Gold and bronze immortals can be divided into three layers, meaning respectively.

In August of the first year of Qinglong in Wei Mingdi, Jin Tongxian advised the Han Dynasty. In August, he ordered officials in the palace to drive a carriage and take Pan Xianxian away from Han Xiaowu in the west, hoping to reach Qian Dian. The immortal burst into tears when the imperial secretary dismantled the dish. Li Changji, the grandson of the emperor in the Tang Dynasty, wrote "Golden Tongxian Song" (1). Maoling Liu Lang autumn wind guest ②, night smell Xiao without trace ③. The painted osmanthus tree hangs autumn fragrance ④, and the soil flowers in the thirty-six palaces are green ⑤. Wei Guan led a car thousands of miles [6], and Dongguan acid wind shot at his eyes [7]. Empty will Han Yue out of the palace, recalling your tears like lead water. Declining orchid to see off guests in Xianyang Road (9), if the sky is old. The lonely moon is bleak, and there is a whisper in the distance of the Acropolis. [1] Edit the translation of this paragraph. Note (1) The first year of Qinglong: The old book was written for another nine years, but Wei Qinglong didn't have nine years, which was obviously wrong. The first year is also inconsistent with history. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Wei and Ming Di Ji, in 237 AD (the fifth year of Wei Qinglong), the lunar calendar was changed to the first year of Jingchu, and it was also in this year that Tongren moved to Chang 'an. Immortal holds a dew plate: Wang Qi quotes "Three Auxiliary Huang Tu": "The Shen Mingtai built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has a dew plate on it, and a copper cactus holds a copper plate and a jade cup to bear the dew of Yun Biao, and presents it with jade scraps to become immortal." Tears: The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Wei and Ming Di quoted from Hanshu Chunqiu: "The emperor moved the plate and the plate was dismantled. After hearing dozens of miles, Di Chin (Bronze Man) cried because he stayed in the city. " ⑵ Mausoleum: The mausoleum of Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, located in the northeast of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province. Qiu: A person who still talks about autumn sadly. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once wrote Autumn Wind, and there is a saying: "There are many joys and sorrows. When will you be young? " (3) Night news sentence: According to legend, the soul of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went in and out of the Han Palace, and someone once heard his mount neighing at night. (4) osmanthus trees hang autumn fragrance: August scenery. 5] Thirty-six palaces: Zhang Heng's "Xijing Fu": "Thirty-six separate palaces." Soil flower: moss. [6] A thousand miles: It's a long way from Han An Palace in Chang 'an to Wei Palace in Luoyang. (7) Dongguan: The bus left the East Gate of Chang 'an, so I went to Guan Yundong. Sour wind: a wind that makes people sad and cry. ⑻ Han Moon: the bright moon in Han Dynasty [2]. Jun: It refers to the monarch of the Han Dynasty, especially the emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty. (9) Declining orchid bid farewell to Fujian: Qiu Lan is so old that it is called declining orchid. The guest refers to the bronze man. If the sky is a sentence, it means that in the face of such changes, if the sky is affectionate, it will also age because of frequent sadness. ⑾ Weicheng: Xianyang, Qin Dou, changed from Han to Weicheng County, and now refers to Chang 'an. [3] Liu Che, who has been dead for many years, often rode in and out of the Han Palace, coming and going at night and disappearing in the morning. The Han Palace has always been desolate and decadent. Although there is sweet-scented osmanthus in autumn, no one appreciates it, and the moss in the thirty-six palaces is everywhere. Wei Guan pulled a rickshaw to Luoyang thousands of miles away, and the wind at the east gate of Chang 'an was very strong, hitting the bronze man in the eye. Tong Ren and Mingyue accompanied him out of the Han Palace, when the Tong Ren shed tears. There are only withered orchids on Chang 'an Road. If the sky has feelings, it will also age. In the desolate moonlight, the bronze man came out alone with a plate, Chang 'an gradually drifted away, and the waves of Weishui became smaller and smaller. [4] Editor's Appreciation of this passage According to Zhu Ziqing's Chronicle of Li He, this poem was written in 8 13 AD (the eighth year of Tang Yuanhe). Li He resigned from Li Lang due to illness and left Beijing for Los Angeles. At that time, the poet "had mixed feelings, pretended to be wrong, and worried about the golden bronze fairy ear." The "tears" of the golden copper fairy in the poem mainly express the sorrow of national subjugation. This poem was written more than 90 years before the demise of the Tang Dynasty (907). The reason why poets feel the rise and fall should be understood and appreciated in connection with the social situation and the poet's situation at that time. Since the An Shi Rebellion broke out in Tianbao (742-756), the Tang Dynasty has never recovered. Although Xian Zong is known as the "Lord of ZTE", in fact, during his reign, the rebellion in the buffer region broke out one after another, and the northwest border was repeatedly hit, and the country