What types of flutes are there?

The flute is actually a general term for a type of musical instrument. If classified in terms of pitch, the flute is generally divided into a curved flute (the flute has a thicker and longer body, a lower pitch, and a mellow tone, mostly distributed in China) South), Bangdi (the flute body is shorter and thinner, the pitch is higher, the tone is clearer, and it is mostly used in various operas in northern China) and the alto flute (the shape and pronunciation characteristics are between the Qudi and Bangdi). ?

1. Qudi

It is named after the accompaniment of Kunqu Opera. It is also called class flute, city flute or tie-line (i.e. silk-wrapped) flute. Because it is abundant in Suzhou, it is also called It is known as "Su Di". This kind of flute is mostly in the key of D or C or even B flat. The tube body is thick and long. It may be a legacy of the great horizontal flute.

The sound is rich and soft, fresh and mellow. It is widely popular in all parts of southern my country, and is most suitable for solo or ensemble playing. It is one of the distinctive and important instruments in local music such as Jiangnan Sizhu, Sunan Chuipida, Chaozhou Flute Set, Gong and Drum, and opera music such as Kunqu Opera.

The membrane of this kind of flute is loosely attached, and the sound is smooth and clear. Various decorative techniques are most commonly used in performance, such as "calling out sounds", "appropriate sounds", "vibrato", etc. Generally, strong spitting and staccato are avoided. The breath must be full and even, not too strong or too hasty. ?

2. Bangdi

The flutes in the north are mostly bangdi (treble flute), with high-pitched and loud pronunciation. This is inseparable from the regional characteristics and living and working habits of the northern people. When playing local music (including various local operas), "liyin", "glissando", "vomiting sound", "flower tongue", etc. are most commonly used. The use of breath is fierce.

For example, Qinqiang, Xixi, Pu Opera, Hebei Bangzi, etc., as long as you play these happy music more, you can become familiar with some traditional playing methods of northern flute. ?

3. Mongolian Flute

The people on the grasslands of Inner Mongolia live a non-settled life for many years. The people there are cheerful and unrestrained. The music is broad and high-pitched, and there are often rapid progressions of polyphonic sounds that suddenly stop on a sustained note, creating a very open and unrestrained effect, like a horse galloping on the grassland.

For flutes from this region, the membranes are usually tightly attached, or even without membranes (sometimes a loose membrane is required). In terms of performance techniques, some decorative techniques are often used, such as "overlapping sounds", "appropriate sounds", "calling sounds", etc. One of the more prominent features is the frequent use of vibrato fingerings in the upper third or fourth. ?

4. Uyghur flute

The Uyghur people are good at singing and dancing, and their music is bright and fiery. Most high-pitched flutes are used, and generally no diaphragm is used, or the diaphragm is attached very tightly (sometimes a loose diaphragm effect is also used). In terms of playing method, the luck is generally stronger, the momentum is greater, and the contrast between strength and weakness is particularly obvious.

The most common techniques are "sharp glide" and some decorative ones such as "appropriate sound", "gift sound", "calling sound" and so on. In addition, "flower tongue" and "vomiting sound" are also often used, and most of them require strong and halting speech. ?

5. Tibetan flute

The flute was not very popular among Tibetans in the past, but there are some folk artists who play it very well. They mostly use alto flutes, and many of their playing methods imitate erhu playing and vocal singing. In addition, there are the following characteristics:

When two eighth notes of the same degree are played continuously in one beat, an upper third is usually added to the first note of each beat. A grace note of a degree (sometimes the second degree above) (that is, the playing method of the upper grace note); add an ornament sound of the second degree below the second note (that is, the playing method of the lower grace note). ?

6. Mouth flute

According to research, the mouth flute has been recorded in the history of our country and has been unearthed. But it was in the 1970s that it was innovated, officially put on the stage, and entered the elegant hall of music. Yu Xunfa of the Shanghai Chinese Orchestra was the first to use his improved flute in solos, which was welcomed by people.

