Who is your most admired historical figure?

Napoléon Bonaparte was a famous strategist and politician in modern French history.

1769 August 15 was born in a poor aristocratic family in ajaccio, Corsica.

1April 25th, 779, studied military affairs at Brenney Military Academy in France.

1784 10, was ordered to transfer to the Royal Military Academy in Paris.

1In September 785, Napoleon graduated with the rank of second lieutenant.

In June, 1785, 1 1, began to serve in the "Rafer Artillery Regiment" in Vallance.

1789, the French bourgeois revolution broke out. Napoleon sympathized with the revolution and once became a supporter of jacobins. He returned to his hometown of Corsica three times and actively carried out activities for the autonomy and freedom of Corsica. Due to the exclusion of the local pro-British and anti-French Poly Group, the family was forced to move to France.

1793 In July, Napoleon led an army to capture Toulon, the fortress of the royalist party, which was deeply appreciated by Augustus robespierre of jacobins. 1794 In June, Napoleon was appointed as Major General and Artillery Brigade Commander. After the hot month coup, jacobins 103 people were killed, and Napoleon was also implicated and arrested on August 5. After trial, he was acquitted, but he was removed from the rank of major general and the post of artillery brigade commander. Napoleon was trapped in Paris for some time.

17951On October 4th, a royalist armed rebellion took place in Paris. Governor ballas invited Napoleon to help quell the rebellion. Napoleon defeated the rebels with artillery and saved the crisis. The governor promoted Napoleon to lieutenant general and commander of the Paris garrison. Overnight, Napoleon, down and out, became a big shot in military and political circles.

1796 On March 2, Napoleon, who was only 26 years old, was appointed as the commander of the French Italian army and began his independent combat career. On March 9th, Napoleon and Josephine Beauharnais, a famous Paris socialite, got married in a hurry. Two days later, he bid farewell to his new wife and rushed to the Italian legion to take office. He commanded tens of thousands of troops to March into Italy, and fought continuously with the Austrian Army and Sardinian Army, the first anti-French Coalition, in a favorable position, and achieved a series of brilliant victories. When he triumphed in Paris from Italy, he made up his mind to be the leader of the country that unified the whole country. The rising Napoleon made the governor feel threatened, and the governor officials decided to move him away from Paris.

1April 798 12, Napoleon was appointed commander of the French Egyptian army (Oriental Army). /kloc-in may of 0/8, Napoleon sent troops to the east and made an expedition to Egypt. He hopes to realize his ideal with the help of new victories.

1799 On August 22nd, Napoleon secretly left Egypt and returned to Paris.

1799165438+1October 9, (foggy month 18) Napoleon launched a coup to overthrow the prefect government and establish a three-person rule.

On June 1800, Napoleon defeated the Austrian army in marengo, forcing the second anti-French alliance to collapse. Napoleon took advantage of the short-lived peace in the European continent, vigorously governed and developed national strength, and for a time France was prosperous.

1802 On August 4th, France promulgated the * * * and ten-year constitution, and Napoleon ruled the French Republic for life.

1804 March 2 1 day, Napoleon officially promulgated the French civil code.

1804 18 in may, the constitution of the twelfth year of * * * was promulgated, declaring France as the French empire and Napoleon as the emperor of the empire.

1February 2, 804, Napoleon held a coronation ceremony in Notre Dame de Paris, known as Napoleon I.

1August 9, 805, Austria, Britain and Russia formed the third anti-French alliance. Napoleon led his army eastward and won the battles of Ulm and Austerlitz. The Russian emperor and the Austrian emperor fled in panic. Napoleon used his victory to form the "Rhine Union" in the vassal states of South Germany and China and Germany, and put it under his own protection. 1in the autumn of 806, Britain, Russia and Belgium formed the fourth anti-French alliance. 1 0/0/month/day, Prussia took the lead in declaring war on France. 14 during the day, the French army fought two beautiful battles in Jena and Olstadt at the same time, and the Pujun army was almost completely annihilated. 10 year1October 27th, the French army invaded Berlin. Heine once exaggerated: "Napoleon blew Prussia in one breath." Then, France attacked the Russian army in the East.

