Cactus knowledge

Alias: Stichopus japonicus (Cynanchum spinosum) plants are native to tropical and subtropical continents of North and South America and some nearby islands, and some of them grow in forests.

Most species of succulents are native to South Africa, and only a few are distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of other continents, so South Africa is known as the "treasure house of succulents".

According to the origin and ecological environment, the above plants can be divided into three categories: tropical, subtropical arid areas or desert areas.

Under the condition of extremely dry soil and air, it survives with the help of water stored in stems and leaves.

Originated in tropical and subtropical alpine arid areas.

These areas are short of water, with strong sunshine, strong wind and low temperature. Succulent plants are short, and their leaves are mostly rosette-shaped, or densely covered with wax and fluff, so as to reduce the harm of strong wind and strong light in mountainous areas and reduce excessive transpiration.

Native to the tropical rain forest.

These species do not grow in soil, but attach themselves to the rocks of tree trunks and shadow valleys.

Its ecological habits are close to epiphytic orchids.

Medicinal method: the whole plant is used as medicine.

It can be harvested all year round.

Fresh or sliced and dried.

Indications: clearing away heat and toxic materials, removing blood stasis and detumescence, invigorating stomach and relieving pain, and relieving cough.

Used for gastric and duodenal ulcer, acute dysentery and cough; Externally used for treating parotitis, mastitis, carbuncle and furuncle, snake bite, burn and scald.

Price: 3~ 10000 yuan per plant.

Tropism of nature: slightly bitter, cool in nature.

Usage and dosage: fresh1~ 2; Take a proper amount of fresh products for external use and apply them to the affected area.

Precautions: sting contains poisonous juice, which may easily cause allergic symptoms such as redness, pain and itching after being stung.

Alias: wind tail, dragon tongue, flat grass, fairy palm, Guanyin thorn.

Nature and taste: cold, bitter and astringent.

Meridian tropism: entering the heart, lungs and stomach.

Traceability of medical classics

As a medicinal plant, cactus was first seen in Zhao Xuemin's Compendium of Materia Medica in Qing Dynasty.

According to the book, cactus is light in taste and cold in nature. It has the functions of promoting qi and blood circulation, clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving swelling and pain, invigorating spleen and stopping diarrhea, calming the nerves and inducing diuresis, and can be used to treat various internal and external diseases. According to the herbal prescription written by Liu Shan in the Qing Dynasty, cactus tastes bitter and cold, and it is not difficult to cure diarrhea caused by five hemorrhoids. Children with baldness are covered with sesame oil, and insect sores and scabies are washed safely.

"Seeking the Grassland" contains: cold, eliminating novelty and washing hemorrhoids.

Lu Chuan's materia medica records the functions of diminishing inflammation, detoxicating, expelling pus and promoting granulation, and is used to treat sore, carbuncle, swelling and cough.

"Lingnan Materia Medica Collection" records: "Cactus is baked to cure breast carbuncle and initial tuberculosis.

Among the folk herbs in southern Fujian, it is said that a proper amount of fresh cactus whole grass should be applied to the affected area to completely cure the palm furuncle.

"Guangxi Chinese Herbal Medicine" contains: cactus stops diarrhea and treats enteritis and diarrhea.

"Mindong Materia Medica" contains: it can eliminate phlegm, relieve intestinal toxicity, strengthen stomach, relieve pain, nourish, relax tendons and activate collaterals, heal sores and stop bleeding.

Treat intestinal wind, hemorrhoid, hemorrhage, lung abscess, gastropathy, and traumatic injury.

Hunan Pharmacology records that cactus can relieve swelling and pain, promote qi and blood circulation, eliminate dampness and reduce fever, and promote granulation.

The Picture Book of Chinese Medicinal Plants records that if the cactus skin is mashed, it can be used to treat fire injury and acute mastitis.

Decocting with water can cure dysentery.

The classification of materia medica includes: treating swelling pain, detumescence toxin and malignant sore.

"Guizhou folk prescription drug collection" contains: cactus is a stomach-strengthening and stomach-nourishing agent, which can also replenish spleen, relieve cough and soothe the nerves.

Treat heart and stomach gas pain, snake wound edema.

