twist your waist and hips. After kicking the ice, relax the leg retraction action, actively pull in the direction of supporting the leg, and take the knee joint as the leading factor to form the front bow angle. In the process of recovering the floating leg, push the body to fall to the left and push the leg while recovering. In the direction of kicking ice, the feet should have the feeling of "pushing sideways", and the longitudinal axis of the upper body is consistent with the direction in which the floating feet touch the ice.

Startup technology

There are mainly two kinds: one is the front and front foot ice starting method, and the other is the side starting method. Elite athletes often use 1 method. Its main action is from a static state, using reasonable technology, quickly transformed into a fast sliding technical action. The starting technique is particularly important to improve the performance of short and medium distance events. The technical point of front foot icing is that the toe of front foot is the fulcrum and the back foot is covered with ice. The distance between the two knives is slightly wider than the shoulder and faces forward. The squat posture is slightly higher than other starting postures, and the center of gravity is between the feet or slightly in front. When starting, lift your thighs high and lean forward. When the skates touch the ice, cut the ice tightly and don't slip in the first few steps.

Swing arm action

Mainly used for short-distance skating, it can coordinate and increase the power of pushing ice. Nowadays, more and more people use single-arm swing in long-distance sliding, and the swing arm is less stressed, and the swing direction should be consistent with the sliding direction. No matter whether you use double swing arm or single swing arm in short or medium distance, you should exert your strength, especially pay attention to the speed and strength of side swing and front swing.

[Edit this paragraph] Speed skating training

The technical level of speed skating is improved with the continuous improvement of training. At first, people took part in speed skating and only practiced on the ice in winter. Later, some people increased the content of physical training during the ice-free period, which promoted the improvement of speed skating performance. In 1950s, world famous athletes began to carry out a relatively complete annual training plan. In recent 20 years, with the continuous improvement of speed skating training theory, and by absorbing the training experience of other events and improving training equipment, sports skills have been greatly improved. Speed skating is a periodic exercise with a specific speed in a low temperature environment, so speed skating training should closely combine comprehensive physical training with special physical training, aerobic metabolism with anaerobic metabolism training, cardiopulmonary system with muscle system training, and dynamic and static strength training to implement comprehensive training. To train high-level speed skaters, it is necessary to carry out systematic training for many years from an early age. According to the characteristics of children's growth and development, in general, a training cycle is about 3 years, and it takes 3 ~ 4 cycles to train an excellent speed skater. In the annual and multi-year training, it is necessary to scientifically and systematically formulate annual and multi-year training plans. The training period should be scientifically divided according to the main purpose of training and the major competition tasks, combined with the different situations of children or athletes. According to the year, the training period can be divided into several different periods: preparation period, physical and psychological preparation for participating in the competition; Competition period (competition period), so that the body and mind can reach the best competitive state and participate in the competition; Transition period (rest period) to eliminate physical and mental fatigue caused by fierce competition; It can also be divided into time periods according to the season or land (ice-free) training and ice (ice-free) training. No matter how to divide the period, we should proceed from reality, follow people's physiological functions and determine it according to training and competition tasks, and we can't make the stages absolute.

There are many methods of speed skating training, such as repetition, changing conditions, comprehensive training and interval training. Intermittent training is a training method that uses some means to do a sport at regular intervals. Comprehensive training rules use different means and various exercises to train. Using these two methods, we can choose the following training methods: various running can improve cardiopulmonary function, and running on complex terrain can also enhance leg strength; Cycling practice-not only has the effect of running, but also can improve the special quality of athletes; Mountain and sand training-can improve the intensity and difficulty, and has a good effect on improving leg muscle strength; All kinds of high-quality knee-bending walking-which can strongly stimulate the cardiopulmonary system and muscle system, is one of the most commonly used means at present; Various imitation jumping exercises-mainly to improve the ability of special muscle groups; Roller skating practice can improve speed skating skills and special ability; Rolling running platform, imitating action sliding platform and skateboarding practice-have obvious effects on improving special ability; Various weight-bearing exercises are the main means to improve absolute strength, strength endurance and static strength; All-round development of strength exercises and rubber band exercises-can coordinate and develop the whole body strength; All kinds of flexibility exercises-have a good auxiliary effect on developing various qualities and have a positive effect on preventing sports injuries.

The World Short Track Speed Skating Championship was added in the early 1970s, and the Short Track Speed Skating Competition was added in the early 1980s. Because men's all-around and short-distance competition have very different requirements for athletes' quality and function, the trend of men's all-around and short-distance training and competition is gradually obvious: the former focuses on endurance and speed endurance, while the latter focuses on speed strength and speed endurance. The distance of women's all-around competition is short, the functional requirements are not much different from short distances, and the characteristics of individual training are not obvious.

