What are the several meanings of classical Chinese?

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Original meaning: to use) 2. Same as the original meaning. Some of them have been weakened into prepositions, and they are also used.

——"Shuowen" means to use. ——"Xiao Er Ya" Any teacher who can control him is called Yi.

——"Zuo Zhuan·The Twenty-Sixth Year of Duke Xi" was the reason why Xinjiang Sheji was sealed. ——"Zuo Zhuan·Ding Gong Ten Years" is purely formal.

——Cai Yuanpei's "Pictures" If I know you, then why? ——"The Analects of Confucius" 3. Another example: using hands instead of feet (crawling. Indicates willingness to admit mistakes and be punished); using estrangement to keep people close (people with distant relationships alienate people with close relationships); using ears as eyes (treating what you hear as Witnessed with one's own eyes); Measuring the river with one's fingers (measuring the depth of the river with one's fingers.

The metaphor fails to achieve the purpose) 4. Make, make Xiang Yu use Qi Shi Wang to attack Song Dynasty. ——"Warring States Policy" 5. Another example: to show off one's slowness (disclosure of faults); to introduce one's eyebrows (a birthday wish); to use barbarians to attack barbarians (to make the barbarians attack each other) 6. To rely on; to rely on a wealthy country to Farmers are far away from the enemy and rely on soldiers.

——"Han Feizi" 7. Think that I started with the sun. ——"Liezi·Tang Wen" 8. Another example: using the masses to bully and persecute the weak ones (using a large group to bully and persecute the small and weak group) 9. To do, engaging in education is the most meaningful career, and I am willing to spend my life With that.

——Ye Shaojun's "Ni Huanzhi" Noun: 1. Reason, how long is the reason? There must be something. ——"Poetry Bei Feng" 2. People without fixed occupations are called idlers.

——"Shi Ya" Waiting for the border. ——"Poem·Zhou Song" 3. The abbreviation of Israel.

For example: Arab-Israeli War Preposition 1. Handle, take - expresses the disposition of things and expresses feelings. ——"Shishuoxinyu·Zixin" Cut the wolf with a knife.

——"Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio·Three Principles of Wolf" 2. Another example: to convince people with force (to make people obey by force) 3. According to, press, and rely on - expressing the basis for action and behavior or premise. Still speaking, what is the basis for it?

——"The Analects of Confucius" with remaining strength in his remaining years. ——"Liezi·Tangwen" I know it by drinking oil.

——Song Dynasty Ouyang Xiu's "Guitian Lu" used Dazhong Cheng to care for Wu. ——Ming Dynasty Zhang Pu's "Tombstones of Five People" pays homage to me with the son of a native.

——Ming Dynasty Song Lian's "Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang" is based on his intelligence. ——Qing Dynasty Gong Zizhen's "Bingmeiguan Ji" 4. Another example: Yiying Datong (inheriting the throne); Yitian self-blame (resigning to fate); Yishi (on time; according to time) 5. In, Yu - means action The time, place or scope is rewarded by spring and summer and punished by autumn and winter.

——Liu Zongyuan's "Theory of Punishment" stated that he was executed in the city on August 13th. ——Qing Dynasty Liang Qichao's "Tan Sitong Biography" Yu Yi Qianlong.

—— Yao Nai of the Qing Dynasty, "Climbing Mount Tai" 6. Cong, Zi, You - indicates the starting point of action or change from ancient times to the present, from the emperor to the common people, contempt has good interests And the unkind ones. ——"Qianfu Lun" Today, from Changsha to Yuzhang, there are many waterways and it is absolutely difficult to travel.

——"Historical Records" 7. Another example: the following (lower class; lower class); the people below (lower class people; slaves and maids); using the complex to simplify (the government, state, and county in the Qing Dynasty were absent, There are traditional and simplified styles, which are divided into four categories: most important, important, medium and simple. For example, Shandong is traditional and Anhui is simple. From Shandong to Anhui, traditional and simple are used); Motley literary talent.

