What knowledge points should be mastered in primary school Chinese stage?

First, Chinese Pinyin.

1, master 23 letters: b p m f d t n l g k h j q x z c s zhch sh r y w.

2. Master 24 vowels:

1) Monovowel: a o e i u ü

2) Eight vowels: ai ei ui ao ou iu ie üe e e.

3) Nasal vowels are divided into front nasal sound and back nasal sound. The front nasal sound is: an en in un ün, and the back nasal sound is: ang eng ing ong.

3. Special vowel: er, which can't be spelled with initials, but only serves as a word sound alone.

4. Overall recognition of 16 syllables: since the second four feet, Shi Li dances in Yiye, and she is full of rhyme and yuan ying.

5. Calibration: a o e i u ü, in order during calibration, i u is tied behind, and I calibration removes points; ü Turn to two points when spelling with j q x y, such as ju qu Yu Xu.

6, the alphabet:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

7. Sound insulation symbol: When the syllable starting with o e is immediately behind other syllables, the boundaries of syllables are easily confused, so the syllables should be separated by a sound insulation symbol ('). For example, H M Seagull: I'm not you.

Second, the method of looking up the dictionary.

1, word order search method. For example: dǐn, first find the phonetic order (D) in the Pinyin outline index, and then find the syllable (dǐn) and the corresponding page number.

2. Radical search method. To look up the word "Hua", we must first find it in the radical directory, then find the dictionary page number corresponding to the radical, and find the word to be looked up under the corresponding radical, the text page number and the number of remaining strokes (6 paintings) in the dictionary.

3, the number of strokes to find the word method. In reading, if you don't know the pronunciation and it is difficult to determine the radicals, you can only use the method of counting strokes to check. First, find the word with the corresponding number of strokes in the "Hard-to-find Word Index", and then open the corresponding text page number to find the word. If you look up "B", look up (1) pictures in "Hard to Find Words Index".

Third, understand words.

1, first find out the meaning of each word in the word, and then understand it in connection with the meaning of the whole word. For example, "gallop", "disease" means "flying fast" and "gallop" means "running fast"

2. Use synonyms or antonyms to explain. Anxiety means hurry. (antonym) "Familiar" means "not unfamiliar".

3. Contact the context to understand. For example, in the article Planting Flowers, we can guess that "cycle" means "repetition" from "going to the yard to see flowers-going back to work-going out again-going back to the house".

Fourth, the emotional color of words.

Commendatory term: well described, such as "tenacious"; Derogatory term: a bad description, such as "stubbornness";

Neutral words: description is neither bad nor bad, such as "look around" and "table".

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Choose words to fill in the blanks:

First, distinguish the differences in meaning, usage or emotional color of the given synonyms, and then judge and choose according to the given sentences.

Fill in. acoup sur

1) The surveyed terrain must be very accurate, without any carelessness.

2) This opinion is very (correct) and I should accept it.

VI. List of commonly used related words:

She is both an excellent student and an excellent team member.

He listens to music and paints.

3) 3. (Because) today is June Day, (so) there is no need to go to school.

Song Wu is (not only) brave, but also (very) witty.

Xiaoming not only studies hard, but also is a good student who is helpful.

6) Only those who dare to challenge difficulties can achieve extraordinary success.

7) If you are willing to study hard, you will certainly overcome this difficulty.

Whether it's windy or rainy, I get to school on time.

9) (Although) today is a holiday, (But) Xiaohua still stays at home and studies hard.

If it is fine tomorrow, we will go climbing.

1 1) Even if you get full marks in this math exam, you can't be proud.

12) Fanka thought: (Instead of suffering in the city,) go back to my hometown to visit my grandfather.

Liu Hulan would rather sacrifice himself than give in to the enemy.

You did it right (not), but I did it right.

15) He (1) started reading (just) forgot to eat or sleep.

Seven, change sentence patterns

1, "ba" sentence or "Bei" sentence. When rewriting, you can think like this: what "puts" what; What is "existence" and what is it? Note: You can't change the meaning of a sentence. I killed a mouse. I killed a mouse. A mouse killed me.

2, paraphrase: tell a sentence to others through your mouth. When rewriting, pay attention to the change of person, remove colons and quotation marks, and make appropriate changes to individual words according to the meaning and fluency of the sentence, not the meaning of the sentence. Teacher Wang said to Xiaoming, "I'll go down to buy water, and you practice here." Teacher Wang told Xiaoming that he went down to buy water and told Xiaoming to practice there.