[Edit this paragraph] Venues, equipment and competitions

race track

The maximum circumference of the standard speed skating track is 400 meters and the minimum circumference is 333 meters. 33 meters, the radius of the inner curve shall not be less than 25 meters or more than 26 meters, and each runway is 5 meters wide and 4 meters narrow. Short track speed skating runway perimeter 1 1 1. 12m, and the internal bending radius is 8. 25 meters, the straight line length is 128. 07 meters.

Dress

Speed skaters wear nylon tights (clothes, trousers, hats, socks and gloves are connected together). Because of the poor thermal insulation performance of nylon clothing, athletes need to wear close-fitting cotton and wool underwear in low temperature climate. Male athletes also need to wear briefs or protection. When the weather is extremely cold, you should put windproof paper or other items on your knees, chest and other parts. When doing warm-up activities, skates should be covered with heat-insulated shoe covers to prevent foot frostbite. Wear warm clothes when practicing, and sew zippers on both sides of pants to facilitate putting on and taking off.

Roller skates

The speed skating knife is long and narrow, made of light alloy material with good smoothness, wear resistance and suitable hardness. The skates are sewn with high-quality thick cowhide, and the blade thickness of the skates should be uniform, the heights of the two blades should be consistent, and the blade body should be straight without unevenness. Roller skates are as big as shoes, or one size bigger than shoes. Shoes should be comfortable on your feet, close to your feet, not too tight. The tip of the knife is 8 ~ 9 cm longer than the tip of the shoe, and the heel is 5 ~ 6 cm longer than the heel. The blade of the left foot coincides with the longitudinal center line of the shoe, and the tip of the right foot is slightly left.

[Edit this paragraph] Competition events

The events in the World Championships include men's 500, 1500, 5000 and10000m; Women's 500m,1000m,1500m, 3000m. The men's and women's events in the World Short Distance Championships are 500m,1000m, and the men's events in the World Youth Speed Skating Championships are 500m,1500m, 3000m and 5000m. Women's 500m,1000m,1500m, 3000m. Winter Olympics, men's 500, 1000, 1500, 5000, 10000 meters; Women's 500m,1000m,1500m, 3000m. In all kinds of competitions, except for Olympic events, men follow the procedures of 500, 5000, 1000, 1500, 10000 and women follow the procedures of 1500, 500, 1000 and 3000m.

[Edit this paragraph] General rules of the competition (except short track speed skating competition)

Athletes must run counterclockwise. Athletes from the inner lane should change to the outer lane when taxiing to the lane change area, and athletes from the outer lane should change to the inner lane. When fighting for lanes in lane-changing areas, athletes who turn inward should take the initiative to give way. At the start, after the "take your positions" password is issued, the athletes should stand between the starting line and the preparatory line; After giving the "Ready" password, make a good starting posture immediately, don't move before firing, keep still, and start immediately after firing. In curve skating, skates are not allowed to cut into the snow line. When two or more athletes run on the same track, the latter athlete must keep a distance of 5 meters from the former athlete, and can overtake without affecting the normal running of the former athlete. Athletes' skates will touch the finish line before reaching it. When an athlete's normal running or falling down is affected by reasons other than his own, he can rest for 30 minutes with the permission of the referee, but he can't participate in the competition again because the ice rink is dirty or the skates are damaged.

An all-around champion should be an athlete who has won more than three individual championships (1). If no one meets this requirement, the all-around champion will be the one with the best score (the least score). An athlete who won 1 in three events but was disqualified from the competition in 1 or failed to complete the fourth event for personal reasons cannot be awarded the all-around champion or counted in the all-around ranking. The all-around performance is stipulated as follows: 500 meters seconds is the performance; 1/2 of 1000m is the score of this item; 1500m 1/3 is the score of this item; The number 1/6 of 3000m is the score of this project; The number of 5000 meters110 is the score; 10000m 1/20 is the score of the project, and the total score is only calculated to three decimal places. If the total scores of several players are slightly different, four decimal places should be considered.

