Which dry cleaner brand has a good reputation?

"Under normal circumstances, brands with various titles such as' Top Ten Brands in an Industry' and' Leading Brands in an Industry' are often more attractive to consumers, and so is the dry cleaning industry. Many young people who want to choose dry cleaners will also give priority to "dry cleaners joining the top ten brands" when choosing a platform. So, what is the ranking of the dry cleaning industry?

In fact, there is no so-called authoritative list in the life service industry including dry cleaning. After all, this industry is distributed all over the country, and its scale and business scope are very different, so it is difficult to make a professional comparison. Therefore, the "Top Ten Brands Joined by Dry Cleaners" that is truly recognized by consumers does not exist.

Although there is no so-called authoritative brand ranking. But for some entrepreneurs who want to join dry cleaners, they can find a better platform to join through various channels. At present, the internet has become the main channel for many people to understand the market, so entrepreneurs can learn relevant information through online channels and try to choose authoritative websites related to the dry cleaning industry.

Of course, we can also carry out the actual inspection offline. You can visit the dry cleaners around you first, and you can also visit the dry cleaners with characteristics and large traffic in other cities. In short, online and offline synchronization to find a brand that suits you.

In the current dry cleaning market in China, Oberlin Technology Dry Cleaning can be said to be one of the top ten brands of dry cleaners, which has been welcomed by franchisees.

Originated in Europe, it pioneered the black technology laundry technology, resulting in Germany's advanced dry cleaning equipment. It has a team of top dry cleaning training technicians in China, providing one-stop service for franchisees, winning many honors in the dry cleaning industry and being recognized by the industry. It is not surprising that Oberson Technology Dry Cleaning has become a dry cleaner franchise brand widely recognized and relied on by franchisees. The whole set of equipment is more than 30 thousand, with high cost performance

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Secret. In addition, pineapple is rich in vitamin B 1, which can promote metabolism and eliminate fatigue. ? [7]?

Pineapple juice has a cooling effect and can effectively prevent bronchitis, but it is best not to have a fever. According to medical research, since ancient times, human beings often rely on bromelain contained in pineapples to relieve the symptoms of sore throat and cough. Pineapple peel is rich in bromelain and has rich medicinal value. According to the experiments of foreign experts for more than 20 years, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes is obviously reduced after long-term consumption of pineapple peel, and it has certain anti-cancer effect. It also contains an enzyme that can decompose protein.

As a fresh food, pineapple is golden in color, rich in fragrance, sweet and sour, crisp and juicy. Pineapple fruit is mostly used for canning except fresh food, and is widely loved because it can keep its original flavor. Canned pineapple is known as "international canned fruit" and can also be made into a variety of processed products, which are widely welcomed by consumers.

Pineapple, like some fruits, can make some people allergic, and the allergic reaction can appear within 15 minutes at the earliest. This symptom is called "pineapple disease" or "pineapple poisoning". For example, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, skin flushing, itching all over the body, numbness of limbs, mouth and tongue, dyspnea, shock and other serious allergic reactions.

Before eating, the pineapple is soaked in salt water, and some organic acids contained in it can be decomposed in salt water to remove the sour taste and make the pineapple taste sweeter. You can also scald it with boiling water before eating. Bromelain began to denature at 45℃~50℃, and more than 90% was destroyed at 100℃. Glycosides can also be destroyed and eliminated at the same time; Serotonin is soluble in water. After cooking, the taste is also improved. Don't eat too many pineapples at a time. Excessive consumption is harmful to the stomach. The baby who eats for the first time only eats the size of a biscuit. If there is no abnormality, the amount can be increased appropriately next time.

1. Because pineapple contains stimulating glycoside and bromelain, it will decompose protein in the body and stimulate the young epidermis of human oral mucosa and lips. If you don't soak the pineapple in salt water before eating, you will feel paralyzed and tingling. So trim the skin and thorns, cut the pulp into pieces, soak it in light salt water or sugar water, and leach out the glycosides before eating. After pineapple is soaked in salt water, it can effectively destroy the internal allergic structure of "pineapple prion", thus losing the ability to make people allergic and the toxicity to some constitutions.

After eating meat or greasy food, eating pineapple is good for your health. "Pineapple Goo Old Meat" and "Pineapple Beef" are both safe dishes to eat.

3. Pineapple and eggs can't be eaten together. Protein in eggs is combined with fruit acid in pineapple, which easily coagulates protein and affects digestion.

