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"Lanting Preface" is also known as "Lanting Banquet Collection Preface", "Lanting Collection Preface", "Linhe Preface", "Ye Preface" and "Ye Tie" calligraphy post. On March 3, 353 AD, Wang Xizhi, Xie An, Sun Chuo and other top military and political officials of the Jin Dynasty held a Lanting meeting in Kuaiji (Shaoxing), the largest metropolis, to discuss national affairs. Wang Xizhi wrote a manuscript preface to their poems. "Preface to Orchid Pavilion" describes the beauty of the landscape around Orchid Pavilion and the joy of the party, expressing the author's emotion that good times are short-lived and life and death are impermanent. The original copy of the Dharma calligraphy passed down from generation to generation has twenty-eight lines and three hundred and twenty-four words. It is perfect in composition, structure and writing style. It was his proud work in middle age.

Original text of the work

In the ninth year of Yonghe (1), I was in guǐ Chou. At the beginning of late spring (2), I met at the Orchid Pavilion of Hui (kuài) Ji (jī) (3) Shanyin. Repair (xì) ⑷ things. The talented people ⑸ have completed their studies, ⑹, the young (shào) long (zhǎng) ⑺ salty ⑻ have gathered together. Here there are high mountains and steep ridges, lush forests and bamboo trees, and clear and rapid streams (t Kuaiji Shaoxing uān). They are reflected to the left and right, leading to flowing water (shāng) and winding water, and they sit next to each other. Although it does not have the grandeur of silk and bamboo orchestral music, one drink and one chant is still enough to express the secret love.

It is a beautiful day, the sky is clear and the air is clear, and the wind is gentle and gentle. Looking up at the vastness of the universe and looking down at the prosperity (shèng) of categories, (21) traveling with eyes and eyes (chěng) (22) pregnant, it is enough to fully (23) audio-visual entertainment, and I believe (24) is happy.

Husband (fú) and others look down upon each other for the rest of their lives (25). Or take the embrace of Zhu (26) and understand the words (27) within a room; or because of the entrustment, let go of the wandering body (28). Although the interests (qǔ) are different (29), the tranquility (30) is different. When you are happy with what you encounter, you can temporarily (zàn) get it for yourself, and you will be satisfied quickly (31), and you don't know that old age is coming ( 32); when I feel tired (33), my feelings change with the situation (34), my emotion is (xì) (35). The admiration for (36) has become an old trace (37) while looking down, and I still have to be excited about it (38). The condition is shortened and changed (39), and the end (40) is over! The ancients said: "Death and life are equally important (41)." Isn't it painful?

Every time I look at the reasons for people's interest in the past, if they are united (42), it is not without the preface to the collection of Wen Shen Long Ben Lanting [1] Mourning (jiē dào) (43), indescribable (44) ) to Huai. It is known that one death and life is an illusion, and Qi Peng Shang (shāng) is an illusion (45). The future looks at the present, just as the present looks at the past, sad husband (fú)! Therefore, we list the people of the time (46) and record what they said (47). Although the world is different and things are different (48), it is interesting and consistent (49). Those who read it later (50) will also feel the grace (51).

Note: According to the latest high school Chinese compulsory course II textbook published by the People's Education Press, the word "qu" in the word "qu" (four tones) is pronounced qǔ

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1. Yonghe: The reign name of Emperor Sima Dan (Emperor Mu of Jin) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, from 345 AD to 356 AD to 12 years. On the Shangsi Festival in the ninth year of Yonghe, Wang Xizhi and 41 of the country's top military and political stars, including Xie An, Sun Chuo, and Zhi Dun, gathered in Lanting to hold a wedding ceremony, drink wine and compose poems. Afterwards, the work was compiled into a volume, with Wang Xizhi writing this preface. Summarize the matter.

2. Late spring: March of the lunar calendar. Twilight, night.

3. Hui [huì] Yu Hui [kuài] Ji: Hui: assembly. Kuaiji, the name of the county, is now Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Shanyin: Today's Yuecheng District, Shaoxing.

4. Repair (xì) things: (in order to do) the rites of evil. According to ancient custom, on Si Day in the early third month of the lunar calendar (it was designated as March 3rd after the Wei Dynasty), people gathered at the waterfront to play and wash in order to get rid of bad luck and seek blessings. In fact, this is a spring outing activity of the ancients.

