Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather inquiry - What problems should be paid attention to in order to improve the survival rate, annual growth and high yield of fig planting?

What problems should be paid attention to in order to improve the survival rate, annual growth and high yield of fig planting?

What problems should be paid attention to in order to improve the survival rate, annual growth and high yield of fig planting? The cultivation techniques of fig were introduced from planting time, seedling selection and treatment, soil preparation and base fertilizer application, field planting, post-field management and abnormal situation treatment, so as to provide reference for improving the survival rate of fig new garden. Figs are easy to survive after planting, but the survival rate of some newly-built fig orchards is low because of unscientific planting management. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the survival rate and growth of fig planting in the same year and realize early high yield after selecting the garden and determining the target variety.

1 planting time figs can be planted in autumn (late winter) or spring. In late autumn and early winter, the temperature drops, but the ground temperature is Shang Gao. After fig planting, the root system can grow and develop again in the soil environment and produce new roots. In the second year, fruit trees grow fast after pruning, repair, long growth period, large growth and high yield.

The fig trees planted in autumn should be loosened in order to keep moisture, replenish water, prevent frost and prevent shoots, and keep the fruit trees trimmed. The banyan planted in spring has to go through a period of slow seedling stage. At that time, the countermeasure was that it was not easy to temper the seedlings, which led to late germination and slow seedling growth and development. Therefore, it is difficult to grow figs in winter in the cold areas of northern China, and Yichun City has planted them. It can be planted in autumn or spring in other areas, but in areas that are not cold, it should be planted in autumn as far as possible. In addition, nutrient bag seedlings (container seedlings) and kakashi seedlings can be planted in late spring and early summer, and the survival rate is also high by strengthening management.

2 Seedling selection and treatment 2. 1 Annual cuttings or grafted seedlings are generally used for seedling selection, and it is stipulated that the seedlings are fresh, authentic in variety, rich in branches, thick in seedlings, well-developed and meticulous in root system, round in lateral buds and free from epidemics.

2.2 Cutting seedlings: Cutting seedlings can effectively improve the survival rate, avoid drainage of seedlings, and be beneficial to pruning, shaping and beautifying fruit trees. The relative height of the stem after cutting is 20 ~ 40 cm. Before planting, soak the seedlings in water 12 ~ 24h. Root pruning: pruning and combing the root system, pruning the long root system, lightly pruning the main stem and root system to see new stubble, and cutting off too many deformed roots and rotten roots can avoid pruning the nest roots of fruit trees, promote new roots and avoid pests and diseases.

Rooting agent treatment: soak the fig seedlings after root cutting in rooting powder solution (such as 100 ~ 200mg/L potassium indolebutyrate) for more than ten seconds, then pick them and put them in the shade with roots down and stems up, so that the roots can absorb rooting powder solution, which can make the fruit trees prune and take root earlier and more.

3 Soil preparation and base fertilizer scientific soil preparation can soften the soil layer, enrich the soil, raise the temperature, improve the survival rate of fig planting, and promote the growth and development of figs. In conditional areas, strip soil preparation can be carried out, and all-round subsoiling or excavation of planting ditches with a width and depth of more than 50cm can be carried out for foundation pit excavation. When only hole-like soil preparation is carried out, the specifications and models of planting holes should be medium, and the length, width and depth should be above 50cm. After digging a ditch or a pit, it should be erased.

Combined with soil preparation, 30 ~ 45t/hm2 of decomposed organic fertilizer (livestock manure) and 0/500kg/hm2 of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were applied. Calcium superphosphate can also be applied to alkaline soil, and lime 1500kg/hm2 can be applied to acidic soil. In comprehensive soil preparation, chemical fertilizer can be evenly spread and then turned into the soil. Strip-shaped or cave-shaped soil preparation, chemical fertilizer can be applied at the bottom of the drainage ditch or cave, and then the fill soil is mixed, and the backfill soil is irrigated to 20cm away from the road surface to make the soil dense.

When planting, dig a small hole at a fixed planting point after backfilling, and choose the method of deep and shallow planting. In rainy areas or low-lying areas in the south, it is necessary to dig holes and ridge, and choose high ridge planting.

4. figs should be planted from south to north on the flat ground and around the mountain along the contour line in the mountainous area. Firstly, according to the planting Tula rope, the position of each variety is determined, and on the basis of the original soil preparation, a small hole with a thickness of 30cm is dug at the planting point. Each fig variety is planted separately to avoid variety confusion. You can plant several varieties first, and then plant the main varieties.