4, pineapple and honey can be eaten at the same time, pineapple honey soup can cure bronchitis. However, people who are unwell or have diarrhea symptoms are advised not to eat like this. ? [7]?

Pineapple flowers germinate, grow and bloom brilliantly. No distractions, no boundaries, even places, we must go deep into the essence. This belief in pursuing perfection has always been accompanied by pineapple flowers. There are many small flowers densely clustered on the stem, forming a thick spike, and the bracts at the top of the spike extend radially. Every little flower is a star. Flowers are yellow, light green, pink and white. Pineapple is a very beautiful indoor potted flower, which can enjoy flowers and leaves. With its rosette-like plant type, bright ear color and long flowering period, it has gradually become the "darling" of the New Year flower market.

Gift-giving etiquette: paper towels are laid in the flower basket, and tropical fruits such as pineapple, lily and boiled pineapple are put inside.

The origin of the name

First of all, the origin of pineapple is related to paramita (honey), which is a Buddhist term in Chinese and refers to reaching the other side; The second refers to a tropical fruit, which is now standardized as jackfruit. Jackfruit (or jackfruit, honey) is a tropical fruit, which originated in India and was introduced to Southeast Asia and China very early (it was introduced in the Tang Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties). Today, it is also called wood pineapple, tree pineapple and river snail. Paramita is related to Buddhism, a great religion, which originated in India and then spread to China and China. Paramim is a combination of transliteration and free translation of Sanskrit. The original translation of paramita omits the word "duo". It is said that the paramita of fruit trees is called paramita because of its large fruit (such as wax gourd) and sweet taste.

Secondly, pineapple is also closely related to Buddhist statues with paramita. Anyone who has personally peeled and eaten pineapple will know that there are many hexagonal (or hexagonal) thorns or sun fruit thorns on the shell of pineapple fruit, that is, the remains of small flowers, which are quite like the hair bun of Buddha and Bodhisattva statues (such as Leshan Giant Buddha, Dazu Stone Carved Buddha and various stone carved Buddha statues). In the history of Buddhism, most stone statues of Buddha statues are different from Buddhist monks and nuns in life, and they are generally shaved. Most Buddha statues are made of hair and combed into a bun. Of course, there are hats, headscarves and bald heads. It is conceivable that the ancient people in China, influenced by Buddhism, called this American fruit introduced by westerners paramita, later referred to as Poirot.

Thirdly, there was a man named Kyle Poirot, who had a great influence in the history of cultural exchange between China and the West. He comes from Italy. He came to China in the early Yuan Dynasty and stayed in China for more than ten years. After coming back, he wrote a book, The Travels of Marco Polo, which aroused great interest and eager yearning of westerners for China. So calling this fruit pineapple (Poirot) is a bit foreign, which is consistent with its spread from the west (people).

When American pineapple was first introduced, it was confused with jackfruit imported from India and Southeast Asia. But these two tropical fruits are very different, so people gradually separate their names. Li said in Volume XIII of Notes on South Vietnam during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty: "Fancun in the middle of Guangdong Province is planted with mountainous Boluo along the road, with a fist-like horizontal stem and prickly leaves, which is full of balance." It is known that the jackfruit of American fruit has been reduced to Poirot at this time; The word "mountain" is added in front of it, which means it can be planted on the hillside. Wu Qi of Daoguang period in Qing Dynasty said in Volume 31 of Textual Research on Plant Names: "Loudou produces fruit 100 east, which is Poirot". He went on to say, "Also known as Fanlouzi, it looks like an orchid with dense leaves and stems. Its leaves are peeled and stored with tendons, that is, polonium. " This may be the earliest record called Poirot alone.

The word "pineapple" may first appear in the third volume of Yin Zheng Ti Yao by Gao Jingting in Jiaqing, Qing Dynasty, but it was not explained. So at this time, Poirot has begun to be added with grass heads by literati, indicating that it is a plant and a fruit. Polo is a sequel to Ci Yuan and a revised edition of Ci Hai published in the Republic of China, and its interpretation has been nearly contemporary. It can be seen that the Republic of China was simplified to Poirot. It was not until the dictionaries and dictionaries published after liberation that it was officially defined as "pineapple". ? [8]?

Name discussion

Pineapple is one of the four tropical fruits in the world (the other three are bananas, coconuts and mangoes), ranking second. Pineapple originated in America and was introduced in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which was deeply loved by Chinese people. China is one of the main producers and consumers of pineapple. However, there are many differences in the appellation of pineapple in modern Chinese, which need to be standardized and unified.