5. Wise people: many wise men and capable people. Refers to Xie An and other thirty-two celebrities in society. Xian: an adjective is used as a noun in Lanting, Kuaiji.

6. Bi Zhi: all arrived. Bi: All, all.

7. Young and long: For example, Wang Ningzhi and Wang Huizhi, the sons of Wang Xizhi, are young; Xie An, Wang Xizhi, etc. are long

8. Xian: Du.

9. High mountains and steep mountains: high and steep mountains.

10. Xiuzhu: tall bamboo. Xiu: long, extended to high.

11. Turbulence: water with rapid flow.

12. Reflections around the pavilion: The reflections are dotted around the pavilion. Yingdai, setting off, surrounding.

13. Liushangqushui: A lacquered wine cup is used to hold wine, and it is placed into a curved waterway and allowed to drift. When the cup stops in front of someone, that person will drink from it. This is an ancient way of persuading people to drink for fun. Flow: Use usage. Qushui, the water is diverted into a loop to form a canal to flow the wine cup.

14. Sitting next to the row: sitting next to the curved water. Sit in rows, sit in rows. times, beside, by the water.

15. The prosperity of silk and bamboo orchestra: the grand occasion of playing music. Sheng, Huai Chan micro-engraved the "Preface to the Lanting Collection" [2] Sheng.

16. One drink and one chant: drink some wine and compose some poetry.

17. Youqing: deep and hidden feelings.

18. It’s the day: this day.

19. Hui Feng: Gentle wind. He Chang: Relaxation.

20. The prosperity of categories: the variety of all things. Category refers to all things in nature.

21. So: used.

22. Cheng: to make... run (use of verb)

23. Ji: to exhaust.

24. Faith: Reality.

25. The relationship between the lady and the wife lasts a lifetime: When people interact with each other, they will spend their lives very quickly. Husband, the particle that causes the following. To get along with each other, to get along with each other, to interact with each other. Pitching, pitching and pitching, represents the shortness of time.

26. Take Zhu: Obtain from...

27. Enlightenment: Have a frank conversation. "Book of Jin·Biography of Wang Xizhi" and "Complete Jinwen" are both called "Wuyan" ("wu" is connected with "meeting"), which refers to words of wonderful enlightenment that can be understood from the heart. Also Tong. Once said, talk to each other.

28. Because of your trust, you can live a wild and unrestrained life: just follow the things you like, trust your feelings, and live an unfettered and unfettered life. Cause, depend on, follow. Send, entrust. Entrusted, loved things. Unbridled, indulgent, unrestrained. Xingke, body, shape.

29. Different interests: everyone has his own hobbies. Qu means "trend", trend, orientation. Give up, give up. Thousands of different things.

30. Jing Cao: quiet and restless. Temporary: temporary, temporary.

31. Be contented: feel happy and satisfied. Ran: The appearance of...

32. (Once) I didn’t know that old age was coming: I didn’t know that aging was coming. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer": "He is a human being. He is so angry that he forgets to eat, and he is happy and forgets his worries. He does not know that he is approaching old age." Zeng: Actually.

33. Tired of what you like: tired of (for) the things you like or get. To, to, to arrive.

34. Feelings change as things change: Feelings change as things change. Relocation: Changes in the order of the Lanting collection.

35. Emotions: Emotions arise as time passes. tie, attach.

36. Xiang: past, before.

37. Old traces: old traces.

38. Be excited by it: it causes feelings in your heart. To, because. It refers to "to admire something... and think it is an old trace". Xing, occurs, causes.

39. The length of life is left to fate. Change, nature.

40. Period: to, and.

41. Life and death are also big things: Life and death is a big deal after all. The words come from "Zhuangzi·De Chong Fu". judgment sentence.

42. Deed: Talisman deed, a token of ancient times. Carve words on the talisman deed, cut it into two, and hold half of it each as a certificate.

43. Sighing and mourning when reading an article: Sighing and mourning when reading an ancient article. To face, to face.

