Appreciation and Translation of Li Bai's Six Poems of Hengjiang

The original six words of Hengjiang Ci: human nature is good across the river, while agricultural nature is evil across the river. A gust of wind blew down the mountain for three days, and the white waves were higher than the crock pavilion.

The tide has been going south to Xunyang, and Niuzhu came from a dangerous place. Hengjiang wants to ride out the storm, but Wan Li is worried.

The Hengjiang River blocks the western Qin Dynasty in the west, and the Hanshui River connects the Yangtze River and Tianjin in the east. White waves are like mountains that can be crossed, and strong winds worry about steep sails to kill people.

Poseidon returned to the evil wind, and the waves hit the stone walls of Tianmen. What is August like in Zhejiang? Tao is like a mountain spraying snow!

Tianjin officials greeted him in front of the Hengjiang Pavilion, pointing to Yudong's promotion of Haiyun. What does Jin Lang want to cross? Such a storm is not feasible!

The moon is dizzy, the wind and fog can't open, and Hai Jing runs back to the East. The shock wave moved three mountains altogether, and the public did not cross the river to return.

Translation and annotation translation of six poems by Hengjiang Everyone says that Hengjiang is good, but I think the terrain of Hengjiang is extremely sinister. It can be windy for three days in a row, and the strong wind can blow down the mountain peaks. White waves in the river are as high as a crock pavilion.

The seawater poured into the Yangtze River flows south from Hengjiangpu and passes through Xunyang on the way. The northern part of Niuzhu Mountain extends into the river, and there are Rocky Mountains at the foot of the mountain. The terrain is very dangerous. Madang Mountain spans the Yangtze River, and the return air shakes the waves, making it difficult for the ship to sail. Crossing the Hengjiang River is very dangerous. Crossing this water field will affect Wan Li.

Looking from Hengjiang to the west, the line of sight was blocked by the mountains and white waves of Hengjiang, and Chang 'an could not be seen. The east of the Han River is connected with the Yangtze River Tianjin. The white waves in the river rolled like mountains. How can we get through such a danger? The strong wind killed the boatman who was going to travel.

It is often rainy and windy on the Hengjiang River, and the turbulent waves can split Tianmen Mountain in half. How do the tides in Qiantang River compare with those in August? The waves on the Hengjiang River seem to spray snow from the mountains.

I was greeted by the clerk in charge of ferry in front of the post office at Hengjiangpu Ferry. Pointing to the east, he told me that the sea was overcast and a storm was coming. What are you in such a hurry to cross? You can't travel in such a big storm!

On the Hengjiang River, the wind often faints the moon and is shrouded in wind and fog all day long. Haijing flows eastward in the river, and rivers flow backwards. Wave after wave, the momentum is huge, the three mountains will be shaken, and the water in Hengjiang River flows rapidly. Don't cross the river easily. If you cross it easily, there is no turning back.

Note 1 Hengjiang: Hengjiangpu, southeast of Hexian County, Anhui Province, ancient Yangtze River ferry. 2 Tao: One is "speech". Three days, a gust of wind blew down the mountain: one was called "Tianmen Mountain". Three days: one is "January". 4 Han: one is "Chu"; Lian: One is "flow". Steep sail: A very high sail. 6 Zhejiang: This refers to Qiantang River. 7 Come: One is "East". Sound of sea clouds: Thick clouds rise on the sea surface. September: Write a "day". Ten coppers: Drive away. Back: countercurrent. ⑾ Wu Gong Crossing the River: There is a song "Wu Gong Crossing the River" in Gulefu. It is said that a "bald madman" in North Korea drowned across the river, but his wife failed to catch up and threw herself into the river. Before committing suicide, he sang a sad song, "I didn't cross the river, but I did!" " If you cross the river and die, it's nothing! 」

Academic circles have not yet reached a consensus on the creative background of six poems by Hengjiang. Selected Poems of Li Bai, published by Fudan University in Shanghai and Shanghai Classical Literature Publishing House successively, both think that "Lang" is an ancient name for young men. According to the sentence "Why does Lang want to cross the river now", it is speculated that this poem was written by Li Bai when he left Sichuan in 726 AD (the 14th year of Kaiyuan). Li believes that this group of poems was written by Li Bai on his way back to Beijing from Nanling in the autumn of 742 AD (the first year of Tianbao). In the poem, "Li Baichu was deeply trusted by Xuanzong at that time, and he longed to go to Western Qin to play for Xuanzong and make great achievements", but the "white waves like mountains" on the other side of the Yangtze River blocked the way to Western Qin, which was out of reach. Poets are the most anxious people and want to cross it. Huang Xigui's Chronicle of Li Taibai inscribed this poem in 755 AD (Tianbao 14th year) in front of the Hengjiang Pavilion in Dangtu. He Qingshan also believes that this group of poems was written in Tianbao 14th Autumn on the eve of An Shi Rebellion. The storm crossing the river in the poem symbolizes "the dark and decadent political situation" and "the precarious national destiny", which means "great chaos is about to start, great disaster is about to start, and the critical moment is imminent". On the other hand, Mr. An Qi believes that this group of poems was written by Li Bai in the autumn of 753 AD (Tianbao 12th year) when he passed through Hengjiangpu on his way back to Xuancheng from Youzhou. He believed that the Hengjiang storm symbolized the Anshi Rebellion and reflected the poet's worries about the crisis in the Tang Dynasty.