[Edit this paragraph] Major international competitions

Most major international competitions are organized by the International Skating Federation or the International Olympic Committee. World Men's Speed Skating Championship-1World Men's Speed Skating Championship was held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands on 1893. 1980 * * was held 74 times, with events of 500m, 1500m, 5000m and1000. World Women's Speed Skating Championship-1World Women's Speed Skating Championship was held in Stockholm, Sweden on 1936. Before 1956, the items were 500m, 1500m, 3000m and 5000m, and then changed to 500m and 65438+. World Men's and Women's Short-distance Speed Skating Championships-1The World Men's and Women's Short-distance Speed Skating Championships was held in Eskil, Sweden. 1 day is 500m and 1000m, and the next day is the same as 1 day. World Junior Speed Skating Championship-1 World Junior Speed Skating Championship was held in Cotinart on 1974. These events include men's 500m,1500m, 3000m, 5000m, women's 500m,1000m and150m. Starting from 198 1 year, the required age of participants was changed from under 20 to under 18. World Short Track Speed Skating Championships-This competition is played on an oval monorail drawn on the ice hockey field. Different from other speed skating competitions, the venue is small and the competition is fierce. Athletes are required to wear safety helmets, and the ice rink board wall should have safety measures. 1976 and 1977 The International Skating Federation held two international short track speed skating championships in Champagne, USA and Grenoble, France respectively. After the game, the rules of the game were revised. 1 In April, 1978,1World Short Track Speed Skating Championship was officially held in Britain. The short track speed skating competition is divided into individual events (500m,1000m,1500m, 3000m) and team events (5000m for men and 3000m for women). Individual all-around performance is evaluated by the sum of the final ranking scores (see the picture shown in the scoring table). European Men's Speed Skating Championships-This tournament starts from 189 1, and the rules are the same as those of the World Men's Speed Skating Championships. European Women's Speed Skating Championship-1European Women's Speed Skating Championship was held in Helenfen, the Netherlands on 1970, with the same rules as the World Women's Speed Skating Championship. Speed Skating Competition of Winter Olympics-1The Winter Olympics was held in Chamonix from October 26th to February 4th on/kloc-0. At that time, the men's speed skating competition was only 500m,1500m, 5000m and10000m. Starting from the 12 session of 1976, the 1000m event has been added. Since 1960, women's events (500m, 1000m, 1500m, 3000m) have been added to the speed skating competition in the Winter Olympics.

In addition to the above-mentioned major world competitions, there are also some traditional international competitions, such as the annual "Golden Skating" competition and the "Nordic Speed Skating Competition".

[Edit this paragraph] The national competition in China.

Before the National Ice Games-1960, this comprehensive competition (speed skating, figure skating, ice hockey, etc. ) are mostly adopted. The speed skating adult men's team events include 500m,1500m, 5000m and10000m. Adult women's events include 500m,1000m,1500m and 3000m. The national elite athletes test competition and the first-class master speed skating competition-the events are the same as the national ice games. The above items and rules shall be implemented in accordance with the regulations of the International Sliding Federation.

National Speed Skating Competition-This is an annual national large-scale speed skating competition with the same rules as the World Skating Competition.

National Speed Skating Championships-1966 was called National Speed Skating Championships before, and 1979 was renamed as its current name. The competition is divided into adult men's and women's all-around groups, young men's and women's all-around groups and short-distance men's and women's groups. The National Youth Speed Skating Competition is a competition in which athletes under the age of 18 participate. They are divided into two age groups: Group A is under 18 years old, and the events are men's 500m, 1500m, 3,000m and 5,000m, and girls and adult women are the same; Group b 1.5 years old, with 500m, 1.000m and 1.500m for both sexes. From 198 1, the youth group (under 20 years old) was added, and the name of the competition was changed to "National Youth Speed Skating Competition".

The national short-distance speed skating competition-the events for both men and women are 000m, 65,438+0,000m, 65,438+0,975 ~ 65,438+0,979. It is only a project of the National Speed Skating Competition. 1980 was separated from the National Speed Skating Competition and held separately.

Speed skating competition in the National Games-a major event in the National Games, held every four years 1 time. It is divided into men's and women's all-around events and short-distance events for men and women. Counting the total score of the team, it is the most important speed skating competition in China at present. 1979 has been held for four times.

Short track speed skating is an event of the Winter Olympic Games. The size of the playing field is 30× 60m, and the length of each lap of the runway is11.12m. ..

Short track speed skating 19 originated in Canada in the 1980s. At that time, some speed skating enthusiasts in Canada often went to the indoor ice rink to practice, so there was an indoor speed skating competition. At the beginning of the 20th century, this competition was gradually widely developed in European and American countries. 1992 is listed as the Winter Olympics.