Metaphor for being ignorant and narrow-minded) Conjunction 1. For. Such as: die in the line of duty (dedicate your life to be loyal to your job); think about it later (make plans for the future) 2. Because, because - expresses the reason for the behavior. To be greedy and diligent.

——"Zuo Zhuan·The Thirty-Third Year of Duke Xi" I will only survive by catching snakes. ——Tang Dynasty Liu Zongyuan's "Snake Catcher's Theory" is full of profound thoughts.

——Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty, "A Journey to Bao Chan Mountain" Those who enjoy it enough do not know that the verbal and physical worship is not as good as others. ——Ming Dynasty Song Lian's "Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang" is successful because of its smallness and inferiority.

——"Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio · Promoting Weaving" With a single thought, you met someone who was divorced, and you were left alone and in danger. ——Qing Dynasty Yuan Mei's "Essay on Sacrificing Sisters" is based on several remonstrances.

——"Historical Records·Chen She Family" Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself. ——Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower" 3. Another example: to cause (indicates that the situation mentioned above led to the following results); to make others useless (because the person is not good, his remarks are also negated); to benefit To harm one's health (due to the pursuit of profit and remuneration); to harm one's private life (to damage justice or public morality due to personal feelings); to dismiss an official for reasons (oldly refers to an official resigning due to normal reasons); to waste food due to choking (due to choking while eating) , then dare not eat again

Metaphor of stopping what you should do due to occasional setbacks); using words to harm the meaning (misunderstanding or misinterpreting the author's original meaning due to rigidity in the meaning of words) 4. and, And - means that the parallel relationship is close.

——Since the Song Dynasty Wang Anshi’s "Travel to Baochan Mountain". ——Zhou Rong, Qing Dynasty, "The Biography of Old Man Taro" A chicken glanced at it and went in to peck it.

——"Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio·Promoting Weaving" 5. Then, then - expresses a conditional relationship. If you fail to win the battle, you will be followed by death. ——"Warring States Policy" 6. Cai, Sijue's ancestor, exposed the frost and cut the thorns to have a sizeable land.

——Song Dynasty Su Xun's "On the Six Kingdoms" is as small as an inch. (Only one inch.)

——"Book of the Later Han·Biography of Women" 7. The purpose or result of the expression, etc. The wise old man could not respond. ——"Liezi·Tangwen" Particle 1. Used before simple position words or time words to express boundaries such as time, position, quantity, quality, and scope. The west peak of Riguan.

——Qing·Yao Nai's "Climbing Mount Tai" 2. Added in the sentence to express the soothing tone or adjust the rhythm. I have no wine, so I can swim with Ao. ——"Poetry Bei Feng" 3. Added at the end of the sentence to express a positive tone. The husband is a small bird, and the oriole is the reason.

——"Warring States Policy" 4. Added after the willing verb, similar to the suffix of the word. Such as: can; be able to; be able to. 2. What are the meanings of "yi" in classical Chinese?

Yi 1. Because, because: Example: ⑴ Because Yi Yi is lame, father and son protect each other.

⑵The minister is not invited. ⑶Only Sanbao is brave and versatile, and is recommended for the long term.

⑷Because the place is too clear and cannot stay for a long time, it is remembered and left. ⑸Don’t be happy with things, don’t be sad with yourself.

2. And. Example: ⑴The ship recognizes those who do good deeds.

⑵Leave five hundred people to hold it down to cut off the meandering roads and bridges. (In order to:) ⑶I ride on horseback and carry an arrow to aid the battle.

⑷ Roll up the bottom of the stone to get out. ⑸ And rely on Gan to satirize it? ⑹ Those who bite people and have no control.

(Essay: There is a meaning here) ⑺ Therefore, it is said that the husband can observe the style of others. ⑻ It belongs to me to write down.

⑼ Kill him in response to Chen She. ⑽ Gaozu became an emperor because of it.

(11) It is not advisable to belittle oneself and use metaphors to block the path of loyalty and admonishment. (12) Please make the prince king to eliminate Qin Wang.

(13) Yu and the four others entered with fire. (14) If the barbarians are close, there will be many tourists.

(15) Cao Xi floats along the river. (16) Fan Kuai turned his shield to hit him.