was ruined and the people were miserable. The aristocratic family of "the prince and grandson of the Tang Dynasty" written by the poet has long since declined. Faced with this harsh reality, the poet's mood is not calm. He is eager to establish his own political achievements, revive the national prestige, and at the same time, he must shine the lintel and restore the status of the imperial clan. I didn't expect to hit a wall everywhere after entering Beijing, and there was no hope of being an official. Unable to serve the country, I finally had to leave in anger. It is such a solemn feeling interwoven with the pain of home and country and the sadness of life experience that is expressed in the Song of the Golden Copper Immortal Han Dynasty. Twelve poems can be roughly divided into three parts. The first four sentences lament that youth is fleeting and life is hard to last. On the same day, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made an alchemy and lived forever. The result is still like falling leaves in the autumn wind, leaving only Maoling wasteland. Although he was so majestic when he was alive, he was a generation of arrogance. However, in the endless history, he is just an accidental bubble. In the poem, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is called "Liulang", which shows Li He's unruly character and valuable spirit of not being bound by feudal hierarchy. The whole poem is divided into three levels. The first four sentences are the first level. With the "impression" of the immortals, I lament that youth is fleeting and life is short. Things have changed. In the poem, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is called "Liu Lang" and "Ke", which shows Li He's uninhibited character and spirit of not being bound by feudal hierarchy. The fourth sentence is the second level, which uses anthropomorphic methods to write the sour, bitter and sad mood, the pain of national subjugation and the sadness of migration when Jin Tongxian first left the Han Palace. In particular, the words "acid" and "pat" completely confuse subjective feelings with objective things and have extremely rich meanings. The last four sentences are the third level, writing the scene on the way back to the city. The sentence of "decline" not only describes form but also emotion, but mainly focuses on emotion ("decline" is due to sadness); The phrase "paradise is like a dream", dreamlike vision, distant artistic conception and deep feelings. Sima Guang called it "unique and unparalleled". At the end of the couplet, it further describes the feeling that the immortal of gold and copper can't bear to leave, can't bear to leave, and can't help but leave, which is touching. The sentence "Night Smell" is a connecting link between the preceding and the following, exaggerating that life is short and things are impermanent. It is a supplement to the previous sentence, which makes the image of "autumn travelers" more vivid and full, and also makes the necessary foreshadowing for the next sentence to show the sad environment. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was alive, there were chariots and horses inside and outside the palace. At this time, things have changed, and the tall osmanthus trees in the painting column are still full of flowers, elegant and fragrant, but the thirty-sixth palace is empty, with dark green moss everywhere, and that desolate and cold face is unbearable to look straight at. The above is the "impression" of Jin Tongxian. The Golden Copper Fairy was built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and stood on the platform of the gods. "Twenty feet high and ten feet wide" (Biography of Sanfu) is extremely magnificent. In 233 AD (the first year of Jingchu, Wei Mingdi), it was taken out of the Han Palace and shipped to Luoyang, but it was overweight and caused harm, so it stayed in Bacheng. Xi Chishao's "Han Shu Jin Shu Chun Qiu" says: "The emperor moved the plate and dismantled it. After hearing about it for dozens of miles, Di Chin (the bronze man) cried because he stayed in the city. " Li He deliberately removed the plot of "The Bronze Man was reunited and stayed in the city" ("The History of the Three Kingdoms, Introduction to Wei"), but played the magical legend of "Di Chin or Tears" and injected his thoughts and feelings into the Golden Bronze Man Immortal. In this way, things and people, history and reality will be integrated into one, thus turning into a beautiful and moving artistic realm. The middle four sentences use anthropomorphic techniques to write the sad mood of Jin Tongxian when he first left the Han Palace. The immortality of gold and copper is the "witness" of Liu Han Dynasty from prosperity to decline. The great changes that have taken place in front of him have already made him deeply moved and sad. And was forcibly expelled from the Han palace by Wei Guan. At this moment, feelings of ups and downs and feelings of parting come to mind. The sentence of "being an official" objectively sets off the feeling that Jin colleagues are reluctant to leave. It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan. Moving from Chang 'an to Luoyang, thousands of miles away, the pain of traveling far away and the sadness of living far away are really unbearable. The sentence "Dongguan" refers to the bad climate. At this time, the frost wind in