Is there wind in the sun?

A: There is also wind on the sun. The solar wind is caused by the corona material moving so fast that a small number of particles escape the fetters of the sun's gravity and leave the sun.

What is the solar wind made of?

A: The chemical composition of the solar wind is mainly hydrogen nuclei, accounting for about 91.3% of the total number of particles; Followed by helium nuclei, accounting for 8.6%; Other elements add up to only 0. 1%. Moreover, the material density of the solar wind is extremely small and extremely thin. There are only five protons per cubic centimeter on average near the earth.

How fast is the solar wind?

A: The speed of the solar wind is about 400 kilometers per second, sometimes as fast as 770 kilometers and as slow as 320 kilometers. It takes only five or six days for the solar wind to blow from the sun to the earth.

Solar storm is when sunspot activity reaches its climax, the sun ejects a large number of charged particles into space due to the increase of energy. Solar storm occurs once every 1 1 year, and it often comes at the speed of 3 million kilometers per hour, and collides with the earth's magnetic field to produce geomagnetic shock waves. Solar storms have little negative impact on the earth, but they often lead to "high fever" on the earth, causing certain damage to human life. Because the air mass in the solar storm is mainly charged plasma, and it breaks into space at the speed of10.5 thousand to 3 million kilometers per hour, it will have a great impact on the space environment of the earth. When the solar storm breaks out, it will affect communication, threaten satellites and destroy the ozone layer.

For example, a solar storm in the 1970s intensified atmospheric activities and increased the flight resistance of the Soviet Salute Space Station at that time, which made it deviate from its original orbit. 1989 The solar storm damaged the power supply systems in Quebec, Canada and New Jersey, USA, with losses exceeding 10 billion US dollars.

Scientists vividly compare the solar storm to the sun sneezing. The activity of the sun is very important to the earth, so when the sun sneezes, the earth often has a high fever.

Interviewee: Dong Zhe-Director Grade 8 10-20 20:48

Blow it, solar wind!

Interviewee: Feng _-Scholar Level 3 10-20 20:48

The corona, the outer atmosphere of the sun, expands outward continuously, forming a plasma flow radially outward from the sun, which is usually called "solar wind".

The solar wind makes the comet form a long tail and extend in the direction opposite to the sun. People can imagine the existence of the solar wind when enjoying the beautiful tail. The colorful aurora phenomenon seen in the high latitudes of the earth is also caused by the accelerated settlement of solar wind particles into the earth's magnetic field and into the earth's atmosphere. The direct observation of spacecraft shows that the solar wind is mainly composed of protons and electrons, but there are also a few helium nuclei and a few heavy ions. It is speculated that outside about 100 astronomical unit (astronomical unit = average distance between the sun and the earth = 1.5× 108 km), the solar wind will interface with interstellar gas originating from the Milky Way, and the space occupied by the solar wind is called heliosphere. Studying the physical process and laws of solar wind has become a new branch of space physics-heliospheric physics.

The discovery of solar wind is one of the important discoveries in space exploration in the 20th century. After nearly 40 years of research, we have a basic understanding of the physical properties of the solar wind, but so far people still don't know how the solar wind originated and how it accelerated. Obviously, the solar atmosphere is constantly losing mass and energy in the form of solar wind. However, how the solar wind can obtain plasma and energy supply is a basic problem that has not been solved for a long time in the field of space physics.

The solar wind constitutes the outer space environment for human activities. The disturbance of the solar atmosphere is transmitted to the earth through the solar wind, and through the interaction with the earth's magnetic field, it sometimes causes a series of events that affect human activities. For example, communication satellites fail, power grids fail in high latitudes, and the quality of short-wave communication and long-wave navigation declines. Changes in the solar wind may also cause changes in meteorology and climate. As mankind will further utilize the outer space environment of the earth in the 2 1 century, space environment forecast (or "space weather" forecast) will be very important. Understanding the origin of solar wind and its heating acceleration mechanism is of great significance for establishing an effective space weather forecasting system. In the universe, many stars and even many galaxies will emit their own "winds", which will cause material loss and affect the surrounding interstellar space or intergalactic space. The solar wind is the only stellar wind that can be directly observed. The study on the origin and acceleration mechanism of solar wind is bound to have a vital impact on understanding this universal "wind" phenomenon-cosmic plasma.