(17) I sincerely wish to stay with you until death. (18) Suddenly the soul palpitates and the soul moves.

(19) The extravagant customs are growing day by day. (20) Everyone stood up to listen.

(21) To the people of the world. (22) However, be patient and do it.

(23) If the hidden army comes, the country can gain it. (24) It is the crime of being alone to defy Uncle Jian and humiliate his two or three sons.

(25) Then he pulled it out to attack Jinghe River. (26) Then he threw himself into Miluo and died.

(27) The responsibility is also heavy on Zhou. (28) Competing with one thing.

3. Handle, take, use. Examples: ⑴The poor returned from the South China Sea to report to the rich.

(Omit the preposition object after "to".) ⑵ Cover his mouth with money.

⑶Slaughter fear and throw bones into it. ⑷ Tell with emotion.

⑸The binding is the furnace fire, which will burn it out. ⑹ Send Yuan Ji to the capital in a carriage.

⑺Why do you plan? ⑻We will attack Song Dynasty. ⑼The Lord of Chang'an must be taken as a pledge, and the troops will be sent out.

⑽ Therefore, when the collapse is approaching, the ministers are sent with important matters. (11) I want to use the land of 500 miles to install the mausoleum.

(12) It is the same as taking the old law as its country. (13) I would like to invite Yi Bi with fifteen cities.

(14) It is necessary to repay the township party with suzerainty. (15) Tell the truth.

(16) The scholar-bureaucrats finally refused to moor their boats under the jade at night. (17) Respond to others with oneself.

(18) The one who waits for surprises but not for surprises wins. (19) Husbands of the country show sympathy to each other.

(20) Will challenge the bell. (21) Rely on your sincere words and never waver.

4. Think, think. Example: ⑴I use the time when the sun begins to rise to approach people.

⑵ I used the king's attack on Song Dynasty, which was similar to this. ⑶The old minister thinks that I am the Lord of Chang'an and is plotting against him.

⑷ All of them are more beautiful than Xu Gong. ⑸The little Confucian rules and regulations mean that the righteousness of the monarch and his ministers cannot escape between heaven and earth.

5. Depend, depend. Example: ⑴I know it by looking at it.

⑵With the power of the king, he has never been able to damage the hill of Kuifu. ⑶The people of the territory do not regard the boundaries of the territory as a seal.

⑷ Those who live in Anling for fifty miles are just Mr. You. ⑸Be known to the princes with courage.

⑹ Take by attacking. ⑺Over time, you will be able to identify people by the sound of their feet.

⑻They are all good at words and are famous for their poems. 6. According to, according to.

Example: ⑴The policy is not done in the right way. ⑵ Let’s check it out now.

⑶The remaining ships followed suit. ⑷Why should quantity be the difference? ⑸It is forbidden to kill because of the law.

⑹ Advance in order. ⑺Then there is no law to engage in.

7. Basis. Example: ⑴Now that I see it from the perspective of Jiang, I still believe it.

(To: take it in one sentence.) ⑵ It is important to know the distance by using the near.

8. It means "already". Examples: ⑴ It’s just weird.

⑵ The day is over. 9. Composition aid, expressing time, direction and scope.

Example: ⑴Since I was appointed, I have been feeling sad all day long. (Use: to indicate time) ⑵ Refers to the fifteenth year from now on, all the capital will be given to Zhao.

(With: position) ⑶ From the prince to the next, everyone is extravagant. (With: table range) 10. In.

Example: ⑴In December of the 39th year of Qianlong's reign, I rode the wind and snow from the capital, traveled through Qihe and Changqing, passed through the northwest valley of Mount Tai, crossed the limit of the Great Wall, and arrived at Tai'an. ⑵ Killed in the city on August 13th.

⑶ In the summer of the 17th year of Chongzhen, he walked from the capital to Mount Huashan as Huang Guan. ⑷ If I return home before the time comes, you will die in time.