1on June 4th, 807, Napoleon defeated the Russian army in friedland, and the Russian emperor was forced to make peace. In order to suffocate the British Isles and strictly implement the policy of "continental blockade", Napoleon launched a war to conquer the Iberian Peninsula in 1807+00. The invasion of the French army aroused the strong resistance of the people on the island, and the French army soon fell into the quagmire of the people's war. Napoleon had to swallow the bitter fruit he planted.

/kloc-at the beginning of 0/809, because of the fifth anti-French alliance against Prussia, Austria and other countries, Napoleon hastily led his troops back to China before the end of the Spanish War and invaded Austria in the East. Napoleon turned defeat into victory with an iron will, forcing Austria to cede territory for peace again.

18 10 in March, Napoleon married Maria Louise, the royal princess of Austria. Napoleon's empire reached its peak.

1865438+June 2 1 In 2002, 500,000 French soldiers entered Russia in three ways. The lack of military preparation, the cold weather in Russia, and the tactics of clearing the field by the Russian army almost wiped out the French army.

181218 In February, Napoleon returned to Paris. The war against Russia ended in failure.

18 13 years, the sixth anti-French alliance in Europe was established. Napoleon led the army against the Allies and won a series of victories. However, after years of war, France finally failed to reach the whole armed Europe and was defeated in the Battle of Leipzig.

18 14, the allied forces marched into France. On March 3 1 day, French Marshal Marmond handed over Paris to the Allies.

1865438+On April 6th, 2004, Napoleon was forced to sign his abdication.

On May 4th, 2004, Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba, Italy. Bourbon restoration.

1865438+On February 6, 2005/kloc-0, Napoleon left the island of Elba, escaped the surveillance of the British fleet and sailed for France.

1865438+On March 20th, 2005, Napoleon returned to Paris and established the "Hundred Days Dynasty".

1865438+On March 25th, 2005, Britain, Russia, Austria and other countries formed the seventh anti-French alliance.

1865438+In June 2005, the French army was completely annihilated in the Battle of Waterloo, and Napoleon abdicated for the second time. 10, exiled to St. Helena.

1821On May 5th, Napoleon died in St. Helena at the age of 52. Four days later, people on the island held a funeral for the conqueror. In the roar of the salute, the coffin was slowly buried next to Tolbert Spring on St. Helena. In the depths of this quiet canyon, a few weeping willows are shaded by flowing water, and Haitang, taro and canna are competing to open. Napoleon, the once all-powerful, outstanding and unparalleled hero, was buried under these green leaves and flowers.

1840 15 February 15, Prince Anwar of the French July Dynasty led a warship to St. Helena to take Napoleon's body back to the motherland. 900,000 Parisians braved the cold and attended this grand funeral with deep affection. Napoleon's body was escorted by a guard of honor, passed through the Arc de Triomphe and was buried in the lobby on the roof of the garden of the Paris Veterans Retirement Home. 15 years later, Queen Victoria of England and her prince, later Edward VII, came here in person, and the queen made the prince kneel at the grave of the great Napoleon.

Heinz von guderian, the first-class general of the German Army, the father of Nazi German armored forces and the founder of German "Blitzkrieg".

1888 was born in the family of a German army officer in East Prussia. 1908 officially joined the German army and participated in the First World War.

He received a formal and systematic military education, but he dared to innovate in tank warfare and was far superior to others without a teacher.

Although the British Fuller and liddell hart first put forward the theory of high-speed tank warfare, and the first experimental armored force in the world was first established by the British in Salisbury Plain, guderian surpassed these theoretical pioneers with amazing perseverance and founded and trained German armored forces. It can be said that a series of major victories won by the Germans in the early World War II were attributed to this man. At that time, it was because Germany could not win any European power only by comparing the forces and equipment of all parties, and it was precisely because of the successful use of the tactics of high-speed tank warfare (that is, "blitzkrieg") that the German victory was so brilliant.