"Herbal Classic" records that "cactus is non-toxic, and licorice is used to treat intestinal hemorrhoids and diarrhea." It can be seen from the data records that cactus has a remarkable effect on treating furuncle and swelling.

Edible green thorn is one of the vegetables with the highest content of vitamin B2 and soluble fiber.

Edible Zanthoxylum bungeanum contains 8 kinds of amino acids and various trace elements necessary for human body, as well as precious components such as Gynura bicolor, Celastrus orbiculatus and hibiscus. It not only has many functions on human body, such as clearing away heat and toxic materials, invigorating stomach and spleen, clearing away throat and moistening lung, and caring skin, but also has obvious therapeutic effects on liver cancer, diabetes, bronchitis and other diseases.

Green thorn is high in potassium, low in sodium and low in sugar, and its sugar content is lower than lettuce and cucumber.

The plural of cactus is cacti or cactus.

Ceres is just a kind of green thorn, not the general name of green thorn. There are many kinds of green thorns, such as Poria cocos, the largest green thorn in the world, and Blossfeldia liliputiana, the smallest green thorn in the world.

Cactus (Figure 3)

A family of dicotyledonous flowering plants (characterized by having two cotyledons).

It belongs to Dianthus (Cactus).

An authoritative organization lists Acanthoptera as an order with only one family-[cactales], and botanists estimate that Acanthoptera has 130 genus, about 1650 species.

Celosidae is native to North and South America, from British Columbia and Alberta to most parts of the south. Its southern border extends to Chile and Argentina.

Mexico has the largest variety of cacti.

Only Rhipsalis may be native to the Old World and distributed in East Africa, Madagascar and Sri Lanka.

However, many scholars believe that this genus was introduced to these areas from other parts of the world.

Capparis spinosa is a succulent perennial.

Although a few species live in tropical or subtropical areas, most of them live in arid areas.

The stem of cactus is usually thick and contains chlorophyll, grass or wood.

Most kinds of leaves either disappear or are extremely degraded, thus reducing the surface area of water loss, while photosynthesis is replaced by stems.

Only tropical Pereskia and Pereskopsis have obvious functional leaves.

Roots are usually slender, fibrous, shallow and widely distributed, and are used to absorb surface water.

Green thorn plants vary in size and shape, from button-shaped Piote palm, short and rough thorn pear and hedgehog palm to large plants such as tall cylindrical barrel palm, cactus and tall tree-shaped giant mountain shadow palm.

Most cacti grow in soil, but some tropical species, including Corydalis, Epiphyllum and Schlumberger, are epiphytes. Others grow on hard surfaces, such as rocks.

The stems of epiphytes are usually thin and flat.

The surface morphology of plants is also different, either smooth or with prominent nodules, ridges or grooves.

Different from other succulent plants, Dendrocalamus latiflorus has a mat-like structure on its stem.

In almost all kinds of communities, thorns or barbs will grow, from which flowers, branches and leaves (if any) will be born.

The internal structure of the stem is the same as that of other dicotyledons, and there is a cambium between the internal xylem and the external phloem.

However, stems are mostly composed of thin-walled storage cells, which contain mucilage, which can protect plants from losing water.

The stem of cactus is the main organ for producing and storing nutrients.

A few cactus species can produce small plants near the ground level, so as to reproduce asexually.

The tissues of various cacti are quite consistent, so the terminal part of one cactus can be grafted to the top of another cactus.

The center of Cynanchum japonicum is hollow, which can effectively store water, but Cynanchum japonicum mainly propagates through seeds.

The flowers of cactus are usually big and beautiful, and most of them are solitary.

All genera have flower tubes (composed of perianth segments, calyx and petals are obviously different or indistinguishable), and the ovary is inferior and one room.

There is a style on the ovary, and there are many stigmas at the top of the style to receive pollen.

After pollination and fertilization, the ovule develops into seeds (multiple seeds) and the ovary develops into fruit [usually berries].

Pollen is carried by wind or birds.

Shortly after pollination, the flower tube falls off from the top of the ovary, leaving obvious scars.

Cactus (Figure 5)

Green thorn plants are widely planted as ornamental plants.

In addition, Rosa roxburghii (fairy fruit) and Cioglia palm (both belong to Rosa roxburghii) are also planted for food.

In South America, Celastrus mandshurica, wax and other species are used as living fences, and in some desert areas, wooden columnar cactus is used as fuel.