11. As a language aid, it plays the role of adjusting syllables. Example: If you go against it, it will fry my breasts.

12. For. Example: ⑴If I know you, why? (To: do) ⑵ It is inevitable.

(Used as: yes) 13. Pass “has” and stop. Example: If there is no way, then what is the king? 14. Appointment.

Example: There is no need to use loyalty, and there is no need to use virtue. 15. This, this.

Example: An object is used to argue with another object. (The original meaning refers to the previous "Yi".) 3. What does "Yi" mean in classical Chinese?

1. Because, because:

⑴Because Yi is lame alone, father and son are related to each other. Bao.

⑵The minister is not invited.

2. And, come.

⑴Anyone with good intentions will ship in.

< p> ⑵ Leave five hundred people to control it to cut off the meandering roads and bridges. (To: for the convenience)

3. To handle, to take, to use.

⑴The poor will help themselves Return to the South China Sea to tell the rich. (Omit the preposition object after "to".)

⑵ Cover his mouth with money.

⑶ Slaughter the fear and throw in the bones.

4. Think, think.

⑴ I used to go when the sun started to rise and people were approaching.

⑵ I used the king’s officials to attack the Song Dynasty, which was similar to this.

5. Rely on, rely on.

⑴I know it based on my own judgment.

⑵With the power of the king, I have never been able to damage the hill of Kuifu.

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6. According to, according to.

⑴The policy is not based on the way.

⑵Now it is corrected by practice.

7. Based on .

⑴Now that Chiang is looking at it, I still believe it. (To: One way to take it.)

⑵It is important to know the far by using the near.

8. Tong "Already", already.

⑴It's so strange.

⑵The sun has come to an end.

9. As a idiom, it expresses time and direction. and scope.

⑴Since being ordered, I have been lamenting all night long. (Used as: time)

⑵Referring to Zhao from now on for fifteen years. (Used as: direction)

10. In.

⑴In December of the 39th year of Qianlong's reign, I rode the wind and snow from the capital, traveled through Qihe and Changqing, passed through the northwest valley of Mount Tai, crossed the limit of the Great Wall, and reached Tai'an. .

11. As a helper, it plays the role of adjusting syllables.

If you go against it, it will make me pregnant.

12. For.

⑴If you know it, why? (To: do)

13. Through "already", stop.

If you don't have it, what will happen?

14. Appointment.

There is no need to use loyalty, and there is no need to use virtue.

15. This, this.

With an object Fight with things. (The original meaning of the item refers to the previous "with".) 4. There are several classical Chinese explanations

Translated book Planting Bamboo: Ziyou planted bamboo in the tax land, and said to people with a smile: "How can I There will be no such king for a day! "Bamboo is empty in the middle and connects to the outside, and it becomes stronger with each passing year. Therefore, people in the past often liked to go into the forest with their arms. I love bamboo, but I only love its descendants Yuli. They hold the wat in various positions and arch the blue clouds, with dragons flying and phoenixes dancing, and they have the air of the sky. Looking back at all the flowers and colors of the grass, they are just beautiful and charming. When encountering the wind and rain, they become faded and messy, and they no longer have the ambition to live out the grass. All the disciples of the Zhu family here today are like this. I would like to look at it with bamboo, and I hope you will make progress. Flowers decrease with age, while bamboo increases with age. Bamboo has practical uses in the world, but flowers only matter to people.

Translation: Ziyou rented a piece of land to grow bamboo, and said to others with a smile: "How can I live without a gentleman like this for a day! (This gentleman)" Bamboo is open-minded on the inside and straight on the outside. The colder the weather, the stronger it becomes, so ancient people often liked to hide in the mountains and forests hand in hand with it. I love the bamboo forest, especially its descendants, which stand tall and graceful, with different heights. They hold bamboo shoots and arch them high into the blue clouds, with dragons flying and phoenixes dancing. They look like they are soaring into the sky. Looking back, all the flowers and colors in the grass are just painted to please others. Once they encounter wind and rain, they will fade and become messy, and they will no longer have the ambition to live out the grass. Nowadays, all the rich and powerful disciples in the neighborhood belong to this category. I would like to hope that they can make some progress in the style of bamboo. Because the number of flowers decreases year by year, but the number of bamboos increases year by year. Bamboo has a practical use in the world, but flowers are just to cater to people. 5. There are several meanings in ancient Chinese

①<; move>; use; use.