The core of the blitzkrieg proposed by guderian is: "With the rapid mechanized attack force with strong assault and maneuverability, a large number of highly mechanized combat aircraft and heavy artillery will be assembled to provide rapid and intensive fire support to armored forces, forming an invincible assault force, which will produce a frightening shock, make the enemy lose its fighting spirit in consternation, and make the enemy collapse rather than destroy the enemy."

The troops completed the clearing and disintegration of the enemy. "

Hitler's coming to power provided the broadest world for guderian's practice.

1939 served as the commander of 19 Army (including the 3rd Armored Division) in August, and joined the Polish campaign a month later. This tank unit served as

The leader of the northern wing of the German army, like nobody's business all the way, was in front of the expressway with Chrysler's panzer corps in less than two weeks.

The advance trapped the tactically backward Poles, and the role of German infantry was to encircle the enemies in the encirclement.

1May, 940, participated in the French campaign and once again served as the offensive spearhead. Due to Munster's suggestion, the Germans will mainly attack.

Moving to the Ardennes in the south wing-usually considered as an area where tanks can't pass-guderian decisively surpassed him here.

Originally an armchair strategist, his attack speed not only frightened his opponents, but also his superiors and Hitler: after crossing the Maas River,

He will no longer use tanks as self-propelled artillery, but will play high-speed sports as far away as possible, from Sedang to Abu on the coast.

Gravlin became an earth-shattering encirclement, putting all the allies in northern France and Belgium.

Pocket.

Moreover, he also broke the record of attack speed in the history of modern war, that is, in less than six days, his armored forces entered.

More than 400 kilometers, that is, across France, drove the tank to the Atlantic coast. If it weren't for Lieutenant General Goering, Hitler ordered it to stop on the spot.

Stop chasing, the British and French forces will be wiped out in Dunkirk. In the whole human history, perhaps only Genghis Khan's Mongolian cavalry and the United States.

Sherman had the same record in wartime.

194 1 May, 2008, he was promoted to commander of the 2nd Armored Army. After the outbreak of the Soviet-German war, his bold progress once again shocked the world.

Sri Lanka's 3rd Panzer Corps became the decisive assault force, and conducted several famous encirclement and annihilation wars in five months, namely Mince.

Viktor, Smolensk, Kiev and Vyazma are all close to Moscow, and there are nearly two million prisoners alone.

Man, this is unique in the history of human war, and the battle of Kiev has also been recorded as the biggest annihilation war in human history.

Book-Captured more than 660,000 Soviet troops.

After the Battle of Kiev, guderian led his troops north to participate in the "typhoon offensive" against Moscow. His troops attacked Moscow.

At the gates, but in front of the powerful Soviet Red Army, "Blitzkrieg" lost its effectiveness.

The Russian winter is coming, and the German combat effectiveness is sharply reduced. Guderian concluded that it was hopeless to capture Moscow, so he strongly suggested.

The troops retreated to the winter line, rested and fought again, which annoyed Hitler and led to their expulsion from the army.

Later it was used by Hitler. He served as the director and chief of staff of armored forces, and was responsible for organizing and training new armored forces. Although he is

I hate Hitler, but I still refuse to join the "black band" that assassinated Hitler in July 1944. Therefore, Hitler trusted him again in July.

On the 22nd, he became the Chief of General Staff of the German army, but until the end of the war, he was unable to personally command the German armored forces he had created to gallop on the battlefield.

1March, 945, and was dismissed for advocating a truce. 10 was captured by American troops at his home in Munich in May, and guderian died in 1954.

He died of a heart attack at the age of 68.

Guderian was one of the few generals who dared to refute Hitler. He wrote Attention to Tanks.

Rommel, the general of the German armored forces, was a famous man of the hour in the First World War. After the war, the Federal Republic of Germany named the streets and barracks of warships after him, and the United States also filmed the film "Desert Fox" which praised him. An American historian believes that Rommel's legendary factors are firstly his short stature, foxy and secretive smile, but mainly his superb military command art when commanding armored forces in the desert of North Africa, which often caught his opponents off guard. Many countries in the world have studied and introduced his works, and his military command art and the characteristics of using troops have a wide influence in the military field.

