Can the climate in Shanghai grow blueberries and cherries?

1. Blueberries can be planted in the climate of Shanghai. /new_view.asp？ id=846

Introduction and Cultivation of Blueberries in China There is a large area of soil where blueberries can be planted, and it can be planted only by slightly adjusting its PH value, especially in the red and yellow soil area south of the Yangtze River, which is very suitable for planting. The research and cultivation of blueberry in China has begun, and many foreign blueberry varieties have been introduced by relevant units, and extensive research has been carried out.

Blueberries In recent years, the United States, Canada, Japan, Europe and many other countries have regarded blueberries as health care and functional foods, which are favored by people. At present, blueberry, as a recognized cash crop in China, has been widely recognized. Governments, companies and individuals with economic foresight in many areas have taken steps in the practice of blueberry planting and blueberry product development.

In the market of China, there are few blueberries for sale. The market demand for deep-processed blueberries is huge and the market prospect is excellent. It is of great significance not only for farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich, but also for the sustained and stable development of agriculture and rural economy in planting areas to select suitable crops that can make full use of existing soil conditions, have high economic value and have development prospects, and rationally develop soil resources in China to form a virtuous circle and sustainable development.

The distribution of wild blueberry resources in China is mainly distributed in Daxing 'anling and Xiaoxing 'anling areas. Because wild blueberries grow in a pure natural environment and belong to pure natural food. Every year, in the local picking season, people pick and process it into quick-frozen fruits for sale, and process it into raw juice, concentrated juice, and extract anthocyanins. Due to predatory picking, domestic wild blueberry resources are decreasing year by year. The total supply of blueberries every year is also restricted by the annual output (there is a saying that the annual output is small), which leads to the increase in the purchase price of wild fruits year by year. At present, the raw material blueberry used in the production of blueberry extract in China basically comes from domestic wild blueberries (mainly produced in Daxing 'an Mountains in China), but in recent years, the local purchase price of wild blueberries has increased year by year, and the resources of wild blueberries have decreased year by year because of predatory picking. People have to consider the planting mode of blueberry in the United States or Canada, such as large-scale artificial planting to improve the quality of blueberry.

Blueberry is a shrub and small berry, belonging to Vaccinium of Vacciniaceae. The fruit is blue, nearly round, with a single fruit weight of 0.5-2.5g, fine pulp, tiny seeds, moderate sweetness and sourness, and refreshing aroma. It can be eaten fresh or processed into juice drinks, fruit wine, candy and snacks. Blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) belongs to Vaccinium of Ericaceae. The fruit is blue, covered with a layer of white fruit powder, with delicate pulp, sweet and sour fruit flavor, unique flavor and rich nutrition. The content of VC is dozens of times that of apples, and it is known as the "king of berries". It is a first-class health food, which sells well in Europe and America and is highly respected and loved by people. At present, the United States has formed a blueberry industry integrating planting, fruit storage and transportation, processing and marketing. Its products are not only supplied to China, but also exported to Canadian, Japanese and Taiwan Province provinces. Blueberry fruit is mainly consumed by high-income people, and enjoying blueberries and their products is a symbol of status.

Blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) Suitable for Development in Red and Yellow Soil Region

China's red and yellow soil region has strong acidity, low organic matter content and low fertility level, which leads to low productivity, single crop variety and low level of agricultural economic development. However, China's red and yellow soil accounts for a high proportion of the total cultivated land in the country. Therefore, the development of red and yellow soil areas has always been a big problem. In recent years, some improvement work on red and yellow soil has achieved great results. The formation of red and yellow soil is determined by its unique geographical environment and climatic conditions, so its improvement is difficult and the effect is difficult to last. However, if we can choose some suitable crops and make full use of the existing soil conditions, it will be another effective way to comprehensively develop red and yellow soil. In addition, the low economic benefits in red and yellow soil areas often lead to over-exploitation, further soil degradation and vicious circle. Therefore, the economic value of the selected crops is the key to successful development. Blueberries, cranberries. ) is a valuable economic plant suitable for growing in red and yellow soil.

Ecological adaptability of blueberry

(1) Environmental condition requirements

① Soil conditions. Strict soil acidity is the key to the success of blueberry planting, and it also has certain requirements for soil texture, soil organic matter content and soil mineral elements, but its importance is far less than soil acidity.