44. Metaphor: understand.

45. I know that the idea of ??one death and life is an illusion, and Qi Pengshang (shāng) is an illusion: I originally knew that the statement that equates death and life is untrue, and the statement that equates long life with short life is untrue. It's a fabrication. Solid, originally, of course. One, regard... as the same; Qi, regard... as equal, both are used as verbs. False, false and absurd words. Sadness, a person who died as a minor. Wandering, making up, talking nonsense. Life and death, Qi Pengshang, are all Zhuangzi's opinions.

46. List the people at the time: Write down the people who were present at the meeting one by one.

47. Record what they said: Record the poems they wrote.

48. Even though times have changed, things have changed. Even though, even though.

49. The same thing: people’s thoughts and interests are the same.

50. Later viewers: readers of later generations.

51. Siwen: Poetry and Essays for this Gathering

Translation of the work

In the ninth year of Yonghe, it was the year of Guichou, at the beginning of the third month of the lunar calendar, (we) They gathered at the Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin, Kuaiji, and held a ritual to ward off bad luck. Many talented people gathered here, old and young. Lanting is a place with high peaks and tall and dense bamboo forests. There is also a clear and rapid stream (like a green belt) surrounding the pavilion. (We) lead (the clear stream and rapid rapids) as a curved water to flow into the cup, and we sit beside the curved water. Although there is no grand occasion of playing music, drinking a drink and chanting a poem are enough for people to express their deepest feelings. This day is bright and clear, and the spring breeze is warm and refreshing. Looking up, the sky is vast and boundless. Looking down, there are so many things on the ground. It is really a joy to expand your eyesight, open your mind, and enjoy the pleasure of sight and hearing!

When people interact with each other, they quickly pass their lives. Sometimes they talk freely about their interests and ambitions in the room; sometimes they express their feelings about the things they like, living freely and indulgently without restraint. Although everyone has their own hobbies, preferences are different, and tranquility and restlessness are different, (but) when they are happy with the things they come into contact with, they feel complacent, happy and contented for a while, and do not feel that old age is coming; when they wait (for ) have become tired of the things they love or get. Their feelings change as things change, and emotions arise. Things that you were happy about in the past become old relics in the blink of an eye, but you still can't help but arouse feelings in your heart. What's more, the length of your life span is left to fate, and will eventually end in death! The ancients said: "Death and life are a big thing." How can we not feel sad?

Whenever I see the reasons why the ancients lamented (about life and death), (it matches my sentiments) like a talisman, there is no one who can’t help feeling sad in front of their articles, (but) I can’t. Understand in the heart.

I already know that the statement that equates death with life is untrue, and the statement that equates long life with short life is a fabrication. Future generations will look at the present the same way we look at the past today. This is really sad! So I wrote down the people who gathered at that time one by one, and copied the poems and poems they wrote. Even though times have changed and things are different, the reasons why people are excited and emotional, and people's thoughts and interests are the same. Later generations of readers will also have poems and essays that express emotion about this gathering.

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The mountains and rivers in Kuaiji are quiet and beautiful. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, many celebrities lived here, talking about mysteries and Taoism, and being wild. On the third day of the third lunar month in the ninth year of Yonghe reign of Emperor Mu of the Jin Dynasty (353), Wang Xizhi, who "made his first trip to Zhejiang with the final intention of arriving in Zhejiang", held an elegant gathering at the Lanting Pavilion in Shanyin, Kuaiji (at the foot of Lanzhu Mountain outside Shaoxing today). There are forty-one famous scholars, including Situ Xie'an, Sun Chuo, a scholar of Fu, Xie Wan, a proud and proud man, Zhi Daolin, an eminent monk, and Wang Xizhi's sons Xianzhi, Ningzhi, Huanzhi, Xuanzhi and Huizhi.

March in the south of the Yangtze River is usually the rainy season with continuous drizzle, but this day was exceptionally sunny, with high mountains, lush forests and bamboos, gentle winds, clear streams and rapids, and a quiet and pleasant scenery. The main content of the Orchid Pavilion is "cultivating evil spirits", which is an ancient Chinese folk custom. On Si Day (Shang Si Day) in the first ten days of the third month of the lunar calendar, people go to the waterside to hold an exorcism ceremony. They dip fragrant grass in water and sprinkle it on their bodies, or take a bath to wash away dirt, feel the spring breeze, and pray for the elimination of diseases and bad luck.