3. Statements and rhetorical questions: transformation features: statements and rhetorical questions

(affirmative)-(negative)-(negative)-(affirmative)

The faster the horse runs, the farther it is from Chu. The faster the horse runs, isn't it farther away from Chu?

4. Affirmative sentences and negative sentences. There are many people in the street. -There are many people in the street. When you change an affirmative sentence into a negative sentence, you must add words such as "no" and "no" to the sentence, and then replace the words after "no" with antonyms.

Eight. Expansion and contraction of sentences

1, sentence expansion: first find out the main words of the sentence, and then add appropriate modifiers before the main words. The extended sentence is more specific and substantial than the original sentence, but its main meaning remains the same. Xiaoming went to the movies. Xiao Ming (wearing new clothes and happily) went to the cinema (Xinhua Cinema). Xiaoming and his sister are happy to go to Xinhua Cinema to see a movie.

2. abbreviations. First, divide the sentence into two parts: who does what or what and how, then find out the main words in each part, and then remove the decorative words to connect the main words into a complete sentence, but keep the main meaning of the original sentence. Cao Cao heard drums and shouts in the camp. It should be abbreviated as: Cao Cao heard drums and shouts. It can't be simplified as: Cao Cao heard shouting.

Nine, modify the sick sentence

1) The sentence is incomplete. Such as: brave and tenacious soldiers, excellent quality of selfless dedication.

Changed to: brave and tenacious soldiers, the excellent quality of selfless dedication is admirable.

2) Improper use of words. I still lack a decent pencil box in my schoolbag.

"Lack" is not used properly, and should be changed to "lack".

3) Improper collocation. He is wearing a gray coat and a red hat.

"Wear" and "hat" are not properly matched, and should be changed to: He is wearing a gray coat and a red hat.

4) The word order is chaotic. Playing table tennis is very interesting to me.

I am very interested in playing table tennis.

5) Inconsistent. For example, a golden cauliflower in the rape field is colorful.

"Gold" and "color" are contradictory, and "color" should be removed.

6) Repeat. He is the student with the best grades and lessons in our class.

The meanings of "best grade" and "best homework" are repeated, and only one of them needs to be kept here.

7) illogical and unreasonable. He was reading in the sun, and two hours passed unconsciously.

"Xia Guang" is fleeting, and it is unrealistic to last for two hours. "Xia Guang" should be changed to "sunshine".

8) Pay attention to the usage of commonly used modifiers:

Ten, know the way to modify sentences.

1) figurative sentence. Commonly used figurative words are "as if" and "as if", and some figurative sentences use "become", "become" and "become" instead of figurative words, such as: we are the flowers of the motherland. The characteristics of figurative sentences are: ontology and vehicle are somewhat similar, but ontology and vehicle are different. So sentences with figurative words are not necessarily figurative sentences, for example, Xiaohua looks like her mother. (10)

2) personification: write things like people and make things like people. Dragonflies come and tell me the joy of flying in the morning. This sentence uses words such as "tell" and "happy" to write about small animals.

3) exaggeration: deliberately exaggerating or narrowing the description of things. (Exaggerated) Flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days. In the palm-sized cell, he is still exercising.

4) parallelism: three or more sentences with the same meaning, similar structure, roughly equal number of words and consistent tone are arranged together. Such as: this solemn announcement, this majestic voice, spread to the inside and outside of the Great Wall, to the north and south of Tianshan Mountain, to Baishan Heishui, and to Jiangnan, making the hearts of the people of the whole country exult together.

5) Question: Ask yourself and answer yourself. Is there no sound at the bottom of the sea? That's not true.

6) rhetorical question: ask without doubt, ask without answering, and the answer is implicit in the question. What is torture?

7) ask questions: ask questions. Do you go to the library to read today?

Metaphor sentence: the green sea is soft as silk, slightly rippling, so beautiful!

Anthropomorphic sentence: The sun opened the clouds, showed a golden smile and looked at the earth kindly.

Frogs crow, endless fields boil, drums and horns sound, and the waves are rough.

Rhetorical question: Can you be regarded as a "three good students" just by studying well?

Exaggerated sentence: sweet-scented osmanthus and thyme.

Question: Does Xiaoming contribute to the class for the teacher's praise? No, he really contributes to the class.

Eleven, master the usage of some punctuation marks.

1) period (. ): Stop with a period at the end of the statement. A moment, please.

2) question mark (? ): The question is over and paused.

3) exclamation point (! ): A pause at the end of an exclamatory sentence. How beautiful the scenery here is!

4) Comma (,): A general pause in a sentence. He came and went.