Appreciation of Six Poems of Hengjiang Ci: "Human nature is good, farming inherent vice." In the first two sentences, the language is natural and fluent, unpretentious and full of local colors. "Nong" is the name of Wu people. "Humanism" and "Agricultural Road" are purely spoken and have a strong flavor of life. One is introverted and the other is publicity, with true feelings, symmetrical language and rich folk literature. Hengjiang, namely Hengjiangpu, is located in the southeast of Hexian County, Anhui Province, on the north bank of the Yangtze River, opposite to Caishiji on the southeast coast, and the situation is dangerous. Looking at the Yangtze River from Hengjiangpu, sometimes it is calm and the scenery is pleasant. The so-called "human nature is better than the river"; However, sometimes the wind and waves are big, and "crossing the river to tide over the difficulties" and "such a storm is not feasible" are thrilling and terrible, so "crossing the river for evil" leads to the following two strange words. "The gale blows down Tianmen Mountain" and "Blows down Mountain" are common exaggerations in folk songs. Tianmen Mountain consists of East Liangshan and West Liangshan. Xiliangshan is located in the south of Hexian County, and Liangdongshan, also known as Wangboshan, is located in the southwest of dangtu county. "Two rocks, facing east and west, face each other like a door" (Jiangnan Tongzhi), the situation is very sinister. "The wind roared down", the poet described the wind whistling: it roared and roared, as if to blow down Tianmen Mountain. The next line, pushing the boat with the current, describes the magnificent scene of strong winds and huge waves in Hong Tao: "White waves are higher than crock pavilions." The storm set off huge waves in Hong Tao, stirring up snow-white spray. Looking from a height, "white waves are like mountains, can they be crossed?" Tao is like a mountain spraying snow. "Along the Yangtze River in Tianmen Mountain, it washed away like an avalanche, and the wandering peaks rose higher and higher, as if they were higher than the crock pavilion on the river outside Nanjing. The poem ends with a "crock pavilion", which is a vivid pen that makes the finishing point. Crock Pavilion, also known as Shengyuan Pavilion, is located in the west corner of Jiankang House. Bird's-eye view of the river in front, followed by heavy hills ... the remains of the Liang Dynasty, 240 feet high "("Yu Fang Sheng Lan "). It is like a navigation mark in poetry, indicating the direction, position and height. The poet stood on the height of imagination and looked at it from the perspective of Tianmen Mountain, as if it were faintly visible. The waves are surging and rushing for thousands of miles, heading for the crock pavilion. The magnificent white waves soar high, which seems to be higher than the crock pavilion. It's really spectacular The exaggeration of the poet's description of big waves lies in similarity and dissimilarity. "The gale blows down Tianmen Mountain" is obviously a bold exaggeration. However, judging from the rigor of the mountains and the violent scenes of the wind, it can be said that it is vivid and makes people feel credible but not illusory. "White waves are higher than the crock pavilion", which may not look like it at first glance, but from the perspective of distance, standing at a height, white waves seem to be higher than the crock pavilion in the distance. Such exaggeration is reasonable and does not appear stiff and artificial.

"Chaonan has reached Xunyang, and Niuzhu has a dangerous history. The Yangtze River turns north and south at the Anhui border, so the tide is not going west, but south. Xunyang County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, Bai Juyi's "Pipa Trip" is here. Niuzhu, that is, quarrying, has always been famous for its steep terrain, and one person can pass. The danger of 10,000 people cannot force it to be described, which is far steeper than Madang. Madang is located 40 miles northwest of pengze county, Jiangxi Province. It is named Hengjiang, because a mountain shaped like a horse crosses a river. Wan Li is always worried. These two sentences seem to write about the danger of crossing the river, but in fact they write that the road to serving the country in the north is difficult. "The evil of storms" means that the world is cold and people's hearts are unpredictable, so there is a word "worry". At that time, the poet avoided disaster in Jiangnan, so there was no way to serve the country. There is no wine here to drown your sorrows, and there is still some fantasy in this sorrow, unlike the fourth part of "Drinking the Moon Alone", which says "There are thousands of sorrows and 300 cups of wine." Even if the wine is less sad, the wine will not return. "There are three words' sorrow' in twenty words, and finally I don't even come to worry.