In the 1980s, Canada built an indoor skating rink, and some speed skaters often went to the indoor skating rink to practice. By the mid-1990s, indoor speed skating competitions appeared in Montreal, Quebec and Winnipeg, Canada. 1905, Canada held the national short track speed skating championship for the first time, and then it was gradually widely developed in European and American countries. 1969, Canada distributed the short track speed skating rules to delegates at the 33rd Congress of the International Skating Federation. 1975, the International Skating Federation established the short track speed skating technical committee. 1976, the international short track speed skating competition was held for the first time in Champs, Illinois, USA. The World Short Track Speed Skating Championships will be held in 198 1.

1992 is listed as the Winter Olympics, with men's 500m (1994),1000m (1992), and women's 500m (65438).

Short track speed skating was introduced to China at 198 1. 1February, 982, the first national short track speed skating training competition was held in Beijing Capital Gymnasium. Since 1983, it has been listed as the official event of the annual national competition and the national winter games by the State Sports Commission. At the 6th National Winter Games on 1987, Li surpassed the women's 3000m world record, which brought confidence and hope to Binghe, who had worked hard for a long time under difficult conditions.

At the Winter Olympic Games held in Calgary, Canada from 65438 to 0988, short track speed skating was listed as a performance event. Li Yan won the gold medal in1000m, breaking the world records of1000m and1500m. At the 1989 World Championships, Guo Hongru won the first place in the 3000m, becoming the first world champion in the ice and snow event after 26 years. 1995 world championships, China won the first gold medal in the women's 3000m relay in the team event; At the 1996 World Championships, Li Jiajun won the gold medal in the1000m event, which made China win the first men's world championship in the short track speed skating event.

At the World Championships held in Nagano from 65438 to 0997, Yang Yang won the first all-around world championship in China, and in 2002, she won six all-around world championships. In 2002, at the19th Winter Olympics held in Salt Lake City, USA, Yang Yang won two gold medals in the 500m and1000m, which achieved China's "zero" gold medal breakthrough in the Winter Olympics. At the 20th Winter Olympics in Turin in 2006, Wang Meng won the 500-meter gold medal.

Up to now, after more than 20 years' efforts, China's short track speed skating team has 23 outstanding athletes in the comprehensive rankings of the Winter Olympics, the World Championships and the World Cup, broke the world record for 20 times, won 103 world champion, and won 3 gold medals, 9 silver medals and 4 bronze medals in previous Winter Olympics, making outstanding contributions to China's sports cause.

In addition to Beijing, Changchun, Harbin, Shenyang, Qiqihar and other northeastern cities, there are standard skating rinks in Kunming in the southwest, Lanzhou in the northwest, Nanjing and Hangzhou in East China. Among them, since 1998, Beijing, Changchun, Harbin and Hangzhou have successively hosted the International Skating Federation World Championships and the World Cup. We believe that short track speed skating will have a better future in China. [Edit this paragraph] The origin of short track speed skating

Soon after speed skating became an international sport, short track speed skating began to appear in Europe. 1889 held the first world long track speed skating championship. Three years later, 1982 International Skating Union (ISU) was established.

But it was not until the early 20th century that short track speed skating was held in North America. 1906 The United States and Canada jointly held the International Short Track Speed Skating Competition, and192/kloc-0 held the annual International Short Track Speed Skating Championship every year.

During the period of 1920- 1940, short track speed skating was rapidly popularized in North America. 1932 The organizers of the Winter Olympics even changed the long track speed skating into a form similar to the short track speed skating, which greatly increased its excitement.

The first two short track speed skating world championships were held in 1976 and 1977 respectively, but they were not officially recognized by the international skating Federation. The short track speed skating championship officially sponsored by the International Skating Federation began at 1978, but the first short track speed skating world championships of the International Skating Federation was not held in Merton, France until 198 1.

As early as 1932, a short track skating competition similar to the current short track speed skating appeared in the Lake Placid Winter Olympics. At that time, some short track speed skaters were dissatisfied with the short track competition and refused to participate in this form of competition. Klaus Sandberg, the famous five-time gold medalist in the Winter Olympics, did not cooperate in advance.

1988 There were 10 performances of short track speed skating in Calgary Winter Olympics. It was not until 1992 that the Winter Olympics in Albertville was officially established as a competition. This appearance caused a great sensation and achieved great success.

Before short track speed skating became an Olympic sport, skaters often competed in short track and long track. The short track skating rink can be laid all year round, providing athletes with training and competition venues at any time. Many long-track skaters use the short-track skating rink to practice and improve their skills, and some of them even take part in short-track speed skating competitions.

With the appearance of indoor long runway facilities, this training method of mixing two runways is gradually eliminated. In addition, since short track speed skating has become an official event in the Winter Olympics, athletes must focus on short track training if they want to succeed in this event.