"Shejiang": "There is no need to use loyalty, and there is no need to use virtue."

②<; move>; do. "Zi Lu, Zeng Xi, Ran You, and Gong Xihua sit down": "If you know it, why?"

③<; Action>; think. "Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi for accepting advice": "They are all beautiful in Xu Gong."

④<; introduction>; Indicates the tools and methods used or relied on for action, which may be translated as "take" depending on the situation. ", "use", "depend on", "handle", etc. "The Biography of Lian Po Lin Xiangru": "I would like to invite Yi Bi with fifteen cities."

⑤<;Introduction>; It plays the role of a guest and can be translated as "Bar". "The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "Qin also did not give the city to Zhao, and Zhao eventually refused to give Qin Bi."

⑥<; introduction>; indicates the reason for the action, which can be translated as "because ”, “due to”, etc. "Snake Catcher's Theory": "But I only survive by catching snakes." "Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "It is impossible to go against the joy of strengthening Qin in order to strengthen Qin."

⑦<; Introduction>; indicates the time and place where the action occurs, and can be translated as "in" or "from". "Su Wu Biography": "Wu Yi arrived in the capital in the spring of the sixth year of the First Yuan Dynasty."

⑧<; Introduction>; Indicates the object of action and behavior. The usage is the same as "and", which can be translated as "harmony", " "Follow"; sometimes translated as "lead, lead". "Warring States Policy? Zhou Ce": "The world has changed, and the king seceded Hanzhong and made peace with Chu." "Xinling Lord stole the talisman to save Zhao": "(The prince) wanted to go to the Qin army as a guest, and he died with Zhao." < /p>

⑨<;连>; indicates a parallel or progressive relationship, which can be translated as "er", "you", "and", etc., or can be omitted. "Travel to Baochan Mountain": "If the foreigners are close, there will be many tourists; if the danger is far, there will be few." The action behavior is often the means and method of the latter action behavior. It can be translated as "er" or omitted. "Travel to Baochan Mountain": "I and the four people held the fire to go in."

⑾<;lian>; expresses the causal relationship, often used before clauses expressing reasons, and can be translated as "because ","because". "The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "The reason why I do this is to put national urgent matters first and then private hatred."

⑿<;lian>; expresses the relationship between modifying and being modified. "Returning to Lai Ci": "The wood is flourishing, and the spring is trickling and beginning to flow."

⒀<; Lian>; The relationship between expressions can be translated as "er", "lai" and "for" "wait. "Shi Shuo": "Write "Shi Shuo" to learn from it."

⒁<;lian>; indicates the limit or range of time, location, and quantity, and its usage is the same as in modern Chinese. "Zhang Heng Biography": "From the prince to the prince, no one is more extravagant."

⒂<;lian>; means that when describing one thing, it turns to another thing, which can be translated as "as for" . "Liu Yi's Biography": "However, those who keep their minds to themselves will be able to avenge the king's injustice, and others will not be able to do so. Those who speak carefully and do not avoid each other will accidentally hear it, how can it be intentional!"

⒃<; Vice >;pass "has". already. "Chen She's Family": "If you buy a fish and cook it, you will find a book in the belly of the fish, which is really strange." 6. "Guo" in classical Chinese has several meanings

"Guo" in classical Chinese has several meanings 6 meanings, detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Walk through; pass by.

"The War of Yao": "In the spring of the thirty-third year, the Qin army passed by the northern gate of Zhou Dynasty."

Translation: (Lu Xigong) In the spring of the thirty-third year, the Qin army passed by The north gate of Zhou Capital City.

2. Time passes.

"Picking Herbal Medicine": "If you pick it after the flower has passed, the color of the roots will be dark."

Translation: If you pick it after the flowering period, the color of its roots will be dark.

3. Experience; process.

"Su Wu": "The envoys of the Later Han Dynasty returned to the Xiongnu, and Chang Hui asked his defenders to accompany him. He met the envoys of the Han Dynasty at night and gave his own instructions."