Barrel palm (cactus and cactus) is the water source in an emergency.

Lophophora williamsii is a palm with hallucinatory effect, which has been used in some ceremonies since Columbus arrived in America.

Celosidae is a large family with at least 2000 members.

Its hometown is in America and Africa, among which Mexico has the most kinds of distribution, known as the "Kingdom of Green Thorn", and Green Thorn is praised as "Xiantao" by Mexicans.

China Yunnan minority areas also have the habit of taking cactus fruit as fruit.

There is a beautiful legend in the local area: a huge Shan Ying flies around looking for a place to live with a snake in its mouth.

When it landed on a cluster of green thorns full of yellow flowers, it never wanted to leave.

Since then, Mexicans have established their home in this vibrant place-Mexico City.

The design of the Mexican national emblem is based on this legend.

Edit this paragraph history

biographical notes

Cactus (Figure 6)

Green thorn flowers are native to South America and the North American continent, and are found in Ontario, Canada at 50 degrees north latitude and Santa Cruz, Argentina at 50 degrees south latitude.

According to relevant records, after Columbus discovered the new continent in 1496, he was first brought to Europe by sailors from Caribbean islands in South America in 1540, and was introduced to Japan in 1669.

In the Botanical Dictionary published in England in 1840, there are 400 cultivated Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

At that time, the flowers of Cynanchum auriculatum had developed from wild introduction to artificial cultivation, and the original wild Cynanchum auriculatum had been improved into a special ornamental flower through horticultural cultivation.

characteristic

Cactus (Figure 7)

Most green thorns grow in arid environment.

Some are cylindrical, 10 meters high and weigh about 20000 kilograms. They stand tall and spectacular.

Some prickly cacti, some of which live for more than 500 years, can grow into giant balls with a diameter of two or three meters. People cut the upper part of it and dig soft and juicy stem meat to quench their thirst.

Green thorn plants also have a special ability. In the dry season, they can go to sleep without eating or drinking, so as to minimize the consumption of nutrients and water in their bodies.

When the rainy season comes, they wake up very sensitively, and their roots immediately become active, absorbing a lot of water, making plants grow rapidly and blossom and bear fruit quickly.

The roots of some cactus plants will turn into carrots, which can store 70 or 80 kilograms of water.

Someone once put a cactus in a dry paper bag for more than two years. Although it shrank a little, it was poured into the pot and soon grew new roots and resumed growth after watering.

Cactus is appreciated by human beings for its wonderful structure, amazing drought tolerance and tenacious vitality.

There are grotesque stems and bright flowers.

Although the grotesque cactus with sharp spikes is daunting, the flowers they produce are particularly delicate and colorful, like tassels.

The whip-like "Moonlight Queen" has large white flowers with a diameter of 50 to 60 cm.

Epiphyllum, known as "a flash in the pan", is an epiphytic cactus plant native to tropical forests in Central and South America.

[ 1]

Cultivators love green thorns only for one reason, and thorns and fluff with different shapes and colors are also loved by many viewers.

In particular, some bright red and golden thorns and white fluff varieties are even more varied.

No wonder some people call it a "living handicraft".

Physiological characteristics of Celastrus orbiculatus photosynthesis: Sedum plants "Sedum acid metabolism * * *" (CAM-) belong to C4 plants.

The representative plants are cactus, pineapple and longevity flower.

Cactus (Figure 8)

In order to survive in arid tropical areas, CAM- plants has developed a set of survival strategies, and CO2 fixation will be separated in time in calvin cycle.

In this way, excessive water loss can be avoided, because the stomata are only open at night to absorb CO2.

Pure C4 plants fix carbon dioxide through spatial separation (mesophyll cells and vascular bundle sheath cells).

However, plants that metabolize Sedum acid follow the following circadian rhythm: At night, CO2 is absorbed and fixed on phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).

The generated oxaloacetic acid (OA) will be reduced to malic acid and stored in vacuoles of cells.

This process is accompanied by acidification, and the reducing substances produced by the decrease of pH value in daytime photoreaction will also play a role here.

During the day: acid substances in vacuoles (mainly malic acid and also aspartic acid) will be decarboxylated.

The released CO2 enters calvin cycle.

