What does the last sentence of Lao She's Winter in Jinan mean?

The title is Winter in Jinan, and the conclusion is "This is Jinan in winter". Why are the positions of Jinan and Winter interchanged? There are three artistic ingenuity of the author:

First, echoing from beginning to end is one of the methods adopted by many styles. In order to avoid using the title at the end, the author interchanged the position of the title subject and the partial word. This change has attracted readers' attention and aroused the interest of connoisseurs, with the beauty of hiding the deep in the shallow and hiding the strange in the flat.

Second, Winter in Jinan takes "winter" as the central word, which will immediately give you a sense of winter: the north wind blows on your face, the snow is falling, and the snow is thick and icy, all of which reveal a chill that attacks people. Can read the full text, sunny instead of dull, cold instead of warm, the author knot point for "Jinan in winter", the central word is changed to "Jinan", which highlights the unique charm of Jinan in winter, so that readers have experienced the transformation from cold to warm eyes, which is really better than eight.

Third, Winter in Jinan, as the central word, is a season, giving people a general and abstract feeling. The author creates a confusing suspense with abstraction (what is it like? ), and then write a specific winter Jinan with a beautiful pen. Mountain is a cradle-like mountain, too delicate mountain, a small ink painting-like mountain; Water is steaming water, blue water, clear and transparent water. The exchange of subject words and adverbs at the end marks that

has changed from intangible to tangible, from colorless to colored, from blurred virtual to solid with good shape and color, and finally ended with "This is Jinan in winter", which is really natural! ③

"Winter in Jinan" is different from "Jinan in Winter". "Jinan in winter" falls in the place of "Jinan", focusing on the scene; "Winter in Jinan" falls in the season of "winter", and it focuses on feeling (spirit). The article is entitled "Winter in Jinan", which shows that the author writes from the perspective of feeling (spirit), not from the perspective of scenery. (4)

genre

This is a landscape prose. Prose should be scattered in form but not in spirit. Winter in Jinan has this feature. The article describes a variety of natural scenes in Jinan in winter: there are quiet hills and clear rivers; There are ancient cities and small villages; There are pines and weeping willows and green algae; There is a scene before the snow and a scene after the snow; There are reflections reflected in the water, and there are also "positive shadows" that are not reflected in the water. The colors of red, yellow, blue, white and black are mottled; The mountains, trees, water, grass and sky are all polymorphic and colorful, and they are all written in. It's really the beauty of the word "San" in prose. But it won't go away. Such intricate descriptions revolve around one theme, namely the warm and sunny weather in Jinan in winter. The word "Wen Qing" always leads to the full text, which makes the context of the article clear, miscellaneous but not chaotic, and numerous but not complicated. ⑤

Structure

The full text is divided into two parts.

the first part (the first natural paragraph): comparing the place where I used to live with the winter in Jinan, it is pointed out that Jinan is a "treasure land" in "winter in northern China, but it can have warm and sunny weather". Compared with the winter in Beijing, the winter in Jinan is "windless". Compared with the winter in London, the winter in Jinan is "sunny". Compared with tropical places, Jinan has "warm and sunny weather" in winter. Draw a conclusion: "Jinan is a treasure." (connecting the preceding with the following, transition to Part II)

Part II (paragraphs 2-5): Write "ideal situation" first, and then "ancient Jinan". Write "ideal situation" (the old city, with mountains and water, basking in the sun, warm and comfortable), which is divided into two layers:

The first layer: write about the special environment formed by the hills to Jinan: the hills surround Jinan in a circle, and only the north side is missing a little mouth, which is particularly lovely.

the second floor: the hill where the light snow was written. Write

with black dwarf pine, white mountain light, accompanied by grass color. Blue sky, yellowish sunset glow, pink Bo Xue slanting by sunset.

Writing "Ancient Jinan" is divided into three layers:

The first layer: there are some small villages lying on the hillside, and some snow is lying on the roof of the small villages-small ink paintings painted by famous people in the Tang Dynasty.

Level 2: Write about water, algae and weeping willows, with emphasis on water.

the third floor: write about the clear river, the blue sky, the yellow grass mountain with red roof and the gray tree shadow. (overall feeling)

theme

This article seems to be an objective description of the scenery without ideological sustenance. In fact, it contains the author's love for the motherland. An intellectual who has been wandering in a foreign country for six or seven years, when he returns to the motherland, it is natural for him to feel this patriotic feeling from his heart, generate. And this kind of true feeling is revealed by loving the mountains, waters, grass and trees of the motherland, which makes it more cordial and deep. ③

The theme of Winter in Jinan is: warmth and comfort.

The crowning touch is the second sentence in the second paragraph: "Please close your eyes and think: ... Is this an ideal state?" "An old city with mountains and water" is about Jinan, "... sleeping, just waiting for the spring breeze to wake them up" is about winter, and "it's warm and comfortable under the sun" is about characteristics; "All under the sun" points out the main reason of "warm and comfortable", and "warm and comfortable" is the effect. The basic meaning of this sentence is that winter in Jinan is warm and comfortable.

The author writes about the warm and comfortable winter in Jinan from three angles. First, it is directly explained from the geographical environment ("The hills surround Jinan in a circle ..."), second, it is described from people's performance, feelings and fantasies ("People in Jinan are smiling in winter ..."), and third, it sets off the warmth and comfort of Jinan in winter with scenery. Liu Xizai said in the "Art Outline": "The spirit of the mountain can't be written, but it is written in the haze; The spirit of spring can't be written,

write it with grass trees. " This method is adopted in this paper. The spirit of winter can't be written, but by people, sun, mountains and water. First, write about the winter in the south with the method of setting off

"no wind", "ringing eyes" and "warm and sunny", highlighting the theme of "warmth and comfort", and then focus on the landscape of Jinan. It is "warm" with the delicate hills and beautiful scenery, and "comfortable" with two words "lying". Next, write about water, with "no ice", "steaming", "the algae are really green" and "weeping willows take photos" as a backdrop to a warm and peaceful atmosphere. Finally, the "Blue Crystal" is wrapped with "Red Roof and Huangcaoshan". ..... "This overall beauty highlights the" spirit "of" warmth and comfort ". (4)

Writing characteristics

First, the artistic features of this article are remarkable, which can be summarized as follows.