Another project of Lanting Elegant Collection is the flowing wine glass. Forty-one celebrities sit on both sides of the winding stream, and then the book boy puts the wine glass into the stream. As it flows down the river, if the wine glass stops in front of someone, the person will have to compose a poem. If he cannot recite the poem, he will have to drink three glasses of wine as a penalty. At this Lanting gathering, eleven people each wrote two poems, fifteen people each wrote one poem, and sixteen people who failed to write a poem were each punished with three drinks of wine. Wang Xizhi's youngest son Wang Xianzhi was also punished with wine. Qing Dynasty poets once wrote limericks to make fun of Wang Xianzhi. "But I laughed at the order of the King of Black Clothes, but there were no poems at the Orchid Pavilion meeting."

Everyone gathered the poems and recommended the convener of this gathering. Wang Xizhi, a highly respected person, wrote a preface to record this elegant gathering, so Wang Xizhi took advantage of the wine to write 28 lines of 324 words on silkworm paper with a mouse-whisker pen on silkworm paper. "Preface to the Lanting Collection [1]".

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On March 3 of the ninth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (353), Wang Xizhi, Sun Chuo, Xie An, Zhi Dun and other 41 people gathered at Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin, Kuaiji, where you can enjoy and play by the water. They drank wine together, composed poems and talked about their love. Afterwards, all the poems were compiled into a volume, and Wang Xizhi wrote this preface.

"The Preface to the Lanting Collection[1]" describes a large gathering of talkers during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, expressing their communist will. The article integrates narrative, scene description, lyricism, and discussion. The writing style is full of ups and downs, with unique changes and vigilance, to meet the needs of expressing philosophical thinking. The full text can be divided into two parts. The first part is mainly about narrative and scene description, first describing the time and place of the gathering. Then it highlights the beautiful natural environment of Orchid Pavilion: winding mountains and clear streams; the wind is gentle and the sun is bright, the sky is clear and the air is clear. Looking up, you can see the infinity of the universe, and looking down, you can observe the prosperity of all kinds of things. Here it is enough to "wander the eyes and wander the mind" and "extreme audio-visual entertainment". You can observe and think freely to meet people's needs of sight, hearing and hearing. This is a perfect place for participants to "talk about their feelings" and have a great time. These descriptions are full of poetry and painting, and the author's emotions are calm and leisurely.

In the latter part, the writing style changes and becomes lyrical and argumentative. From admiring the beautiful scenery and drinking freely, it triggers emotions of joy and sorrow, life and death, and the author's mood suddenly changes from calm to agitated. He said: The happiness in life is extremely limited. When happiness is satisfied, you will feel uninterested. The past becomes history in the blink of an eye, and people will die at the end of their lives. From happiness to sorrow, from life to death, this is the philosophical thinking he had at this time. He believed that "death and rebirth are an illusion, and mourning is an illusion." He further explored the value and meaning of life, and developed a kind of thinking about cherishing time, being attached to life, and loving civilization. Since longevity and life and death are natural laws that cannot be controlled by humans, he inevitably reveals a sentimental mood in his article. But by the end of the article, the author's mood became calm again. He felt that personnel were changing and history was developing. From prosperity to decline, from birth to death, it was inevitable. It is precisely because life is impermanent and time waits for no one, so he wrote articles to pass down to future generations to inherit his predecessors and inspire others to come.

Looking at the whole article, this article describes the scenery of Lanting and the fun of Wang Xizhi and others gathering, and expresses the author's lament that great events do not come often and that "the shortcomings are modified and the end is over". [3] The author is sometimes happy and sad, extremely happy and sad, and the article also changes from calm to agitated, and then from agitated to calm according to the changes of his emotions, which is full of the beauty of ups and downs, cadences and ups and downs, so the "Preface to the Lanting Collection" [1] is It has become a masterpiece that has been passed down through the ages.

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"The Preface to the Lanting Collection" is written with splendid words and every word is precious. It is a popular and beautiful prose. Unconventional, elegant and elegant, it is refreshing whether it is a lyrical painting of a scene or a commentary on history.