"Looking west across the Yangtze River, the Western Qin Dynasty is blocked, the Hanshui River flows eastward, the Chu River flows eastward, the Yangtze River and Tianjin. The Yangtze River natural moat blocked Li Bai's way to the north. He could only look west from Hengjiang, and the Yangtze River changed from east to west, so he looked west instead of north. Western Qin refers to the seat of Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty, and Li Bai never forgets to repay his kindness. Hanshui, the Yangtze River water, flows eastward to Tianjin, the Yangtze River. The ancient place name is actually a ferry along the Yangtze River. The dividing line between the Yangtze River and Jiangsu is commonly known as the Yangtze River. Li Bai wanted to go north from here, but "white waves can be crossed like mountains", just in time for the stormy waves that day. White waves were like mountains, and the ferry could not cross the river. It is not so convenient for ancient people to cross the river now. No matter by train or bus, they can cross the Yangtze River Bridge in a few minutes. In ancient times, there were no bridges on the Yangtze River, and boats were mainly used to cross the river. At that time, ships were generally made of wood and could not hold white water. It can be said that you may capsize if you are not careful. Therefore, on windy days, ships generally do not cross the river. "The wind sorrow kill steep sail. Judging from this sentence, the ship at that time not only had oars, but also sails, and there was more than one person sailing, at least two people. One paddles and the other sails. Judging from the poem, it is not Li Bai who is worried about the strong wind, but the person who sails and sails. Because they can't sail across people, the living expenses are not settled, and the family can't live. What is actually written here is that people who sail are worried, but what is really worried is Li Bai. He didn't say anything about going north, but one thing is certain: Li Bai doesn't want to live in Jiangnan for a long time, far away from Chang 'an, the political center of the Tang Dynasty.

"Poseidon has returned to the evil wind, and the waves hit the stone walls of Tianmen", and "Poseidon" refers to the tide. The tide has just risen here, and the wind is coming again before the tide recedes. The waves hit the stone wall of Tianmen and seemed to open the door of Tianmen. Tianmen, namely Tianmen Mountain. "Zhejiang in August? Tao is like a mountain spraying snow! The word "Zhejiang August" is very puzzling. The poem is about Jiangdong, and the reason why I went to Zhejiang is actually just to show how big the waves in Hengjiang are with the tide in Zhejiang. Su Shishu in the Song Dynasty described Zhejiang Tide in this way: "August 18th Tide, the world is spectacular. Kunpeng hit the water for 3,000 miles and trained a long drive of 100,000 people. The red flag and green cover gradually disappear, and the black sand and white waves eat each other. August of the lunar calendar is the most spectacular time of Zhejiang Tide, and the degree of danger is unusual. The waves after the tide in Hengjiang River can rival Zhejiang Tide. It can be seen that Li Bai has seen the Zhejiang tide, and he took it without trace. The last sentence, "Waves like mountains and snow", describes the danger of surging.

"In front of the Hengjiang Pavilion, Tianjin officials received him, pointing to Yun Sheng, whose east is the sea. Officials from the ferry in front of Hengjiang Post Office came to see me off. It can be seen that Jindu was a public ferry at that time. Li Jing has lived in the local ferry for a long time and knows the climate change here like the back of her hand. After seeing Li Bai, he stretched out his arm and pointed to the east and said, "Look, the sea cloud has appeared. It means that the tide is about to rise, and the ferry can't pass people. Then he asked, "What does Jin Lang want to cross? My Lord, what are you doing on the ferry to the north today? According to the word "lang", some people think that Li Bai was still a young man when he crossed the river, because all young men were called "lang", but in fact this "lang" obviously does not refer to people's age. " "Lang" has five meanings in ancient times: one is the place name, Lu Yi in the Spring and Autumn Period; The second is the official name, which was established during the Warring States period and became a general term for court officials after the Qin and Han Dynasties. Third, it refers to the floorboard of young men; Fourth, it refers to a woman's nickname for her lover; The fifth is the surname. The word "lang" in the poem can be interpreted as the second kind, that is, the meaning of lang Guan. For example, Biography of Historical Records says that "the son of heaven thinks lang", and Ji in Han Dynasty says that "Princess Guantao seeks lang for her son". Li Bai once stayed in the palace for three years, all of them were officials, but it was thousands of kilometers away from Beijing. A small official at the ferry can know that he is an official of the capital, probably because Li Bai is wearing a palace robe given to him by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. People can tell at a glance that he is an official. Before Li Bai could answer, the man said, "Such a storm is not feasible! No matter what happens, big or small, it's impossible today anyway, because it's going to be a storm.

"The moon is dizzy, the wind and fog don't open, and the sea view east Cu 10 1 makes Sichuan back a lot. The shock wave moved three mountains, and the public did not cross the river. " These four poems not only describe the waves in the Yangtze River, but also describe the waves in Hai Jing. And there is fog on the river, which is even worse.

In six poems, Li Bai's longing for going north, and his depression and anxiety that he could not cross the north in bad weather are everywhere. Poets use romantic colored pens to enrich their fantastic imagination and create a magnificent realm, which is refreshing and open-minded. Language is as natural and smooth as folk songs and as clear as words.

Poetry: "Six Poems of Hengjiang" Author: Classification of Li Bai's Poems in Tang Dynasty: Yuefu, Scenery Writing, Lyric, Landscape and Poetry Group