Where is the Qinling Mountains?

Qinling Mountains (English name Tsinling Mountains, also known as Ch'in Ling or Qinling Mountains). East-west mountain range across central China. It starts from southern Gansu in the west and passes through southwestern Shaanxi to western Henan. The main body is located at the junction of southern Shaanxi Province and northern Sichuan Province, with an east-west trend and a length of about 1.500 km. It is the watershed between Weihe River, a tributary of the Yellow River, and Jialing River and Hanshui River, a tributary of the Yangtze River. Qinling-Huaihe River is the most important north-south dividing line in China. Qinling Mountain is also regarded as the Long Mai of Chinese civilization; There are also many people who take "Qinling" as their name or stage name.

Qinling scenery

The Qinling Mountains span the central part of China, with a length of 1.500km from east to west, a width of1.000km from north to south, and an altitude of1.500-2,500m. Qinling Mountain is an important watershed between the Yellow River system and the Yangtze River system, with fertile Guanzhong Plain in the north and narrow Hanshui Valley in the south. [1] Taibai Mountain, the main peak of Qinling Mountains, is 3767 meters above sea level, which is one of the few peaks in eastern China with a height of more than 3 thousand meters. The top of the mountain has a cold climate and is often covered with snow. Silver peaks can be seen hundreds of miles away when the weather is clear. There are traces of ancient glaciers on the top of the mountain. The northern foot of the Qinling Mountains is adjacent to the Weihe Plain, and there is a big fault between them, which is a fault block structure with a north dip and a south dip. The main ridge is located on the north side, the north slope is steep and short, and the south slope is slow and long. The water system is also asymmetrical. There are many valleys in the mountain, which is a north-south traffic tunnel. Baoji-chengdu railway passes through the mountains in the Jialing River basin. Qinling Mountain has obvious blocking effect on airflow operation. Summer makes it difficult for humid marine air to penetrate into the northwest, making the climate in the north dry; In winter, the cold wave is prevented from invading southward, which makes Hanzhong basin and Sichuan basin less affected by cold air. Therefore, Qinling Mountain becomes the dividing line between subtropical zone and warm temperate zone. The rivers south of Qinling Mountains are not frozen, the vegetation is mainly evergreen broad-leaved forest, and the soil is acidic. To the north of Qinling Mountains is the famous Loess Plateau. The average temperature in 65438+ 10 is below 0℃, the rivers are frozen, the plants are mainly deciduous broad-leaved trees, and the soil is rich in calcium. The Qinling Mountains and Bailong River basins still preserve continuous forests and precious animals and plants. Foping is one of the producing areas of giant pandas. Walnut in Shangluo area and Angelica sinensis in Minxian county are famous for their high yield and high quality.

Definition of Qinling Mountains

The Qinling Mountains in a broad sense is a huge east-west mountain range across the central part of China, starting from Baishi Mountain in the north of Lintan County in Gansu Province in the west and bounded by Dieshan Mountain and Kunlun Mountain. Enter Shaanxi eastward through McKee in the south of Tianshui. At the junction of Shaanxi and Henan, it is divided into three branches, the northern branch is Xiaoshan, and the remaining veins extend eastward along the south bank of the Yellow River, commonly known as Mangshan; The middle branch is Xiong 'er Mountain; The south branch is Funiu Mountain. A small part of the southern part of the mountain range extends from Shaanxi to Yunxian County, Hubei Province. The Qinling Mountains are 1600 km long and tens of kilometers to two or three hundred kilometers wide from north to south, covering a vast area. Taibai Mountain in Qinling Mountains

According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was the territory of Qin State and the highest mountain range in Qin State, hence the name Qinling. In a narrow sense, Qinling refers to the middle part of Qinling, which is located in the middle of Shaanxi Province. It was called "Qinling Mountain" in the Han Dynasty, and it was named "Nanshan" because it was located in the south of Guanzhong. The altitude is 2000 ~ 3000 meters. The fault in the north collapsed. The mountain is majestic, like a shadow wall. "Historical Records" said: "Qinling Mountain is a great obstacle in the world." Therefore, it is called "the danger of Kyushu". The Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi are distributed like the waist of bees, and there are several mountains on the east and west wings. The three branches of the west wing are Dasanling (2819m above sea level), Fengling (2000m above sea level) and Baizishan (2538m above sea level). East wing branches from north to south are Huashan (2154.9m above sea level), Mangling, Liu Ling and Xinkailing. Mountains and basins are staggered, and many rivers in deep mountains develop. The main parts of the middle Qinling Mountains are Taibai Mountain (3,767 meters above sea level), Aoshan Mountain (3,476 meters above sea level), shouyangshan (2,720 meters above sea level), Bingjingfeng (also known as Jingyunao, 30 15 meters above sea level), Zhong Nanshan (2,604 meters above sea level) and Caolianling (2,646 meters above sea level). Mountains have obvious blocking effect on the East Asian monsoon, which is the dividing line in climate, and also the dividing line between Weihe River, a tributary of the Yellow River, and Jialing River and Hanjiang River, a tributary of the Yangtze River.

