Why do the Japanese in anti-Japanese dramas like to say "There are big

Why do the Japanese in the anti-Japanese drama like to say "big yes"?

From "Tunnel Warfare", "Landmine Warfare" to various Hengdian anti-Japanese dramas, the Japanese have spoken like this on Chinese screens for decades: "What's yours, what's the flower girl's, where's it?" "Yes?" In most cases, the traitors will understand the meaning of the Taijun without any problem: "Taijun, the flower girl here, there is a big one!"

(Original title: Anti-Japanese God) Why do the Japanese in the play like to say "big yes"?)

From the "September 18th Incident" in 1931 to the end in 1945, China's Anti-Japanese War lasted for 14 years. During these 14 years, the Japanese invasion not only brought visible disasters to China, but also had an impact on "invisible" areas such as culture and social customs. Language is one of them.

For example, from "Tunnel Warfare", "Landmine Warfare" to various Hengdian anti-Japanese dramas, the Japanese have spoken like this on Chinese screens for decades: "Yours, the flower girl's, Where are they? "In most cases, the traitors will understand the meaning of the Taijun without any problem: "Taijun, there are many beautiful girls here!"

The Japanese really follow this. Did the Chinese communicate?

This kind of strange Chinese that is common in movies and TV dramas is not without origin. During the Anti-Japanese War, communication between the Japanese and the Chinese largely relied on an intermediary language called Concordia.

The pronunciation of Chinese and Japanese is quite different, and the interoperability is extremely low. From the Japanese occupation of Northeast China in 1931 to the end of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, a large number of Japanese came to China and inevitably had to deal with the Chinese. Senior officials have translators, but ordinary Japanese soldiers and civilians obviously do not have this condition.

In order to communicate with the Chinese, the Japanese often promoted the so-called "imperial education" in the occupied areas, and Japanese language education was a key content. Taiwan has cultivated a large number of people who can speak Japanese after decades of Japanese language education. However, the Japanese army had not been active in mainland China for a long time and was in a state of war for a long time, so the effect of language education was very limited.

It is difficult to teach Chinese people to learn Japanese. Is it feasible to let Japanese people learn Chinese? NO! The Japanese invaders at that time were quite arrogant and felt that Chinese culture was inferior "China culture" and not worth learning. The vast majority of Japanese soldiers and civilians in China are first-generation immigrants who live in relatively concentrated areas such as military camps and reclamation regiments. They cannot be expected to effectively learn Chinese. Even though the Japanese military has been compiling textbooks such as "Chinese for Soldiers", "Japanese and Qing Conversations", and "Instant Self-Study in Manchuria" since the early days of the Sino-Japanese War of 1888-1895, the Chinese proficiency of the vast majority of Japanese soldiers is still very low.

When both parties are not familiar with each other's language, speaking a language that is neither Chinese nor Japanese, Chinese and Japanese has become a historical choice. This is the so-called Concord language.

As a temporary communication tool between two groups of people, Xiehe language has very distinctive characteristics compared with ordinary languages.

The first is lower vocabulary. The predecessor of Xieheyu is what the Japanese invaders called "Soldier Chinese", which is a temporary language. The expression does not pursue the richness and precision of the language, as long as the other party can understand it. Vocabulary is often limited to simple communication, such as "do you want it", "yours", "mine", "his", "buy it or not", "more money", "work plan", "come", "What", "bastard", "no" and the like. Correspondingly, Xiehe language is also relatively fixed in sentence structure, making it easy to apply mechanically in different situations.

As a mixture of Chinese and Japanese, Xiehe language will also introduce some easy-to-understand Japanese vocabulary. Japanese words such as "Yoshi (よし)", "Mixi (めし)", and "Hai (はい)" that are well known to Chinese people are largely derived from Concordia. It is even more common to use Japanese Chinese characters such as "cooking" to mean "dish", "restroom" to mean "toilet", "material gold" to mean "fee", and "chuhe" to mean "to pay public food".

In addition, Xiehe language is influenced by Japanese, and has grammatical features such as postposition of predicates that generally do not appear in Chinese. Due to the limitations of vocabulary and expression, word repetition in Xiehe language has important grammatical functions, such as expressing emphasis and so on.

The above characteristics make Concordia very different from normal Chinese and Japanese. For example, in a simple sentence "Give me this", Concordia expresses "yours, this, mine". , enter." And "I eat" is expressed with "My, Mixi Mixi, work plan" which sounds very strange to Chinese people.

These two short sentences embody the characteristics of Xiehe language, and their vocabulary and syntax are very simple. The predicate is placed at the end of the sentence, using the repeated Japanese loanword めしめし (Mixi Mixi). The habit of abusing "的", which is influenced by the Japanese language, is a major feature of the speech of the Japanese invaders in the Chinese people's impression. Therefore, in various anti-Japanese dramas, "big ones", "yours", and "flower girl's" are used Statements like this are not completely fabricated.