When plan, that roots of the seedling trunk are placed at the planting point of the planting hole, the seedlings are straightened, aligned up and down, left and right, so that the roots are elongated, and then subsoil is taken from other areas close to the hole and filled into the periphery of evolution, and the seedlings are lifted while backfilling, so that the roots are stabilized layer by layer. After backfilling, the stems with a hole diameter of 80cm are combed around the seedlings and filled with water permeability. After the water seeps downward, cover the surface of the hole with a layer of soil turning and agricultural plastic film or loose soil to prevent the water from volatilizing.

The planting depth, when cutting, the original soil standard is 5 ~ 10 cm lower than the ground, and the rootstock socket of grafted seedlings is flush with the ground to raise seedlings. The planting depth of seedlings in arid areas should be moderate. It is best not to plant too deep. Although deep planting is beneficial to survival, shallow planting grows faster after survival. When figs need to be dried before planting, they should be cut and dried on round buds immediately after planting. The relative height of dried figs depends on plastic and cosmetic methods, and is generally 20 ~ 40 cm.

After planting, manage fig planting, and wipe the cut on the trunk of dry seedlings with sealing paint to avoid water shortage and drainage. When planting in cold areas in winter, loosen the soil and seal the holes after planting, and bury the whole trunk of the seedlings underground (some trunks can be exposed in warm areas in the south) to prevent freezing, moisturize and replenish water for winter. When the temperature rises in spring and the weather gets warmer (Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province, usually in early March), the fill around the seedling trunk is removed.

The seedling stems are tightly wrapped with agricultural plastic film (or rubbed with vegetable oil or acrylic emulsion, etc.). ) Avoid water shortage of seedlings, and cover 1m wide agricultural plastic film along the roots to keep moisture, replenish water and raise temperature, so as to promote root growth and germination.

In dry and windy areas in spring (such as Beijing), the trunk of fig seedlings is very prone to water shortage after planting. In addition to the above methods, plastic sheds (bamboo arches with a length of 1 ~ 2m and a width of 0.5 ~ 1~2m) should be set along the line, and covered with plastic films, which can reasonably moisturize, replenish water and raise the temperature, and prevent seedlings from wilting.

After planting, we should always observe the soil water content to avoid drought and water shortage of fig seedlings. When water loss is serious, fig seedlings die; Lack of water is relatively light, which is likely to slow down the budding time. However, the soil layer is too wet, especially when the ground temperature is low and the environmental humidity is high, which is easy to cause seedling rot.

6 Dealing with abnormal situations Newly planted fig seedlings, especially those planted late in spring, germinate later than fig trees that have been growing for many years. However, fig does not germinate for a long time in the spring after planting, and there is still no sign of germination from the end of April to the beginning of May, which is abnormal. In order to check the seedling stem, the surface skin of the seedling stem should be scraped off gently, and the tip of the seedling stem should still be bright green, which shows that the seedling is alive, but because of some damage to the seedling, the physiological function is unbalanced, resulting in late germination.

The realistic reasons are as follows: ① In winter, the planting depth is too shallow or the soil is too little, and the seedlings suffer from mild freezing injury or the surface roots die of freezing; ② The planting depth is too deep, the air permeability of soil layer is poor, and the growth and development of root system are hindered; ③ The stem setting is too high, the underground part is not balanced with the aboveground part, the stem of the seedling is short of water, or it is cut off at the weak bud during the stem setting, which leads to the bud germination too late; ④ The soil layer is too dry or wet, which damages the root system or trunk of seedlings; ⑤ In spring, the seedlings are exposed and the wind is dry, which makes the seedlings lack water and delays germination.

As long as the roots of seedlings are fresh, some effective measures can be taken to save the delayed germination of seedlings caused by the above reasons. The details are as follows: the trunk of seedlings is seriously short of water, and the upper end is withered. The withered part should be cut off until it is fresh.

The trunk and tip of the seedling are wrapped with hay soaked in 2 1 16 and 0.3% urea solution water, and the outside is wrapped with milky white plastic film, and then the tip is covered with white agricultural plastic film; If the seedlings are too short after cutting, they can be directly covered with grasses such as hay soaked in 2 1 16 and 0.3% urea solution water, and then covered with white agricultural plastic film.

Regularly check the germination of seedlings. When the buds sprout, tear the mouth in time and ventilate layer by layer, and slowly remove the foreskin; When seedlings germinate from the soil at the roots, attention should be paid to protective cultivation. Ficus carica seedlings can germinate in 1 ~ 2 weeks after treatment, so it should be carefully managed in the future to promote its rapid growth and return to normal growth.