(1) Grasping the main features of the scenery, the whole text is consistent in tone and harmonious in color.

The winter climate in Jinan is characterized by the word "warm and sunny". The article firmly grasps this point, so that all kinds of scenery in the pen are closely linked with the "warm and sunny" weather. Articles about mountains, water, cities and people are all painted with a warm and sunny color. Even writing snow scenes is still related to Wen Qing-because it is warm, "the best thing is to have a little snow"; And it can't be separated from sunny-because it's sunny, there's a scene of "when it's about to fall back, ... that thin snow seems to be suddenly ashamed and slightly pink".

The second natural section mainly describes the panoramic view of Jinan, the third and fourth natural sections mainly describe the mountain scenery of Jinan, and the fifth natural section mainly describes the water scenery. The full text is a long axis composed of these interrelated and relatively independent pictures, and this long axis is also unified by this "warm and clear" tone, giving people a harmonious aesthetic feeling.

the full text is colorful. We can see more than ten kinds of colors: blue sky, white snow, blue-black dwarf pine, dark yellow mountain, green algae, red roof, gray shadow, silver edge, yellowish sunshine, pink Bo Xue ... These colors are so bright, symmetrical, quiet and charming.

(2) The levels of the scenery are properly arranged, and the scenery is orderly and orderly.

First, let the readers have a bird's eye view of the whole city (the second natural section), then enjoy a full view of the mountains and the setting sun after the snow (the third and fourth natural sections), and finally go to the weeping willow bank to enjoy the water scenery that "the water is not freezing, but steaming on the green duckweed" (the fifth natural section), and write from big to small, from the mountains to the water. This is at the big level, and there are similarities and differences within the big level. For example, in the second natural section, the scenery is both < P > and people are written, in the third natural section, the snow is both beautiful and sunny, and in the fifth natural section, the water is both beautiful and the sky is written. The brushwork is vivid and patchy.

The hierarchical arrangement of the full-text scenery is like the movement of the lens: first, look at the panoramic view of the "cradle" → the surrounding hills → (from top to bottom) the mountain tip and a silver edge; On the hillside, some small villages are sandwiched by water-patterned flowers; On the mountainside, pink Bo Xue → Look at the river below → The green algae in the water are steaming → The weeping willows by the water → (from bottom to top) The air → the air → the sky, all so clear and blue.

(3) the distance and the size of the shot are appropriate, and the scenery is hundreds of miles or miles. Such a big Jinan can be placed in a small cradle surrounded by mountains on all sides, and the magnificent scenery is just an "ethereal blue crystal". This is the furthest thing from the scenery. "There is a clever white flower on the top of the tree, like a Japanese nurse", "The algae are really green, and all the green stored all the year round is taken out", which is the closest thing to the scenery. The long-term vision makes people broaden their horizons, and the close-up view makes people look closely and listen; The long-term view can break through the limitation of "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only in this mountain", while the short-term view can avoid the disadvantage of "seeing only the forest but not the trees". Gu Lianyun said, "The mountains are colored from afar, but the water is silent near.". This means that you can't see the mountains are actually colored unless you are far away, and you can't feel the running water without listening closely. This shows that the techniques of landscape writing can not be neglected. In this paper, when writing scenery, not only the distance is used, but also the details are both large and small, and it is often from near to far, from small to large; Or from far to near, from big to thin. For example, the fifth paragraph is from near to far, from small to large: first write about the water steaming, then write about algae, then write about weeping willows, and then write about the sky above the water, even in mid-air and in the sky. The first paragraph of Nature is from far to near, from big to small: write outside the city first, then the hillside outside the city, then the small village on the hillside, and then the snow on the roof of the small village. This writing not only conforms to the logical order of narration, but also meets the visual needs of readers.

(4) The scenery is set off properly, and the images of the scenery are more vivid when they set off each other.

to write a good scene, the key lies not only in setting off, but also in setting off correctly. If you get it right, it will complement each other and turn mediocrity into magic. The article sets off a bun of white flowers on the top of the tree with a sharp tone; Set off the blue sky with all-white peaks; With a white road on the hillside, set off a yellow road; With the yellowish setting sun, Bo Xue's slightly exposed pink is set off, which is a wonderful pen to set off. The "Yellow Grass Mountain" and "Little Gray Shadows" mentioned in the article are not very beautiful in themselves, but they are beautiful when put in the following paragraph: "Look, slowly looking up from the clarified river, the whole

is an ethereal blue crystal. In this crystal, there are red roofs and yellow grass mountains, which are like small gray shadows of small flowers on the carpet; This is Jinan in winter. " This is a world of how to dye with colorful dots! And "Huangcaoshan" and "Little Gray Shadows" are an indispensable part of this beautiful picture.

(5) When writing the scenery, both the virtual and the real are used, and the scenery looks like a legend.

It is very necessary to write the image of the scene, but if you want to express it not only in description, you must rely on virtual writing. Therefore, in the author's pen, Jinan, under the sunshine in winter, has the expression of "sleeping warmly and comfortably, just waiting for the spring breeze to wake them up"; A circle of hills surrounded by the city will also say the whisper of "Don't worry, it will be warm here"; Those skilled weeping willows "need to take a picture in the water". These are all in the text