In terms of soil acidity, the requirements of high cluster blueberries (Vcorymbosum, Vaustrarae and their hybrids with other species) and rabbit eye blueberries (V, ashei) are different, and the adaptability of rabbit eye blueberries is wider, and the pH value can be slightly higher. High-bush blueberry needs strong soil acidity, and the most suitable soil acidity for high-bush blueberry is generally around pH 4 ~ 5, and its maximum adaptation limit is less than 4.6 for some varieties and 5.2 for others. The most suitable range of rabbit eye blueberry is pH 4.5 ~ 5.5, and some varieties can slightly exceed this range. For example, in the experiments of Tifbluett and Delite, there is little difference between pH5.6 and pH5. 1, but when pH reaches 5.9, the yield and growth are greatly reduced, and the symptoms of element deficiency are obvious. Grafting high-bush blueberry with rabbit-eye blueberry as rootstock can improve the adaptability of high-bush blueberry to soil pH. When the soil pH can't meet the needs of high-bush blueberry and rabbit-eye blueberry at the same time, a series of nutritional problems will occur, resulting in a decline in growth and yield.

Blueberries introduced and planted in Zaoshui County, Nanjing, are not superior in other conditions except soil acidity. The land is a newly reclaimed sloping land with low organic matter content, which does not have the conditions for algae removal. Except for the extreme drought of 1994, its growth and fruiting conditions have been very good, which fully proves that blue berries have strong adaptability except soil pH.

② Climatic conditions. Blueberries, especially high-bush blueberries, need a growing period of 160 days and a low temperature period in a year, and the requirements for the low temperature period are different. High-bush blueberries need 650-850 hours of low temperature below 7℃ to successfully survive dormancy. However, some new southern varieties such as O 'Neill only need 400 hours, and Sharp Blue is also a variety with short cold period. The temperature below 7.2℃ takes about 500 hours, which is generally shorter than that of high-clumped blue berries, and is suitable for southern cultivation. Recently, some varieties with short cold period have been bred, such as Alice blue and Becky blue. If the cold period can not be met, it will affect the germination of buds and lead to the extension of germination period, but it will not affect the fruit setting rate in the case of artificial pollination, indicating that fruit setting has nothing to do with low temperature. If the cold period of blue berries in rabbits' eyes can not be met, flower buds will germinate less than leaf buds, resulting in the imbalance of leaf-fruit ratio. The cold period can be continuous or intermittent.

Although blueberries have a certain cold storage period, too low temperature can also cause them to freeze. High cluster blueberries will freeze when the dormancy temperature is lower than -29℃, while all varieties of rabbit eye blueberries will freeze at -27℃, so the exact temperature of freezing rabbit eye blueberries has not been reported, but it is certain that it will not cause freezing damage at the low temperature of-15℃ in winter. For example, in Michigan, USA, the blooming high-bush blueberry can only tolerate the low temperature of -5℃, and the damage degree of different varieties is different, with the lightest loss of 12% and the heaviest loss as high as 50%. Although the blue berries with rabbit eyes have germinated at-65,438+0℃, there are reports of damage. On the other hand,1March 65, 438+0 and March 2, 982, the low temperature of-7.8℃ (65,438+08 ℉) in Texas, USA, although all varieties were frozen, the damage degree was not as serious as that of high-bush blue berries, and the yield of the varieties with the greatest loss was less than 65,438+00%, and the lightest was only. Therefore, for blueberry with rabbit eyes, occasional freezing injury may not cause great losses.

2. Cherry can also be planted in the climate of Shanghai, but choose good varieties.

Cherry belongs to deciduous fruit trees in Rosaceae. Cherry is bright red when it is ripe, beautifully carved, delicious and nutritious, and has high medical and health care value, also known as "Han Tao". The cherries cultivated as fruit trees in China include China cherry, sweet cherry, sour cherry and hairy cherry. Cherry ripens early and has the reputation of the first fruit in early spring. The output of cherries in China is 35 million Jin, only 29g per capita, which is equivalent to three big cherries or 15- 17 cherries in China. It can be seen that cherry has a broad market prospect. The sweet cherry varieties cultivated in China are mainly European and American varieties, which perform well in northern China. Because European sweet cherry generally needs 900~ 1400 hours at a low temperature below 7.2℃ to complete hibernation, it is limited to its large-scale cultivation in southern China. Therefore, China cherry is still the main cultivated variety in southern provinces of China. At the same time, there are few excellent cherry varieties in China, and the cultivated varieties generally show many shortcomings, such as small fruit, sour taste, fruit cracking before harvest, fruit dropping and so on. The successful breeding of black pearl, an excellent cherry variety in China, has made up for these shortcomings.

There are two kinds of wild cherries, Asia and Europe, which are unrelated to each other. Later, other cherries were cultivated. Mainly distributed in the northern hemisphere in the world, China is mainly produced in Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan and other places. Born on sunny slopes or beside ditches, it is often cultivated, with an altitude of 300~600 meters.