Although the mentality is contradictory, on the whole, it is still positive. Especially in the atmosphere of the Eastern Jin Dynasty when talk of mystery was common, it was particularly valuable to propose that "death and rebirth are illusions, and Qi Peng's death is presumption." The greater achievement of "Preface to the Lanting Collection[1]" lies in its calligraphy art. The breath of the whole text is light, ethereal, free and natural; the brushwork is charming and elegant; the technique is both peaceful and strange, with varying sizes. It shows careful arrangement of artistic craftsmanship without any trace of artificiality and carving, and is natural. Among them, all the same characters are written in different ways, such as "zhi", "yi", "wei" and other characters, each with its own changes, especially the word "zhi", which achieves the effect of artistic diversity and unity. "Preface to the Lanting Collection[1]" is Wang Xizhi's masterpiece of calligraphy art and a peak in the history of Chinese calligraphy art. It has nourished generations of calligraphers.

Emotions are used as clues in structure and organization, there is emotion in the narrative, and emotion is used to reason. In the first paragraph, the word "joy" is emphasized in a beautiful state. From joy to meditation, it leads to the word "pain" in the second paragraph. After some painful thinking, I feel infinite sadness. , and finally ends with the word "sorrow". The emotional colors are completely different, but the transition from front to back is appropriate and natural.

The author wrote this article with exquisite calligraphy. The original work is said to have been placed in his tomb by Li Shimin, but from the Tang Dynasty copies, his spirit of "dragon leaping and tiger lying" can still be seen. "Ye Tie" is known as "the best running script in the world". Dong Qichang's "Essays on Painting a Zen Room" said: "The writing is the best in ancient and modern times. Its characters are all reflected in the tape, whether large or small, and they are all included as they are. "Rule"

The facsimile (replica) of Feng Chengsu currently displayed in the Lanting Prince Youjun Temple, and the original is in the Palace Museum in Beijing. It has a small seal of "Shenlong" (the reign name of Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty) on it, and it is the original copy. An irrefutable proof of Tang Dynasty. The "Shenlong Edition" is the closest existing copy of Wang Xizhi's original work. Because of his careful copying, the lines are very lifelike. Not only is the ink color natural and dry, but also the sharpness of the strokes, the forks of the broken strokes, and the hairspring between strokes are also very realistic. From this, we can get a glimpse of Wang Xizhi's writing style. The slow movements, sudden setbacks, and twists and turns of the writing are exquisite.

"Preface to the Lanting Collection[1]" is a treasure recognized by the world. It has always been treasured in the Wang family and has been passed down to his seventh generation grandson Zhiyong. Zhiyong became a monk in Yongxin Temple in Shaoxing when he was young. As a monk, he studied Wang Xizhi's original works for more than thirty years. Before his death, Zhiyong passed the "Preface to the Lanting Collection[1]" to his disciple Bencai. Biancai was good at calligraphy and painting, and he cherished the "Preface to the Lanting Collection" very much. He hid it secretly on the beam of the pavilion and never showed it to anyone. Later, he was deceived by Xiao Yi, the supervisor sent by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. After Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty obtained the "Preface to the Lanting Collection[1]", he felt as if he had found a treasure. He also ordered calligraphers such as Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang and others to write it. The calligraphers of Hongwen Hall, headed by Feng Chengsu, were also ordered to copy the original double-hook outline into several copies and distribute them to the prince and his ministers. After the death of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, the courtiers followed his edict and buried the original "Preface to the Lanting Collection[1]" as a burial object in Zhaoling.

On the third day of March in the ninth year of Yonghe (AD 353) of Emperor Mu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (Sima Dan), Wang Xizhi and forty-one people including Sun Chuo, Xie An and Shi Zhidun, who were famous at that time, went out for evil events. , held a banquet at Lanting. Everyone who attended the meeting had poems, and these poems were later compiled into a collection. "Preface to the Lanting Collection[1]" is the preface written by Wang Xizhi for this collection of poems. Preface, a literary name, is a text that outlines books and articles and discusses their main themes, which is equivalent to an introduction.