The sound range of modern ordinary flutes can reach up to two octaves, but in terms of intervals and scales, some sounds are difficult to pronounce or the pronunciation is very inaccurate. Because of its simple production, low cost, easy portability, and its unique charm, it is welcomed by many people. ?

7. Dong flute

The Dong flute is very popular in the Dong area at the junction of Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces. Its timbre is beautiful, bright but not flashy, sweet but not depressing. It reflects the secluded fir forests and the clear and flowing mountains and rivers of Dong countryside. Its sound is similar to that between a bamboo flute and a cave flute.

The key reason why the Dong flute can produce that unique sound effect lies in the mouthpiece of the flute head. Unlike the bamboo flute, which is a hole-blown instrument that is blown horizontally, it relies on a mouthpiece (mouthpiece) to produce sound.

8. Yuping Flute

Produced in Yuping Dong Autonomous County, Guizhou. Made from local small water bamboo. The body of the flute is oval in shape, and its surface is engraved with images of landscapes, flowers, plants, birds, animals, insects, fish, or poetry, with exquisite craftsmanship. The pair of male and female flutes is more famous. The male flute has a slightly thicker tube with "Tenglong" engraved on it; the female flute has a slightly thinner tube with bright pronunciation and "Caifeng" engraved on it. This kind of dragon and phoenix flute is quite unique in its craftsmanship.

Extended information

Maintenance of flutes:

1. Maintenance of new flutes

Newly purchased flutes or newly made flutes by yourself , if you find that the bamboo is not too dry, you can plug all the holes in the flute, then pour some salt water and soak it for one to two days (depending on the humidity of the bamboo, the soaking time for wet bamboo should be longer), and then open it Pour out the salt water from the hole, rinse it with clean water, wait for an hour, and then apply some cooked vegetable oil in the tube before use.

If the bamboo flute you bought is originally very dry and strong, it is best to wipe the flute barrel and around the blow hole with alcohol for disinfection purposes. In addition, a little moisture in the bamboo will also be eliminated as the alcohol evaporates.

2. Flute box protection

Professional flute players all have a flute box. Those who don’t have a box can make a cloth cover (preferably laminated or cotton) , it is best to make one wide and one narrow, the wide one for summer and the narrow one for winter. Put the flute inside on weekdays. If you don't have a cover or box, you can find a piece of clean cloth to wrap it to prevent wind, sun, and dust from entering.

3. Clean after use

After each blow, be sure to pour out the saliva in the flute tube. It is best to make a cloth brush. After pouring out the saliva, put it in and wipe it gently, and then put it into a box or bag. This prevents saliva from becoming moldy and smelly inside the flute tube, causing the flute tube to rot.

4. Protection of the flute tube

When the weather is too hot or too dry, it is best to make a "flute tube" (use a small stick equivalent to the length of the flute tube and wrap it with several layers of clean cloth, apply some oil), and stuff it into the flute tube when not playing to prevent the flute body from breaking. The thickness of the "flute gallbladder" should be consistent with the thickness of the flute tube. If it is too thick, it cannot be stuffed in, and if it is too thin, it cannot touch the bamboo wall and cannot moisten the flute.

5. Wash carefully

After playing the flute for a long time, there will gradually be a lot of dust inside the flute tube. The dust and the infiltration of air and water form dirt over time, which is not only unhygienic, but often emits a smell, and even affects the tone and pitch. Then it needs to be washed. Especially those who do not have a flute case or sleeve should wash their flute once in a certain period of time.

Be careful when washing. It is not advisable to wash with water. In this way, the flute will absorb too much water, and it will easily break when it is wet and dry. You can use a soft cloth or medicinal sponge, wrap it around a wooden stick (the wooden stick should be thin but not too thick), and soak it in alcohol (preferably medical alcohol) to scrub.

6. Repair after breakage

Sometimes due to changes in weather, too cold or too hot, or because the bamboo is too tender and has too few knots, the flute body can easily break. In order to prevent this kind of rupture, or after it has ruptured, you can wrap it with silk thread at both ends and between the blow hole and the film hole, and between the film hole and the sixth hole (stretchy plastic is best) Need not). Or wrap the head and tail with copper (or aluminum) rings.

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