Rommel took part in World War I and served as the company commander. After the war, he taught in military academies and wrote the book Infantry Attack (1937). On the eve of World War II, he served as the captain of Hitler's base camp. 1940 as the 10th armored division commander. In the war of invading France, although his division was not in the main assault direction, it was always in the forefront of the German armored forces, completing the task of lightning breakthrough, separation, encirclement and pursuit, infiltrating all over France at high speed, and finally capturing the Cherbourg fortress on the west coast of France. In the battle of one and a half months, the division captured many enemy troops and paid a small price (more than 2,600 casualties and many tanks lost) in exchange for a prize tank. Rommel's armored division has made outstanding achievements, which is largely due to the backward thinking of the British and French allied forces, insufficient combat preparation and low morale.

194 1 February, in order to rescue Italy from the crisis in North Africa, Rommel led the German African Panzer Corps to Libya and commanded the Italian army to fight in a unified way. He successfully used integrated tactics in campaigns and battles, and realized the surprise attack with the help of the high mobility of tanks. Therefore, in the harsh environment of desert areas and the lack of air superiority, he often attacks the public with fewer people and wins by surprise. He is widely used. 1942 In May, Rommel defeated his powerful opponent in the tank battle with Ha Mu Kai and drove the British back to Egypt. Rommel became the youngest marshal of the German army because of his outstanding military exploits. 1July 942, Rommel and his tired German and Italian armies became a spent force. 1 1 year 10 In the tank battle in aleman, Rommel was defeated by the British Second Army under the command of B·L· Montgomery. From Rommel's point of view, in addition to the serious difficulties in logistics and technical support, the large number of casualties caused by diseases and the lack of air superiority, Rommel's stretching the front too long is also a major factor.

1943 to 65438+February to1July 944, Rommel was the commander of the "b" army group stationed on the western front of France. Before directing the Normandy anti-landing campaign, his suggestion that armored divisions should be deployed in front of the beach was not adopted. 1On July 20th, 944, Rommel was involved in Hitler's assassination and was forced to commit suicide. British military theorist BH Liddell liddell hart compiled Rommel's battle documents into a book named Rommel Documents, which discussed the "laws of desert war" and aroused the strong interest of many military art researchers.

Rommel's command of armored forces has the following main characteristics: (1) He is good at using battlefield space and time factors to command troops to move quickly and concentrate their forces. In the attack, armored forces are used as assault groups, taking advantage of the enemy's indecision and confusion, risking exposing the flank and rear, and boldly weaving circuitous ways to attack the enemy's flank and rear, thus disintegrating the enemy's overall defense, while infantry carries out containment actions in front. When confronting the counter-attack of enemy superior tanks, defensive actions and anti-aircraft guns are often used to defeat opponents and then turn to counterattacks. In the tough battle in the town, the infantry usually breaks through first and then enters the tank. When the enemy retreats, the tank will keep chasing to develop victory. In defensive campaigns, armored forces are usually used as a reserve to fight back or attack invading enemies. When retreating, we will use mobile defense to delay the pursuit of the other side. (2) Accustomed to the front, the front command, often take armoured command vehicle or tanks or even aircraft command. He often appeared in the most tense and critical time and place, kept up with the crisis, survived again and again, was strict with his subordinates, and advocated the spirit of being brave and fearless. Although he often acts rashly, he enjoys a high reputation among soldiers. (3) advocate using all means of deceiving and disguising the enemy in campaigns and battles, so as to make the enemy have the illusion and achieve the effect of surprise attack. During the invasion of France, he repeatedly let the tank crew sit outside the tank and wave the white flag, which made the enemy stunned, at a loss and forgot to fight.

Some bourgeois historians tried to portray Rommel as a military genius divorced from politics, but failed. In fact, as early as 1938, Rommel quoted Hitler in a very favorable tone: "Today's soldiers must have political foresight, because he must be ready to fight for our new politics at any time." Since then, Rommel has been the chief commander of the German fascists' aggressive war.