Modern Chinese Dictionary, the most commonly used and authoritative Chinese dictionary in China (edited by the Dictionary Office of Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, revised by the Commercial Press, 1997 edition), contains "pineapple", but it is only interpreted as "wind pear"; There is also a "jackfruit" article, which is interpreted as "1, wood pineapple. Also known as paramita. 2, commonly known as the wind pear "(page 96). Modern Korean also has "Jackfruit 2", which is just interpreted as "the same jackfruit". The modern article "Pineapple" in Han Dynasty has a detailed explanation, and finally points out that it is also called "pineapple, commonly known as jackfruit" (38 1 page). In other words, Xianhan advocated using pineapple as the official name of this fruit (tree), and at the same time showed that this fruit was also called pineapple, commonly known as jackfruit (sometimes written as jackfruit on the basis of this word). The Chinese Dictionary, the largest Chinese dictionary in China today, is treated in the same way as modern Chinese, with pineapple as the main entry.

Cihai, the most commonly used and authoritative encyclopedia dictionary in China (edited by editorial board, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, revised edition 1999), has an article "pineapple" with detailed explanations and illustrations, also known as "yellow pear" and "pineapple" (page 723). There is also "pineapple" in Ci Hai, but it is only interpreted as "pineapple" (page 4 17). That is to say, Cihai advocates using pineapple as the official name of this fruit (tree), and at the same time shows that this fruit is also called pineapple and yellow pear.

In the fields of agriculture and gardening, pineapple and pineapple seem to be evenly matched. For example, in the 1980s, the mainland published books such as Pineapple and Its Cultivation, and Taiwan Province Province published books such as Production Technology of Pineapple, Apricot and Jujube. However, "China Agricultural Encyclopedia Volume" and "China Agricultural Encyclopedia Fruit Tree Volume" both set a "pineapple", and explained that it is also known as pineapple and yellow pear; Also known as pineapple, Wang Li and yellow pear. It seems that the agricultural and horticultural circles in mainland China tend to use pineapple as the official name of this fruit (tree). As can be seen from the above, linguists prefer to use pineapple, and both agricultural and horticultural circles like to use pineapple.

Except ...

(4) Before the grafted seedlings germinate in early spring, the upper rootstock should be cut off at 65438±0cm above the grafted seedlings. Alternatively, the upper rootstock can be cut off at 1 time, that is, a living pile with a length of about 15-20 cm is left above the grafted bud as a support for binding the new shoots, and all the new shoots are cut off after lignification, but the rootstock is cut off at the second time.

grafted seedling

(1) The grafting operation is faster. The longer Daoxiao Noodles is exposed to the air, the easier Daoxiao Noodles will be oxidized and discolored, which will affect meristem division and the lower the survival rate.

(2) The joint between the rootstock and the ear should be tied tightly, so that the rootstock is closely connected with the cambium of the ear to promote survival.

(3) Keeping a certain temperature at the joint after transplantation is one of the keys to form healing tissue.

In addition, intertillage weeding, fertilization, irrigation and pest control should be carried out in time.

Red bean is an annual erect or twining herb. The height is 30-90 cm, and the plants are sparse. Pinnate compound leaves with 3 leaflets; Stipules shield-shaped, arrow-shaped, 0.9- 1.7 cm long; Leaflets ovate to rhomboid-ovate, 5- 10 cm long and 5-8 cm wide, with wide triangular or nearly round apex, lateral oblique, entire or shallow trilobal, and slightly sparse on both sides.

Flowers yellow, about 5 or 6 peanuts at the top of short total pedicel; Pedicel is very short; Bracteoles lanceolate, 6-8 mm long; Calyx campanulate, 3-4 mm long; Corolla about 9 mm long, flag oblate or nearly kidney-shaped, often slightly skewed, with a concave top. Wing flap is wider than keel flap, and the stem and spike are shorter. The top of the keel flap is bent for nearly half a circle, one of which has a corner bulge in the middle and lower part and a stalk at the base. Ovary linear, style curved, hairy near apex.

Pods are cylindrical, 5-8 cm long and 5-6 mm wide, spreading or recurved, glabrous; Seeds are usually dark red or other colors, rectangular, 5-6 mm long and 4-5 mm wide, truncated at both ends or nearly round, and the hilum is not depressed. It blooms in summer and bears -65438+ 10 in September.