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This article is a book preface. The article prefaces the story of repairing the wedge in the Orchid Pavilion. Because of the bad luck, "all the virtuous people came together", which actually explains the reason for writing the poem; the use of "one cup and one chant is enough to describe the quiet feelings" describes the scene when the poem was written and pointed out the purpose of the poem. "Lanting Collection" is a collection of poems about banquets, with many authors, and the poems are impromptu works. It ends with "The story is narrated by people at that time, and their descriptions are recorded" to explain the process of writing the book, and it is also ended with "Those who read it later will also "You will be impressed by the gentleness" points out the significance of this book. At the same time, the author is good at borrowing topics and talking about his view of life and death from an ordinary banquet event, and used this to criticize the ideological tendency of advocating nothingness among the scholar-bureaucrats at that time, making the whole article extraordinary in conception.

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The article first describes the time, place and participants of the meeting, concisely and comprehensively. Then describe the natural environment and surrounding scenery where Lanting is located, using simple and well-organized language. To describe the scenery, start from the big picture, from far to near, then from near to far, and push to infinity. First, he writes about the high mountains and ridges, then gradually he writes about the clear and turbulent water, and then he goes down the river to transcribe the characters' activities and their moods, combining movement and stillness. Then he adds natural features, starting from the clear blue sky and the gentle spring breeze, and naturally pushing towards the vast universe and all things in the world. The artistic conception is clear and elegant, and the mood is cheerful and smooth. The Lanting banquet can really be said to be "all four beauties, two difficult to combine".

But there is no banquet in the world that lasts forever. Where there is gathering, there must be parting. The so-called "happy and sad come to an end" should be people's common mood, although people have different choices and different temperaments. Just now, I felt extremely happy about what I longed for and finally obtained, but in an instant, it was already a thing of the past. Human life is no exception. The so-called "I don't know that old age is coming" (Confucius's words), "Old people are approaching slowly" (Qu Yuan's words), "In the world of life, one is dying as if the dust is flying" ("Nineteen Ancient Poems") ), this cannot help but arouse people's emotions. Whenever we think of the fact that human life, no matter how long it is, will eventually perish, it makes people feel even more desolate and sad. If the previous paragraph is about narrative and scene description, then this paragraph is about discussion and lyricism.

The author expresses his longing and persistent enthusiasm for life in his lament that life is short and life is fleeting.

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, metaphysics talks were popular for a while, and gentry literati mostly used Zhuangzi's "Equality of Things" as a pretext, pretending to be open-minded and disdainful of meritorious deeds. Wang Xizhi was also a eloquent literati, but in terms of political thought and life ideals, Wang Xizhi was different from other literati. He once said: "False talk is a waste of work, and idle writing hinders important matters" (Shishuo Xinyu·Yu Chapter). In this preface, Wang Xizhi also clearly denounced "Yi Sheng Sheng" and "Qi Peng Shang" as a This false outlook on life clearly affirms the value of life.

This article has a fresh, simple and non-embellished style. The language is fluent, clear and moving, which is completely different from the works of the Wei and Jin Dynasties that modeled mountains and rivers, "Li picked out hundreds of words, and competed for the price of one sentence" ("Wen Xin Diao Long·Ming Poems"). The sentence pattern is neat and varied, mainly short sentences, with occasional sentences in the prose. The rhythm is harmonious and pleasant to the ears.

In short, this article reflects Wang Xizhi’s positive outlook on life, which is in sharp contrast to the inaction advocated by Lao-Zhuang’s theory. To inspire and think for future generations.