CAM plants must prepare enough phosphoenolpyruvate for fixing CO2 at night.

Because of this, plants store starch during the day and convert it into phosphoenolpyruvate at night.

This is probably the case with CAM access. In fact, it divides photosynthesis into two main steps. One is carried out during the day, which is the so-called photoreaction stage. At this stage, energy is obtained by absorbing light, water is electrolyzed, oxygen is released, and reducing force is generated. Then the second half step of photosynthesis-CO2 fixation is carried out at night.

The purpose of editing this paragraph

Edible value of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

People often think that green thorn is just cactus fried lily as an ornamental plant.

, there is no use.

In fact, the fruits of many green thorn plants can not only be eaten raw, but also made into wine or dried.

Green thorn has always been a traditional food in the United States, and it is an indispensable characteristic vegetable and fruit in people's daily life. People wash and chop the green thorn and make soup, or bake it on the stove, or make it into cake stuffing, or directly pickle fresh green thorn, and some use green thorn to make wine.

In the Mexican market, some tender stems with flaky green thorns can be sold as vegetables.

Some wooden trunks with columnar green thorns have been used as building materials by Indians.

The flaky stem nodes of Lepidium spinosum can not only be used as livestock feed, but also its viscous juice can be used as a purifying agent to purify water.

In some places, some prickly cacti are planted next to the house as barbed fences.

Medical use of Cynanchum auriculatum

There are about 220g of vitamin A, 16mg of vitamin C, 1.6g of protein and 2.7mg of iron per 100g of edible green thorn, which can generate 25kcal-30kcal of heat.

In recent years, many countries began to treat arteriosclerosis, diabetes and obesity with green thorn, and achieved good results.

It is said that this is mainly because the vitamins contained in pepper can inhibit the absorption of fat and cholesterol and slow down the intake of glucose.

Edible green pepper is rich in nutrition, contains a lot of vitamins and minerals, and has the functions of lowering blood sugar, blood lipid and blood pressure. The tender stems of edible green pepper can be eaten as vegetables, and the fruit is sweet. Old stems can also be processed into health care products and medicines with the functions of reducing blood fat and cholesterol.

Cakes, snacks and dishes in Mexico are well known. They are cooked with the flowers of local Celosiaceae plants.

As a medicine in China, Celastrus orbiculatus was first recorded in Zhao Xuemin's Compendium of Materia Medica in Qing Dynasty.

According to the book, green thorn is light in taste and cold in nature. It has the functions of promoting qi and blood circulation, clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving swelling and pain, invigorating spleen and stopping diarrhea, calming the nerves and inducing diuresis. It can be used for internal and external use to treat various diseases. According to Liu Shanshu's book "The Square of Grass and Trees" in Qing Dynasty, it is recorded that green thorns taste bitter and cold, five hemorrhoids are diarrhea, which is hard to cure, and children's baldness is scabbed and sesame oil.

"Seeking the Grassland" contains: cold, eliminating novelty and washing hemorrhoids.

Lu Chuan's materia medica records the functions of diminishing inflammation, detoxicating, expelling pus and promoting granulation, and is used to treat sore, carbuncle, swelling and cough.

"Lingnan Materia Medica Collection" records: "Cactus is baked to cure breast carbuncle and initial tuberculosis.

Among the folk herbs in southern Fujian, it is said that a proper amount of fresh whole grass can be pounded on the affected area, which can completely cure the boils on the palms.

"Guangxi Chinese Herbal Medicine" contains: Green thorn fruit stops diarrhea and treats enteritis and diarrhea.

"Mindong Materia Medica" contains: it can eliminate phlegm, relieve intestinal toxicity, strengthen stomach, relieve pain, nourish, relax tendons and activate collaterals, heal sores and stop bleeding.

Treat intestinal wind, hemorrhoid, hemorrhage, lung abscess, gastropathy, and traumatic injury.

According to Hunan Medicine, green thorn gum has the functions of detumescence and pain relief, promoting qi and blood circulation, eliminating dampness and reducing fever, and promoting granulation.

The Picture Book of Chinese Medicinal Plants records that prickly skin prickly skin prickly skin prickly skin prickly skin prickly skin prickly skin prickly skin prickly skin prickly skin prickly skin prickly skin prickly skin can be used to treat fire injuries and acute mastitis.