Red beans like temperature, light and waterlogging. The whole growth period should be above 10℃, and the effective accumulated temperature should be 20-25℃. Generally, germination and emergence begin above 8- 12℃. Red beans are sensitive to light. Early sowing prolongs the growth period and does not mature early. Therefore, the introduction from high latitude to low latitude will be premature, while the introduction from low latitude to high latitude will prolong the maturity. The growth length of red beans varies from variety to variety. The shortest growth period can be 60-90 days; The growth period is 80- 120 days. Red beans need water most before and after flowering, and it is easy to drop flowers and pods when they encounter high temperature and drought during flowering and pod setting. Too wet, plants tend to lodging. In the stage of grain bulging and maturity, sunny days are beneficial to photosynthesis and increase grain weight. Red beans grow best in loose soil rich in humus. Red beans planted in the sand are red and shiny. Red beans planted in loam, deep red and dark red. Adzuki bean has strong adaptability to soil and can grow in slightly acidic and alkaline soil. ? [5]?

Sowing mode

edit

Adzuki bean is an annual leguminous crop, so it is advisable to choose gramineous crops such as wheat, corn and sorghum in the previous crop to avoid multiple cropping with leguminous crops, so as to avoid infection with pests and diseases and reduce production. Like soybeans, the rotation mode should be three-zone rotation or four-zone rotation: wheat, jade and beans (red beans); Wheat, wheat and beans (red beans); Wheat, miscellaneous and beans (red beans); Wheat, wheat, jade and beans (red beans). We should choose barren stubble instead of fertilizer stubble. It can be intercropped with tall crops such as corn, sorghum and sunflower, which can make full use of land and light energy and obtain high economic benefits. It can also be planted in fields, fields and trees. Monocropping, intercropping and interplanting of red beans. Because shade tolerance is mostly intercropping and interplanting, single cropping is rare. The main forms are:

Red beans are interplanted with spring corn, sorghum and millet. The interplanting rate of spring corn and adzuki bean is 1: 1 or 2:2. Generally, after corn seedlings are fixed, red beans are interplanted between rows of corn.

Red beans are mixed with summer corn and summer grain. When sowing summer corn or millet, red beans should be planted at the same time. When fixing seedlings, pay attention to leave a certain number of red bean seedlings between corn plants.

Intercropping cotton with red beans. After the emergence of cotton in spring, sow a row of red beans in the hole of Dahang, and choose small and early-maturing varieties of red beans. This intercropping method is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission at the lower part of cotton, and can reduce the shedding of buds and bolls and peach blossom. Sometimes red beans are replanted on plots where cotton, peanuts, sweet potatoes and other crops lack seedlings.

Spring bud interplanting with red beans. 5-6 red beans are planted on each gully pier in the sweet potato field. Red beans mature early, and are at the peak of the secondary expansion of sweet potato roots at the time of harvest, which does not affect the yield of sweet potatoes and also harvests dozens of kilograms of red beans.

Red beans need more nitrogen fertilizer. Although rhizobia can fix nitrogen, the application of farm manure can significantly increase the yield, especially the appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. If base fertilizer is not applied, topdressing available nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer 5-6 days before flowering in the growth period of red beans can promote the increase of flowers and pods and prevent pod dropping. ? [5]?

operate

The fruit is oblong or ovoid, the peel is red, fleshy, with oval sharp scales at the top, long10-12cm, thick and waxy. The pulp is white or red. There are nearly ten thousand sesame seeds with fragrance, so it is called sesame fruit. ? [ 1]?

Pitaya is named because it looks like an angry red fireball. The pulp inside is like sweet cream, but it is covered with small black seeds. Mild texture and fragrant taste.

Pitaya is a tropical and subtropical fruit, which likes light, shade, heat, drought, fat and barren. It grows rapidly in a warm, humid and sunny environment. When cultivating in the open field in spring and summer, water more to keep the root system growing vigorously. Drainage should be carried out in time in rainy weather to avoid stem rot caused by infection with germs. Its stems can also grow on rocks, and this plant is very wind-resistant. As long as the support is firm, it can resist typhoon.

Pitaya can tolerate low temperature of 0℃ and high temperature of 40℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 25-35℃. Pitaya can adapt to a variety of soils, but neutral soil and weak acid soil with high humus content and water and fertilizer conservation are the best.