Spacecraft recently launched by the International Academic Program of Solar-Terrestrial Physics to observe the sun and solar wind include Solar Probe, Solar and Mercury Observer InterHelios, Advanced Composition Detector (ACE) and Space Solar Telescope. If the four important flight plans in the above design can be put into practice, the research on the origin and acceleration of the solar wind will take a big step forward. Because high-resolution observation of the solar atmosphere and direct observation of the recent solar wind and even the corona are costly space flight projects, international cooperation in this field is very important.

Respondents: high-level laity-college students1grade 6 10-20 20:49.

solar wind

1850, a British astronomer named carrington observed sunspots and found a small flash on the surface of the sun, which lasted about 5 minutes. Carrington thought he happened to see a big meteorite fall on the sun.

In the 1920s, there were more complicated instruments to study the sun. People find that this kind of "sunshine" is a common thing, and its appearance is often related to sunspots. For example, in 1899, American astronomer Hall invented the "solar spectrograph", which can be used to observe the light of a certain wavelength emitted by the sun. In this way, people can take photos of the sun with the help of the light of hydrogen, calcium and other elements in the solar atmosphere. It turns out that the sun's flash has nothing to do with any meteorite, but a brief explosion of hot hydrogen.

Small flash is a very common thing. In places with dense sunspots, as many as 100 times a day can be observed, especially when sunspots "grow". Huge flashes like those seen by Carrington are rare and only happen a few times a year.

Sometimes, the flash happens right in the center of the sun's surface, so it explodes in the direction of the earth. After such an explosion, strange things will appear again and again on the earth. For several days, the aurora will be very strong, sometimes even in temperate regions. The hands of the compass will also be restless and swing wildly, so this effect is sometimes called "magnetic storm". With the progress of science and technology, the mystery of aurora is more and more known to us. It turns out that this beautiful scenery is the work of cooperation between the sun and the atmosphere. Among the forms of energy created by the sun, such as light and heat, one is called "solar wind". The solar wind is charged particles ejected by the sun, and it is a powerful stream of charged subatomic particles, which can cover the earth. The solar wind flows around the earth over the earth and hits the earth's magnetic field at a speed of about 400 kilometers per second. The earth's magnetic field is shaped like a funnel, with its tip facing the north and south poles of the earth, so charged particles emitted by the sun settle along the "funnel" of the earth's magnetic field and enter the polar regions of the earth. The upper atmosphere of the poles, bombarded by the solar wind, will glow and form aurora. What is formed in the Antarctic region is called Antarctic light. What is formed in the North Pole is called the Northern Lights.

Before this century, this situation had no influence on mankind. But in the 20th century, it was found that magnetic storms would affect radio reception, and all kinds of electronic equipment would also be affected. As humans become more and more dependent on these devices, magnetic storms become more and more important. For example, during a magnetic storm, radio and television transmission will be interrupted and radar will not work.

Astronomers studied the sun's flash more carefully and found that hot hydrogen was obviously thrown far away in these bursts, some of which would overcome the great gravity of the sun and shoot into space. The nucleus of hydrogen is proton, so there are proton clouds around the sun (and a few complicated nuclei). 1958, American physicist Parker called this outward proton cloud "solar wind".

When protons flying to the earth reach the earth, most of them will be pushed away by the earth's own magnetic field. However, some will enter the atmosphere, causing aurora and various electrical phenomena. An abnormal explosion when a powerful proton cloud hits the earth will produce a phenomenon that can be called "solar storm". At this time, the magnetic storm effect will appear.

It is also the solar wind that makes comets have tails. When a comet approaches the sun, the dust and gas around the star will be blown back by the solar wind. This effect has also been confirmed on satellites. A large and light satellite like Echo 1 will be blown off the pre-calculated orbit by the solar wind.