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Wang Xizhi (303-361) was a Han nationality, named Yishao, named Danzhai. He was more than seven feet long (1.83 meters) and was originally from Langya. Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong Province), later moved to Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), where he rose to the rank of general of the Youjun Army, and was known as "Wang Youjun" in the world. Hui (kuài) Ji (jì) Neishi was a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was revered as the "Sage of Calligraphy" by later generations. His calligraphy was called "the best running script in the world". His son Wang Xianzhi was also good at calligraphy. People called them "two kings". Another son Wang Ningzhi was promoted to General Zuo. Because Wang Xizhi once served as the general of the Youjun Army, he was known as "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Kuaiji" in the world. Representative works include: "Le Yi Lun" in regular script, "Huang Ting Jing", "Seventeen Tie" in cursive script, "Aunt Tie" in running script, "Kuai Xue Shi Qing Tie" in running script, "Sang Luan Tie", "Preface to the Lanting Collection [1]" in running script, etc. . Wang was also good at Li, Cao, Kai, Xing and other styles. He studied the style carefully, imitated it with his heart and hands, picked up the strengths of others, prepared all kinds of styles, and cultivated them in one furnace. He got rid of the writing style of Han and Wei Dynasties, became his own style, had far-reaching influence, and created He was praised as the "Sage of Calligraphy" by later generations for his running script of "Natural Nature, Rich Gods and Encyclopedia". Among them, the "Preface to the Lanting Collection[1]" written by Wang Xizhi is admired by calligraphers of all ages and is called "the best running script in the world". His calligraphy is known as "floating like floating clouds, as powerful as a frightening dragon", "iron calligraphy with silver hooks, unparalleled in ancient and modern times", "dragon leaping over the Tianmen, tiger sleeping in the Phoenix Pavilion". Wang Xizhi has great attainments in real calligraphy, cursive and running calligraphy. Very deep. Wang Xizhi is also a master in poetry writing. Parallel prose was popular in the literary world of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Wang Xizhi was one of the few writers who still wrote in prose and used prose to control parallel prose. The style of his writing is fresh, not rhetorical but affectionate. Wang Xizhi's idioms include "white goose for book" and "a quick son-in-law in the east bed".

Wang Xizhi of the Jin Dynasty is known as the "Sage of Calligraphy". His regular script, Xing script, Cao script, Li script, Bafen script, Fei Bai script and Zhang Cao script all entered a magical realm, making him a famous figure worshiped by later generations and a model for learning.

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Write the grand occasion of the Lanting gathering to highlight the "joy" of life.

The first paragraph of the article writes more specifically about the grand occasion of the Lanting Gathering. There are six sentences in this paragraph. The first sentence describes the time, place and purpose of the gathering, the second sentence describes the people attending the meeting, the third sentence describes the elegant environment of Lanting, the fourth sentence describes the activities of people at the event, and the fifth sentence describes Qinghe The sixth sentence expresses emotion about the weather. Obviously, some of the six sentences are routine and necessary explanations, some are about the beauty of nature, and some are about the "grand occasion" of the gathering. Under the clear sky, the celebrities felt the warm spring breeze, looked far away, up close, looked up, and looked down. They drank water, drank wine, wrote poems, and talked about their love. How painful it was! Rejoice! Delight! And "looking up at the vastness of the universe and looking down at the prosperity of categories", its function is to "wander the eyes and wander the mind" and "extreme audio-visual entertainment". While expressing the joy of life, it also shows a broad-minded state of mind.

This paragraph begins with describing a grand event and ends with expressing emotions; in the name of doing "cultivation", the reality is to practice happiness.

Write the similarities and differences between the quiet and the restless to highlight the "pain" of death.

The second paragraph of the article describes two types of people, one is a person who likes "quietness" and the other is a person who likes "noisy". The former "takes the arms of others and talks to each other in the same room", while the latter "leaves his life outside because of the trust he has placed in his heart". There is a big difference in character and even behavior. However, there are striking similarities between the two: "When he is happy with what he encounters, he gets what he has for the time being, and he is self-satisfied quickly, and he never knows that old age is coming; when he is tired of what he is doing, his emotions change with things, and he sighs with emotion. "When you are happy, you are so carried away that you don't feel that you are aging quietly. When you get tired of the happy things, you will naturally feel sad." What are the emotions? There are two: one is "what I appreciate, it has become a thing of the past"; the other is "prune the short and change it, and it will eventually end." It tells us three points: first, things come into existence and then perish, and when there is happiness, there is sadness; second, when things go from birth to death, from happiness to sadness, the time is very short, just like the passing of a white horse. Thirdly, the existence and destruction of the length of life cannot be controlled subjectively. It depends on the creation of nature. From this point of view, life is so precious! Because of this, the author quoted the ancient saying "Death and life are also big things"; because of this, the author sighed: "Isn't it painful!"

The article was written to criticize the nihilistic ideas of celebrities.

The Eastern Jin Dynasty was an era of celebrities and celebrities. They admire Laozi and Zhuangzi, talk about mystical theories, are not practical, have nihilistic thoughts, love the mountains and rivers, and smile proudly in the mountains and fields. Their thoughts are negative and their actions are inactive, just like duckweeds in the sea, rippling with the waves and drifting wherever they go. Of course, it doesn’t matter if you die, you die, because death is life and life is death. In this regard, the author made a tactful criticism.