5) Semicolon (; ): in a sentence, use semicolons between juxtaposed clauses. For example, there is Koizumi by the pool: some are like big fish spitting water, and a bunch of blisters come up briskly; Some are like a string of pearls, falling halfway; Some people just have a big blister.

6) pause (,): pause is used between words in a sentence that are in parallel relationship. For example, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Pearl River and the Songhua River are the four major rivers in China.

7) Colon (:): indicates the pause after the suggestive speech, and when referring to the following, it indicates that there is something to pay attention to later. She said, "I see."

8) Three usages of quotation marks (double quotation marks ""single quotation marks ""):

A) refers to direct quotation, quotation from other people's words or books. She said, "I see." Or: the sign of "Zhenlong Central Primary School" is hung in front of the building.

B) emphasize and attract attention. For example, a herringbone line is designed.

C) negative meaning. Only those who are afraid of death beg for "freedom"

Note: When quotation marks are still used in quotation marks, double quotation marks are used in the outer layer and single quotation marks are used in the inner layer. He asked the teacher, "Teacher, what does this word' ignore' mean?"

9) Ellipsis (……): Ellipsis can be used in three ways:

A) indicates the omission of the reference. For example, I read a passage "fishermen frown ... don't wait for them to wake up", and I was very moved.

B) indicates the omission of the listed things. There are white bears, elephants and monkeys in the zoo.

C) it means that the words are not finished. The instructor said sadly, "I didn't take good care of you." You have lost weight ... "

D) means the sound is intermittent. For example, "I ... sew ... the wind roared so fiercely that it was really scary."

10) Book title (""): It means that when the names of books, newspapers, articles and film and television dramas appear in a sentence, they should be given titles. Yesterday, I read Lin Hai, Huizhou Daily and Journey to the West.

Dash (-): Dash can be used in three ways:

A) means an explanation. I will never forget that day-1952 65438+10/2.

B) indicates the progress or turning point of meaning. Every window has lights, and the street smells of roast goose, because it is New Year's Eve-she can't forget this.

C) means the sound is prolonged. The train pulled into the station.

Twelve, give the article segmentation (merger method)

1, segmented in chronological order. 2. Transform the section according to the position. 3. Divide things into four sections in the order of development. According to the content and nature of things.

Thirteen, summarize the general idea of the paragraph

1, learn abstract syntax: a, summarize the paragraphs of the total score structure, summarize the meaning of the paragraphs, and grasp the total sentence.

B, turning sentences connecting the preceding with the following, in which the "connection" part often means the previous paragraph, and the "connection" part often means the next paragraph.

C, when you want to extract a few sentences to summarize the meaning of the paragraph, you should compress the sentences appropriately.

2. Use the method of layer merging. (There is a parallel relationship between layers)

3. Choose the main meaning. Write several contents in a paragraph, including main contents and secondary contents. When summarizing the paragraph meaning of such paragraphs, we should "filter" these contents, select the main content as the paragraph meaning, and delete the secondary content.

Fourteen, summarize the main contents of the article

1. Summarize the main contents of the article by topic expansion. 2. Grasp the key paragraphs and summarize the main contents of the article.

3. Summarize the main content of the article by paragraph merging method.

Fifteen, summarize the central idea of the article

1. Summarizing the central idea of the article should include "the main content of the article" and "thoughts and feelings".

2. Common methods to summarize the central idea of the article:

1), summarize the ideas by analyzing the topics. For example, the word "lay down his life" in "Dong Cunrui lays down his life to bomb the bunker" contains Dong Cunrui's heroic spirit and fearless spirit of heroic dedication to the revolutionary cause.

2) Summarize the train of thought by analyzing the central sentence. For example, the central sentence of the lesson "Bird's Paradise" is that "Bird's Paradise" is indeed a bird's paradise! From this sentence, we can know the author's love for bird paradise and nature.

3) Summarize the train of thought by analyzing the main plot. For example, in "Teach the Sparrow", in order to protect her son, the female sparrow stepped forward and prepared to fight with the hounds. This reflects the old sparrow's spirit of loving his son.

4) Summarize the idea by analyzing the main characters. For example, the center of the lesson "Precious Textbooks" should be analyzed from the instructor to understand his revolutionary spirit of caring for the next generation and not being afraid of sacrifice.

3. Summarize the basic form of the central idea: (partially listed)

1), the text wrote () to express (). 2), the article wrote () praised ().

3), the text wrote () explanation (). 4), the text wrote () and told ().

5) Write () to express () praise ().

Sixteen, add a title to the article

Generally speaking, the title of an article can be considered from two aspects: content and center. The basic steps of adding a title to an article are: reading, thinking and adding.

Hope to adopt!