Translation: Later Han Dynasty The envoy went to the Xiongnu again. Chang Hui asked the person guarding him to go with him (to meet the Han envoy). He met the Han envoy at night and recounted all his experiences (in these years).

4. To exceed; to surpass.

"The Matter of Qi Huan and Jin Wen": "There is no other reason why people in ancient times were greater than others. They were just good at judging what they did."

Translation: Ancient Sages and Sages , the reason why he is much better than the average person is that he is good at generalizing what he does to other things.

5. Excessive; too much.

"Chen Qing Biao": "I have been promoted, favored and blessed, so how dare I linger and have hope."

Translation: Now I am a lowly captive of a subjugated country. I am really humble. It's not even worth mentioning, but thanks to the promotion, and the blessings are very generous, how can you dare to hesitate and have other plans?

6. Negligence.

"The War of Food": "If you make a mistake alone, what's the fault of the doctor?

”

Translation: This is my fault, what is the doctor’s fault! 7. Ji has several meanings in classical Chinese

⑴ Indicates a turning relationship, equivalent to "however", "But", "but".

① His family is very smart about his son, but he doubts his neighbor's father

② Isn't it a gentleman if he doesn't know but is stunned?

③There is no need to promote the common good in the world

④Green is taken from blue, and green is from blue

⑵It represents a positive relationship. Connecting the adverbial and the central word, it is equivalent to "zhu", "地", etc., or it may not be translated. Example:

① A trace of tiredness, even an inch

② An uproar and a shock. Although the chickens and dogs are not at ease.

③ The one-year-old is dead, and the rest are happy and happy

④ Go in the morning and return in the evening. /p>

⑤ Cover your mouth and laugh.

⑶ Express a hypothetical relationship, connecting the subject and the predicate, equivalent to "if" and "if". Example:

① People have no faith and don’t know what is possible.

② If you are interested, you can look at the horse’s head.

⑷It means parallel, equivalent to "and" and "you". , "harmony" may not be translated. Example:

①Smart and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions

②A strange wild snake from Yongzhou, with black substance and white markings. p> ③ The crab has six knees and two claws, which is nothing but a snake and eel's cave.

④ Master Qin is light and rude

⑸ Indicates the relationship of inheritance. "Moreover", "And" and "Jiu" may not be translated. Example:

① Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones

② I heard. And the more sad it is.

③Put it on the ground, draw the sword and smash it

④Escape the slip and return it. ⑹Tong "Ru". , as in. Example:

The army was frightened and destroyed.

⑺Tong "er", you, yours. .

② If you want to die, your father will die.

That’s all.

①The ventriloquist sits in the barrier, just a table, a chair, and a foot.

②That's it.

③It's just a matter of time. /p>

④He thinks that he is the only one who knows how to fight in the world.

⑤Compared to all the big rivers, they are just small branches.

"Afterwards", only then. . Example:

①It depends on the help of skin sense, and then it is seen as the body.

②The minister devoted himself to death and died.

③It will be completed in March.

④ Although storytelling is a small skill, it must describe temperament and follow customs. For example, Youmeng shakes his head and sings, and then he can succeed.

⑤Fake others and see them later.

"And Kuang" means "what's more", using a rhetorical tone to express a further meaning. Example:

① Nowadays, a bell chime is placed in the water, but it cannot make any sound despite the strong wind and waves. But what's worse!

② The technical skills are not yet tasted, but the situation is huge! 8. To - has several meanings in ancient Chinese

To

1. Used as a preposition. There are mainly the following situations:

(1) Indicating the tools, methods and others used or relied on for actions or behaviors, it can be translated as "use", "take", "rely on" and "based on" depending on the situation. According to "What identity do you use?" etc. For example:

Taking the old law as its country is the same as this. ("Cha Jin")

I would like to offer fifteen cities to Yi Bi. ("Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru")

That's when he came to see it. Question: "Why fight?" ("Cao GUI's Theory of War")

The rest of the ships followed suit. ("The Battle of Red Cliff")