Kanto was tight and straight, and not only the eyes were "sour", but also the heart was "sour". It contains the meaning of "peach blossom after the horse, snow before the horse, and you can't turn back when you go through customs", showing your deep attachment to Han Palace and Chang 'an. The words "acid" and "shoot" in the sentence are novel, ingenious and dignified. In particular, the word "acid" vividly shows the fierce, cold and tragic situation of the wind there at that time through the subjective feelings of the immortals of gold and copper. Here, subjective feelings and objective things have been completely mixed together, with extremely rich meanings. The poet sometimes imitates the appearance of the bronze man from the front, and sometimes puts pen to paper from the side to describe the scenery around the bronze man and paint them with a layer of sad tones. The interactive use of the two techniques makes the opening and closing of poetry turbulent and changeable, but it always revolves around a word "sorrow", with orderly patchwork, unified tone and distinct theme. The sentence "Wei Guan" focuses on describing the object, while the sentence "Empty General" rewrites the theme, directly expressing the thoughts and feelings of Jin Tongxian at that time in the first person: driven by Wei Guan, he left the Han Palace and made a thousand-mile trip. Accompanied by "I", it is only the old moon in the sky. It happened in the Three Kingdoms period, and called the moon "the Han Moon", expressing a feeling of nostalgia for the past. As Wang Qi explained in Li Changji's Poems, "Because of the revolution, everything has changed, but the moon remains the same, so it is called" the Han Moon ". The golden bronze immortal personally felt the caress of Emperor Wu and witnessed the prosperity of that day. He misses his late master very much and has deep feelings for the Forbidden City. Now, sitting in Wei Guanla's car, I am drifting away, and the familiar and desolate palace is about to disappear. I can't help crying when I think of the past. The phrase "tears are like lead water" in the sentence of "recalling the monarch" is a wonderful metaphor, which vividly describes the sadness of Jin Tongxian at that time-tears fell like rain and fell to the ground one after another. This expression of regretting the past and leaving is no different from that of people, and it is an expression of "humanity". The word "lead water" adapts to the identity of the bronze man and elegantly shows his "physical property". These ingenious expressions have successfully created a unique, peculiar and vivid artistic image of the Golden Copper Fairy, which is characterized by things and people, things and gods. Write the last four sentences about the scene on the way back to town. This trip coincided with the cold wind in the month, and the "Xianyang Road" outside the city, like the "Thirty-six Palace" in the city, presented a bleak and sad scene. At this time, only the "Declining Orchid" on the roadside was seen off, and the old acquaintances in the same trade were just the exposed dishes in their hands. The word "failure orchid" is written in form and emotion, but it is mainly based on emotion. Orchids wither, not only because of the cold autumn wind, but also because of sadness. Here, I set off the sadness of the golden bronze immortal with the sadness of the declining orchid, that is, the author's own sorrow. It is more graceful and novel than "twenty is not enough, and worry is like a withered orchid" in the song of mourning. The decline of orchids is caused by love. All sentient beings will grow old and wither. Don't look at the sunrise and the moon in the sky. The situation is always new and never changes. If it has feelings, it will still age. The sentence "If there is love in the sky, it will grow old" should be absurd, which Sima Guang called "absurd". Effectively set off the difficult situation and bitter feelings of Jin Tongxian (actually the author himself). The artistic conception is broad and lofty, and the feelings are persistent and deep. It's a famous sentence through the ages. Tail couplet further describes the feelings of Jin Tongxian's reluctance to leave and hurt. He was reluctant to leave, but he had to leave again. As time went on, he was getting farther and farther away from his old capital. At this time, looking at the bleak moonlight in the sky and listening to the increasingly small voice of Wei water flowing, I have an indescribable taste in my heart. The sentence "Acropolis" was written from the opposite side, and the figure of the bronze man gradually faded away with the "small sound of the waves". On the one hand, the waves are far, on the other hand, the road is long and blocked. With the help of the sound and form of things, Jin Tongxian's parting feelings are euphemistically and profoundly expressed, which is the mood of the poet when his career is hopeless and he is forced to leave Chang 'an. This poem is one of Li He's representative works. It is imaginative, but it is deeply touching; The image is vivid and changeable. Resentment is beyond words, but there is no glare. Words and sentences are strange and appropriate, combining rigidity with softness, hating and loving, uneven, orderly and dense. This is indeed a unique and beautiful poem. There are few similar works in Li He's collection. [ 1