Decocting with water can cure dysentery.

The classification of materia medica includes: treating swelling pain, detumescence toxin and malignant sore.

"Guizhou folk prescription drug collection" contains: cactus is a stomach-strengthening and stomach-nourishing agent, which can also replenish spleen, relieve cough and soothe the nerves.

Treat heart and stomach gas pain, snake wound edema.

It can be seen from the data records that Zanthoxylum bungeanum has a remarkable effect on treating furuncle and swelling.

The existing reports are used for adjuvant treatment of nephritis, diabetes, palpitation insomnia, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, heart disease, obesity and liver disease, as well as dysentery, asthma, stomachache and intestinal hemorrhoid bleeding.

Beauty function of Stichopus japonicus

Celastrus orbiculatus has good antioxidant effect, scavenging free radicals and delaying aging.

It also has remarkable radiation protection effect. The cactus cared for by Swiss legend magic care concentrates the radiation protection stock solution.

The anti-radiation stock solution of magic care Green Piercing Lotion adopts the internationally advanced three-high fresh extraction technology to extract high-end natural raw materials, ensuring the high nutrition, high purity and high activity of natural organic functional ingredients, and protecting the skin from the ultraviolet rays of the sun and the radiation of computers, televisions and mobile phones.

Edit the section on indoor cultivation.

Cactus (fig. 10)

Green thorn is widely transplanted to indoor cultivation from wild to wild, which reflects a trend of urban residents choosing potted flower varieties.

Because of the limited building area and dry air, it is often difficult to cultivate large or exquisite potted flowers. Only some varieties with small size, drought tolerance, simple management and high ornamental value are most suitable, and green thorn plants just meet these requirements.

Indoor potted cactus, it is advisable to choose varieties with small spheres and many flowers. In cultivation, this plant should not be considered drought-tolerant, and its normal watering and fertilization should be ignored.

For indoor cultivation, lead wire and plastic film can be used on the windowsill to create a closed space with high temperature and high humidity. Under such conditions, most green thorns not only grow fast, but also have crystal clear colors.

Potted soil requires calcareous sandy soil or sandy loam with good drainage and ventilation.

Don't water the new pepper first, just spray it several times a day. After half a month, only a small amount of water can be given, and after one month, new roots will grow to give normal water.

In winter, when the temperature is low and plants are dormant, it is necessary to control water.

After spring, with the increase of temperature, the dormancy of plants is gradually released, and watering can be gradually increased.

Apply decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer every 10 day to half a month, and do not apply fertilizer in winter.

Under the general residential conditions, it is not difficult to make full use of space, cultivate dozens of pots of various green thorns and decorate a small "green thorn garden".

At the turn of spring and summer, the * *-shaped green thorns on the windowsill produce dazzling flowers. After work, people can rest under such conditions, which can not only eliminate fatigue, but also enjoy the natural beauty.

Edit this section of pest control.

Pests are difficult to control.

Cactus (fig. 1 1)

(1) Pieris rapae and locust: spray 25% deltamethrin 2000 times; (2) Prevention and control of red spider: defense is the main factor, and the breeding environment should be properly ventilated, but a certain humidity should be maintained to avoid sultry and dry.

Commonly used drugs are 40% omethoate 1000- 1500 times solution and 40% dicofol 1000 times solution.

Spraying 1 time every 7- 10 days in high temperature and dry season, and spraying thoroughly before overwintering.

(3) Control of scale insects: Because there are waxy scales on the adults of scale insects, drug control often fails to achieve the expected results, so more attention should be paid to prevention.

Farms should be kept clean. When scale insects are found, bamboo pieces can be scraped off in time, or branches with many insects can be cut off and burned.

Drug control of scale insects must be carried out shortly after eggs hatch and before wax shells grow, and it must be sprayed repeatedly to be effective.

The drugs used are usually 1000 times of 50% malathion, 800 times of 25% ethion EC, 40% omethoate EC and 80% dichlorvos EC with 1000 times of water.

(4) grubs, needle worms and cutworms: 50% phoxim 800- 1000 times solution can be used for irrigation.

disease control

(1) Prevention of rot: Prevention should be the main measure to prevent rot.

First of all, improve the environmental conditions of breeding places, which can greatly reduce the occurrence and spread of pathogenic bacteria.

Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen cultivation management.

Do not mix immature organic fertilizer into the planted soil, and the fertilizer should be light and not thick.

If you find waterlogging, you should drain it in time. You can cut off some rotten roots and plant them when the wound is dry.

Spraying fungicides on cactus or the surrounding environment regularly has a certain effect on preventing rot.

Commonly used fungicides are zineb, carbendazim and Tobuzin.

(2) Gold spot, pockmarked spot and scab: 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution or 50% carbendazim 600-800 times solution or 70% thiophanate methyl can be sprayed; (3) Rust: 25% triadimefon can be sprayed 2000-3000 times.

Edit this Mexican national flower

Cactus (fig. 12)

Mexico is called "the country of thorns".

Capparis spinosa is the national flower of Mexico.

According to legend, the green thorn was given to Mexicans by God.

Green thorn has the reputation of "desert hero flower"

There are more than 2000 species of green thorn plants in the world, about half of which are from Mexico.

In the harsh environment, no matter how barren the soil is and how dry the weather is, the green thorns on the plateau are always full of vitality and straight up, which constitutes a unique feature of Mexico.

Don't try to infringe it.

It is full of thorns, tenacious vitality and tenacious personality. It doesn't care about water, waterless, hot or cold weather, but it can bloom bright and beautiful flowers on emerald palm stems, which is a symbol of the Mexican people's strength, courage, unyielding and fearless.

In order to show the charm of Capparis spinosa and promote the spirit of cactus, a cactus festival is held in Mibangta near the Mexican capital in mid-August every year.

Every holiday, the place where * * * is located will be decorated with lanterns and colorful decorations, and restaurants will be opened around it to sell all kinds of green thorn food.

Edit the water storage function of this paragraph.

There is a layer of wax on the surface of green thorn, and the leaves have evolved into needles, which reduces the external area and thus reduces water transpiration.

Green thorn evolved fleshy tissue, waxy skin and sharp thorn, and specialized roots made them have all the growth advantages in this difficult ecological environment.

The trunk is like a reservoir, which can expand and contract according to the amount of water it stores, and the chlorophyll on it replaces the leaves for photosynthesis.

The wax protective layer on the skin can keep moisture and reduce water loss.

Sharp thorns can prevent thirsty animals from treating it as a free drink.

They usually develop many shallow roots, only a little below the surface, and the distribution of roots can extend to several feet around to absorb as much water as possible.

When it rains, green thorns will grow more roots.

When it is dry, its roots will wither and fall off to keep water supply.

Edwards said: "Green thorn is more closely combined with water than the soil in which it grows."

When it grows, it risks losing water in the soil, so it has to separate itself from the soil. "But when there is a sandstorm, it is easy to be blown away.

Edit this alien invasive species

At the end of Ming Dynasty, Cynanchum japonicum was introduced to China, and now it can be seen all over the country, along the coast of South China and in the southwest dry-hot valley.

In Australia, the invasion of Nitraria tangutorum is more harmful, and the local people and people have taken various measures to fight against Nitraria tangutorum, with little effect.

Later, the problem was solved by introducing natural enemy Gaby crassus caterpillar from South America.

Edit the largest cactus in this section.

In Mexico, there is a plant called Nitraria tangutorum, which is 17.69 meters high and weighs 10 ton. It is the biggest thorn in the world.

Edit this passage of cactus flower language

The flower language of the green thorn is-hard and prickly in appearance, quite sweet in heart-strong and resolute love-the argot of the warm green thorn is-unattainable love, and the flower language of the green thorn is secretly forbearing.

Edit the appearance characteristics of Spinibarbus barbatus in this section.

biographical notes

Primitive spiny plants have leaves.

They were originally distributed in less arid areas, and their shapes are not much different from those of ordinary plants.

Don't.

Just because of the vicissitudes of life, the originally humid areas have become more and more dry. In order to adapt to the environment and survive, the shape has changed. Normal flat leaves gradually degenerate into cylinders, then become scales, and finally disappear completely.

Today, there are some primitive green spiny beetles in some less arid areas of Central America.

Among them, Acanthopanax, Monopterus and Lepidoptera in Julia have normal flat leaves, but their size and meat quality have changed.