At that time, the person who used the Dazhong Prime Minister to govern Wu was Wei's personal... ("The Tombstone of Five People")

(2) Starting from Teabing Function can be translated as "handle". For example:

Qin also refused to give the city to Zhao, and Zhao eventually refused to give Qin the bi. ("The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru")

(3) It expresses the cause of actions and behaviors, and can be translated as "cause" and "due to". For example:

It is impossible to use a jade to oppose the joy of Qin. ("The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru")

At that time, Cao Cao's army suffered from famine and epidemic, and most of them died. ("Battle of Red Cliff")

(4) Introducing the time and place where actions and behaviors occur, the usage is the same as "yu", which can be translated as "in" and "conong". For example:

In December of the 39th year of Qianlong's reign, I rode the wind and snow from the capital... to Tai'an. ("Climbing Taishan Mountain")

Today, we are going to Yuzhang from Changsha. There are many waterways and it is difficult to travel. ("Hanshu Biography of Southwest Yi")

(5) It expresses the object of action and behavior. The usage is the same as "with", which can be translated as "harmony" and "following"; sometimes it can be translated as "lead" "lead".

For example:

There was a change in the world, and the king cut off Hanzhong and made peace with Chu. ("Warring States Policy·Zhou Policy")

(The son) wanted to go to the Qin army as a guest, and died together with Zhao. ("Jun Xinling steals the talisman to save Zhao")

2. Used as a conjunction. The usage has many similarities with "er", but it cannot be used to turn relationships.

(1) Indicates parallel or progressive relationships, often used to connect verbs and adjectives (including phrases centered on verbs and adjectives), and can be translated as "and", "and", "and" and "and" Wait, or skip it. For example:

If the barbarians are close, there will be many tourists... ("Travel to Baochan Mountain")

(2) Expressing the relationship of succession, the action before "Yi", It is often the means or method of the latter action. It can be translated as "er" or omitted. For example:

Yu and four others held fire and entered... ("Travel to Baochan Mountain")

(3) Expressing the purpose relationship, the action behavior after "with", It is often the purpose or result of the previous action. It can be translated as "er", "come", "to use", "to", etc. For example:

Written "Teacher's Theory" to teach others. ("Shi Shuo")

Collect money to send him away. ("Tombstone Story of Five People")

It is not advisable to belittle oneself... to block the path of loyalty and admonishment. ("Chu Shi Biao")

(4) Indicates causal relationship, often used before clauses expressing reasons, and can be translated as "because". For example:

The princes thought that the prince was a wise man and had many guests, so they did not dare to send troops to plot against Wei for more than ten years. ("Xinling Lord steals the talisman to save Zhao")

The ancients... were omnipresent because of their profound thinking. ("A Journey to Bao Zen Mountain")

(5) It expresses a modifying relationship and connects the adverbial and the central phrase. It can be translated as "er" or omitted. For example:

The trees are flourishing and the springs are beginning to trickle. (Tao Yuanming's "Returning Words")

3. The polysyllabic function words "yishi" and "shiyi" are equivalent to "therefore", leading to the development of reasoning or the result of inference. For example:

So many people spend their time off writing books... ("Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang")

I just want to write it down, sighing at Li Yuan's slips and laughing. Li Bo is ugly. ("The Story of Shizhong Mountain")

Therefore, the blade of the sword is as new as nineteen years old. ("The Cook and the Cow")

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Yan:

1. Modal particle. It is often used at the end of a sentence and generally does not need to be translated.

So I sighed. ("A Journey to Bao Zen Mountain")

2 Sometimes used in a rhetorical tone, it can be translated as "what". How can a thousand bells be of any use to me? ("Fish I Want")

3. The words are the same here and there, like the wind and rain.

4 Interrogative pronouns, where, how can we put the earth and rocks.

Interrogative adverb, where, why should I die to accompany my neighbors?

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As for "Xu" and "微"

"Xu" means "promise, promise", such as "Anling Jun Qi Xu Xiaoren"

Also means "a little, a little".

Wei means a little bit.

Neither word means much.