The first modern large-scale mashup of Chinese and foreign languages ??was not Concordia, but Pidgin. Pidgin is the translation of English Pidgin. It is generally believed to be the product of Business being misunderstood by Guangzhou people. Later, when Shanghai opened as a port, the Shanghai version of Pidgin—Pidgin English—appeared.

After Britain and the United States took a dominant position in East Asian trade, large ports like Guangzhou created a need for exchanges between Chinese and foreigners for business transactions. Foreign businessmen generally come to China for short-term business purposes and will not study Chinese as hard as missionaries in order to spread the gospel in China. For the sake of maintaining stability, the Qing government did not encourage Chinese businessmen to learn foreign languages, and it was even more taboo for them to teach foreigners Chinese. There were even vicious incidents such as the execution of Chinese teachers hired by foreign businessmen. Therefore, using simple and broken English as an intermediary became the only feasible option.

Similar to the Xiehe language, this Pidgin language is also the product of perfunctory communication. The vocabulary and grammar are relatively simple, and the pronunciation is also deeply influenced by the local language. For example, in the early "Hong Mao Tong Fan" In "Words", the pronunciation of "一" is "Wen", the pronunciation of "Very" is "Haxaul", the pronunciation of "Doctor" is "Deda", and the pronunciation of "Wan Gong" is "Wan Clam". The pronunciation of "woman" is "wuwen", and the pronunciation of "business" is "feixielin". Most of the words are commonly used in the business world, and the pronunciation is also based on the Guangzhou dialect and is close to the original English pronunciation.

After Shanghai opened as a port, Sino-foreign trade developed rapidly, and the demand for exchanges also increased. Compared with the Cantonese who have strong anti-foreign sentiments, the people of Jiangsu and Zhejiang are more friendly to foreigners and more enthusiastic about learning foreign languages. Gradually, the Shanghai version of Pidgin--Pidgin English was formed. The Yangjingbang is a tributary of the Suzhou River in Shanghai. After the establishment of the British Concession in 1845, the Yangjingbang became the dividing line between the concession and the Chinese border. It was the place where English and Chinese came into contact most frequently. Shanghai Yangjingbang English was born here. The "English Character Guide" based on Wu's phonetic notation of English was also published in 1879.

Not only does Pidgin English have strange pronunciation, but its grammar is also deeply influenced by Chinese. For example, catch and along appear very frequently and are almost omnipotent, and various complex tenses and person systems in English are also Completely abandoned. "It has become cold" should be said as "It has become cold", but in Pidgin English it is said as "This thing hab catchee cold". Not only is the pronunciation wrong, but it also does not follow the form of the third person singular in English. becomes has.

In practical applications, due to the lack of standards in Pidgin English, the origin of many words has been missed, such as "la-li-lung (thief)", which Shanghainese think is Foreign words from foreign countries, foreigners think they are foreign words. There may even be situations that are difficult for real foreigners to understand. For example, "I want to give you some color see see" in Pidgin English is the literal translation of "I want to give you some color see see" in Chinese. But can foreigners understand it? God knows.

Concordia and Pidgin English were historically short-lived. The former disappeared soon after Japan's defeat, and the latter also died naturally after Shanghai lost its charm as an "adventurer's paradise". Only a few words such as "Namowen (number one)" still exist in the dialect today.

Is death the fate of this hybrid language?

Not necessarily. Although the mixed language is rough in the early stage, its functions will gradually improve over time. Under certain conditions, it may even become the mother tongue of a group of people, forming the so-called "Creole phenomenon" .

For example, the spoken Chinese in the north of the Yuan Dynasty was seriously influenced by Mongolian. The ancient "Lao Qida" (a Korean textbook for learning Chinese) contains a large number of colloquial expressions influenced by Mongolian at that time, such as "After death, no matter what you choose, you can't do anything", "Wear clothes according to the four seasons. To wear clothes, take out a new one every day.”

This strange Chinese language is very important. "Lao Qi Da" even said: "Now that the imperial court dominates the world, the Han language is spoken in the world. Our Korean language is only spoken in the world of Koryo. When we go to Yizhou and go to the fields of Han, all the people are Han." Children's language." In the official documents, word-for-word Chinese translations of Mongolian appeared. The influence of Han'er language lasted until the early Ming Dynasty.

In fact, Xiehe language was already showing signs of being deslanged and vulgarized at that time. Not only is it widely used in spoken language, it has even entered written language, and it has largely broken away from the low-level and rough feeling of "Dabing dialect". For example, it appeared in the "Guandong News" on August 14, the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931) An advertisement like this:

“The rainy season has passed and the hot summer weather has arrived, which is the peak time of the year for skin diseases.

Therefore, there is no better way to treat the skin than Tian'en Water. Because the bactericidal power is so powerful, it is rich in profound ideals, and there is no irritation and pain, so skin diseases are suddenly relieved. If you want to buy it, please ask Tokyo, Tamura-cho, Shiba-ku, Tokyo, Japan Medicine or various pharmacies, ordering is also! ”