Life and death are two different things and cannot be equated. There are all kinds of lives, some people live cowardly, and some people live contentedly; there are also all kinds of deaths, some people die in obscurity, and some people die with great vigor. Sima Qian said: "Everyone is born with death, which may be heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather." Zang Kejia said: "Some people are dead, but they are still alive; some people are alive, but they are already dead." Mao Zedong said: "Life is Greatness, glory of death.” How can life and death be equated? As the author said: "I know that life after death is an illusion, and the death of Qi Peng is an illusion." The author writes this to show that he attaches great importance to the issue of life and death. He wants to use it to Inspire those so-called celebrities who are confused in their thinking not to let life pass away quietly from their side easily.

The article uses the viewpoint that "life and death are no big deal" to warn "those who watch later".

To sum up, the article narrates the grand occasion of Lanting Gathering, expounds the view that "life and death are equally important", and criticizes the nihilistic ideas of scholar-bureaucrats. It is obviously written with emotion and emotion. hair. However, as a "preface" to a collection of essays, in addition to criticizing the nihilistic ideas of scholar-bureaucrats, it is also necessary to explain the purpose of the collection. Those who attended the Lanting gathering were celebrities in society at that time, such as Xie An, Sun Chuo and others. As mentioned above, they sip water, drink wine, compose poems, and talk about their love affairs. How painful it is! Rejoice! Delight! However, "the admiration and admiration for it have become obsolete". In this regard, the author thinks "it's not painful"! Therefore, by collecting their poems, we will not destroy them, but let them be famous for centuries, so that "those who read them later will also feel the elegance of the text", and like the author, he has developed the idea that "death and life are both important". Feeling. Why is this happening? Because "Although things are different in the world, the emotions are the same" and because "the future looks at the present, just as the present looks at the past." This can't but make people sigh at what a kind heart the author has!

Edit the emotions of this section of the work

The first to second natural paragraphs describe the time, place, cause, and people of the gathering. The surrounding environment and scenes are introduced from "there are high mountains here" The narrative is finally led by "This is the day" to describe the mood of the tourists and express the mood of the gathering. The author's description of the banquet environment in the first and second paragraphs of this article is simple and elegant, capturing its charm, clear sky, and gentle breeze. These all show the author's happy mood and love for natural beauty.

The third natural paragraph, from the Lanting Gathering, reminds us of the way people get along with each other today. Even though people have different ways of doing things and have different calmness and restlessness, it reminds them of the source of life's worries. First of all, it comes from the insatiable inner desire of the body of life. "Being happy with what you encounter" will make you "happy and self-sufficient", and "being tired of what you are doing" and "feeling satisfied with it". Secondly, the flow from the external world is uncertain and difficult to rely on, that is, "the things you admire and admire have become obsolete". The third reason comes from the short and limited life of an individual, that is, "it is shortened and changed, and it will eventually end." Finally, he concluded with "Death and life are big things, so wouldn't it be painful?" In the third natural paragraph, although the author laments the fleeting time and the short life, there is an implicit attachment and love for life between the lines. It is precisely because the author has a clear understanding of the worries in life that he can exploit his strengths and avoid weaknesses and create unlimited value in a limited life.

The fourth natural paragraph: The experience of "Ruoheyiyi" when reading the "Xinggan" works of the ancients shows that the ancients also had feelings about life and death; then it turns to the in-depth description of life and world affairs, criticizing the current scholar-bureaucrats' " "One death and life is an illusion, Qi Peng's death is an illusion", which shows Wang Xizhi's persistent efforts to resist the illusion of life, and then he sighs "Looking at the present from the future, it is also sad to look at the past from the present." This shows that the author has a deep understanding of life. The keen and profound feelings include a special love and persistence for life. Then the author explained the reasons for the creation of "Lanting Collection", "Those who read it later will also feel the elegance" and summarized the full text. In the fourth natural paragraph, while describing the lamentations of the ancients, present and future generations about the impermanence of life, the author also criticized Zhuang Zhou's nihilism of "life and death" and "Qi Peng Shang", which should of course be regarded as positive.

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