Julia's acanthopanax leaves are large and thin, and basically have no meat.

In the south of China, Julia Spinibarbus [also known as Dendrocalamus latiflorus], the most common species of this genus, can often be seen climbing on the wall, but it is often mistaken for bougainvillea, a common flowering shrub in the south.

Julia Thorne's leaf length is 15cm.

There are also leaves in the species of Lepidoptera, Lepidoptera, Lepidoptera pseudoJulia, but they have degenerated into cylinders, and most of them only grow in the tender part of the stem and fall off quickly.

Of course, according to different species and different habitat conditions, the size, shape and life span of these single leaves are very different.

The conical leaves of Mai Huna are only 0.4-0.7 cm long, while the cylindrical leaves of drill cactus are 12 cm long, and each leaf can exist for 3-4 years, so it always exists in the upper part of its stem.

Except for the green thorn plants with leaves mentioned above, other green thorn plants have no leaves, but evidence that leaves once existed can still be found.

Some experts pointed out that the base of green thorn is actually developed from axillary buds.

Some experts also pointed out that many kinds of green thorns are similar to the leaf base of normal leaves.

prevent

The characteristics of the stems of the original type of green thorn with normal flat leaves are also different from those of most species.

Some are liana shrubs, and the epidermis of the stems is usually not green, except for the tender parts, most of them are lignified.

Some kinds of stems, such as ordinary trees, are tall and highly lignified, such as Julia Thorne in Bahia and Moon Desert. Their main stems are 8-9 meters high.

The stems of species with cylindrical leaves are usually unsegmented. For example, the general's stem is 2 meters high, and only one section is upward, while many species of the same genus have flat jointed stems.

Although the pig's ear palm (opuntia brasilnsis) has a flat jointed stem, its lignified main stem is very high, and the flat jointed stem is just a twig.

However, the woody stems of cactus species with inconspicuous cylindrical leaves does not exist or is inconspicuous.

Those species without leaves, because of their photosynthetic function, are mainly borne by stems, so under normal circumstances, the stems are green and will not be lignified.

Morphologically, it can be said that no family of plants is as varied as cactus: some are flat as mirrors, some are lampstands and organs, some are overlapping mountains, and some are slender as snakes.

Most of them are spherical or nearly spherical, which is the result of long-term adaptation to the arid environment. Because of the same body toxicity, it can dispel blood stasis and reduce swelling, strengthen stomach, relieve pain and cough.

It can also be used for gastric and duodenal ulcer, acute dysentery and cough; Topical treatment of parotitis, mastitis, carbuncle and furuncle, snake bite, burns and scalds has special effects.

Price: 3~ 10000 yuan per plant.

However, the sting contains poisonous juice, which easily causes allergic symptoms such as redness, pain and itching after being stabbed.

But there are no side effects.

There are about 220 micrograms of vitamin A, 16 milligrams of vitamin C,10.6 grams of protein and 2.7 milligrams of iron per 100g of edible green thorn, which can generate 25 -30 kilocalories.

In recent years, many countries began to treat arteriosclerosis, diabetes and obesity with green thorn, and achieved good results! It is said that this is mainly because the vitamins contained in pepper can inhibit the absorption of fat and cholesterol and slow down the intake of glucose.

Edible cactus is rich in nutrition, contains a lot of vitamins and minerals, and has the functions of lowering blood sugar, blood lipid and blood pressure. The tender stems of edible Zanthoxylum bungeanum can be eaten as vegetables, and the fruit is sweet. Old stems can also be processed into health care products and medicines with the functions of reducing blood fat and cholesterol.

Cakes, snacks and dishes in Mexico are well known. They are cooked with the flowers of local Celosiaceae plants.

There are many kinds of Celosidae plants, among which there are stingers. If it is planted artificially, it can be bought from the supermarket, and it is edible.

It is said that there are 65,438+0,065,438+0 kinds of green pepper in Mexico, such as steaming, frying, roasting or seasoning cold salad.

Among them, spicy fried green pepper, egg fried green pepper and green pepper salad are the most famous.

People eat the tender stems of green thorns and cook with the leaves of green thorns. Generally, after peeling the thorns, they cook them, slice them, oil them and add seasonings to make cold dishes. If you do stir-fry, you don't have to cook it, just cut it and cook it.