The difference of environment in Qinling Mountains

There are obvious differences in natural landscapes between the northern and southern slopes of Qinling Mountains. The northern slope of the Yellow River Basin is a warm temperate mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest. Due to the long-term agricultural development, most of them are secondary forests. The flora and animal species in Qinling Mountain area are obviously transitional, mixed and complex. Wild animals include giant panda, golden monkey, pronghorn and other precious species, and birds include national first-class protected animals such as crested ibis and black stork. There are now national Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve and Foping Nature Reserve in Qinling Mountains. Among them, giant panda, golden monkey, pronghorn and crested ibis are also called "Four Treasures of Qinling Mountains". The cultural landscapes in the north and south of Qinling Mountains also have their own characteristics. The Guanzhong Plain in the north is called "Qinchuan in 800 Li" in history. Since the Neolithic Age, human farming and settlement have appeared, and it is a famous gathering place of cultural relics and historic sites in China. To the south of the Qinling Mountains is the Sichuan Basin, a land of abundance thousands of miles away, in which Qionglai Mountains and Chengdu Plain are the birthplaces of Shu and Han civilizations. According to the archaeological discoveries of Sanxingdui in Guanghan and Jinsha Site in Chengdu, as early as 3,000 years ago in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the ancestors of Shu mastered very advanced bronze smelting and jade processing technology, which is a wonderful work in the history of ancient Chinese civilization. The deep valley in the north-south direction has been a north-south traffic tunnel since ancient times, among which the famous ones are Chencang Road, Ziwu Road from Xi 'an to Ningshan, Baoxie Road near the water, Luo Luo Lu Road and Zhouyang Road. There are many cultural relics and historical stories on the northern slope of Qinling Mountains and the southern edge of Guanzhong Plain. There are Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and many imperial mausoleums, Zhou Fenghao Site, Qin Epang Palace Site, Louguantai, Zhangliangmu and Cailun Tomb. Zhong Nanshan, located more than 40 kilometers south of Xi, has beautiful scenery since ancient times. There is a poem in The Book of Songs Qin Feng: "There is nothing in the south, but a plum blossom". In the Tang Dynasty, officials and gentlemen built villas here, of which Wangchuan Villa of Wang Wei was the most famous. Most of Wang Wei's beautiful landscape poems describe the scenery here. In the Tang Dynasty poet Zuyong wrote in "Seeing the Snow Peak in the South": "Looking at the South, the clouds are white, the snow line is warm, and the small town in the valley is getting cold." There are also beautiful peaks such as Cuihua Mountain, Nanwutai Mountain and Lishan Mountain nearby. There are more than 40 large and small temples, such as Taiyi Palace and Laojun 'an, which have been built since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a good place to visit Guanzhong for summer vacation. There are Maijishan Grottoes in the west of Qinling Mountains, and the cliffs stand like wheat. Since the late Qin Dynasty, there have been 194 caves, more than 7,000 Buddha statues and 1300 square meters murals, which are a treasure house of ancient sculpture art. In the alpine forest of Qinling Mountains, there are countless gazelles, impala, wild boar, black bear, forest musk deer, muntjac, hedgehog, bamboo rat, squirrel and so on. With so many herbivores, I believe no carnivore will worry about the food here. Therefore, based on the identification of leopards, clouded leopards, jackals, yellow-throated minks, leopard cats and other carnivores, zoologists have never given up hope of finding South China tigers in Qinling Mountains. Animals are still like this, planting Qinling Mountain Road.

Not to mention things. As the ancients said, there is no idle grass on Taibai Mountain. The plants in Qinling Mountains are not only diverse, but also unique. Qinling Mountain has such unique biological resources. What is the reason? This should start with the unique geographical location and distinctive features of Qinling Mountains. In the middle of Chinese territory, Qinling Mountain is the highest mountain range to the east and the only east-west mountain range. In the eyes of geographers, the Qinling Mountains are the dividing line between the north and the south, and the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. In the eyes of zoologists, Qinling divides the fauna into Palaearctic realm and Oriental realm, where two completely different animals meet and merge; In the eyes of climatologists, Qinling Mountain is a transitional zone between the north subtropical zone and the warm temperate zone. In the eyes of writers, Qinling Mountain and Yellow River are both called the father mountain and mother river of the Chinese nation, and Qinling Mountain is also regarded as the Long Mai of Chinese civilization ... In 2009, Shaanxi Province proposed the theme of Shaanxi tourism as "beautiful mountains and rivers, humanistic Shaanxi". The northern foot of the Qinling Mountains is the Weihe River, the largest first-class tributary of the Yellow River. To the south is the Hanjiang River, the largest first-class tributary of the Yangtze River. The largest first-class tributary of the two largest and most important rivers in China is surrounded by such a strange mountain range. More precisely, it is this vast and deep mountain range that breeds two rivers of great significance. Because of the climate barrier and water source nourishment in Qinling Mountains, there will be good weather in Qinchuan for 800 miles, and there will be peerless elegance in Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties. The most proud ancient civilization of the Chinese nation really benefited from such an unpretentious mountain range composed of huge granite blocks. Only in the 13th Dynasty did Chang 'an, the imperial capital, flourish. Beautiful Hanzhong, Ankang and Shangluo are all in Qinling Mountains.