The most suitable cutting time is spring. Cuttings were selected from well-grown stems and cut into small pieces with a length of 375px. After the wound is air-dried, it is inserted into the sand bed or cut directly under the support frame and on the side of the cement column. There is no need to water after cutting to keep the soil dry. /kloc-start watering after 0/0. 15-30 days can take root, and the seedbed can be transplanted when the root length is 3- 100px. ? [3]?

transplant

Choose a "measuring ruler" with no pests and diseases, strong growth and full stem meat as the rootstock, and carry out it on sunny days.

Grafting. Cut the pitaya stem into a plane with a knife, insert the scion, align it with the cambium, and tie it tightly with cotton thread. Under the condition of 28-30℃, a large number of callus will be formed on the wound joint surface in 4-5 days, and the color of scion and rootstock is similar, indicating that the vascular bundles of them have healed and grafted successfully, and then they can be moved into the heel of seedbed to continue culture. ? [3]?

1, selection of rootstock and scion

Wild triangle column (Lady Enforcers) can be selected as the rootstock of yellow-fleshed pitaya, and white-fleshed pitaya can be selected as the rootstock of red-fleshed pitaya. Select 1-2-year-old triangular prism, cut it from the parent at the stem node, cut it in loose soil with heavy sandy soil (the depth should be blocked), put a shade shed on it, and water it as rootstock. It can be grafted in about half a month. Scions are suitable for branches that develop well in the same year.

Generally, grafting can be carried out in all seasons except the low temperature period in winter. Because winter and spring are cold and humid for a long time, the wound is not only difficult to heal, but also expands, endangering the plant. Therefore, the best grafting time is March-June, 65438+1October, which has sufficient healing growth period and is conducive to the next year's results.

3. Drug treatment before grafting

Knives for grafting should be disinfected with alcohol or white wine to prevent bacterial infection. Conditional availability. Dipping the base of scion with sodium naphthylacetate solution can not only promote the formation of callus, but also improve the survival rate. ? [3]?

4. Grafting method

A. Docking method

In Lady Enforcers, a sharp knife is used to cut the triangular prism crosswise at a proper height, then three edges are cut at 30-40 degrees, the sterilized fairy thorn is used to pierce the vascular bundle in the middle of the rootstock, and the cut scion is connected to the other end of the thorn, and the scion is connected to the thorny rootstock. Rootstock and scion should be as close as possible without gaps, so as to avoid poor healing caused by bacterial infection. Then add a thorn on both sides to fix it, and then tie it tightly around the base with thin iron wire.

B. wedging method

Cut a slit longitudinally at the top of the rhizome with a sterilized knife, but not too deep. Then cut the lower part of the scion into a duckbill shape with a sterilized blade, insert it into the crack of the rootstock immediately after cutting, fix it with plastic tape, and cover it with a plastic bag to keep the air humidity, which is beneficial to survival. After 20 days, the growth of grafting was observed. If it can keep fresh and bright green, it will survive. You can leave the nursery in a month.

pot culture

The germination temperature of pitaya seeds is about 25℃.

To choose culture soil with fine particles, you can also use commercially available sowing soil instead.

Be sure to remove the pulp and gum attached to the seeds, otherwise mold will easily grow when sprouting.

To make a small potted plant, the seeds should be spread densely, especially at the edges, otherwise it will be scattered loosely and lose its aesthetic feeling.

If there is no bottom hole in the basin, don't water it directly with the kettle, so as not to water it too much. Just spray water with the watering can once every 2-3 days.

The seedbed should be a field with sunny ventilation, fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage. The whole bed should be carefully cultivated, with the border length of 2250px and 667 square meters of decomposed chicken manure or cow dung 1, 500-2,000 kg, and mixed rice husk ash 1, 000 kg, which should be fully stirred and applied to the seedbed during soil preparation. After that, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 100- 150kg was applied, and it was fully stirred with a hoe, and the topsoil was applied to a depth of 4- 125px. Then sow seeds in the seedbed according to the row spacing of 75px, water them, and spray carbendazim 500 times 10 times every time. ? [3]?

Planting management

Pitaya began to blossom and bear fruit 12- 14 months after planting. It can bloom 12- 15 times a year, and the fruiting period is 4- 1 1 month. The fruit ripens 30-40 days after withering, and the single fruit weighs 500-65438.

The key points of high-yield cultivation are as follows:

1. Dilute application of thin fertilizer: Due to the long fruit harvesting period, organic fertilizer should be applied again every year, and NPK compound fertilizer should be applied in a balanced way for a long time. Potassium and magnesium fertilizer should be supplemented during flowering and fruiting to promote sugar accumulation and improve fruit quality. Keep the soil moist during the fruiting period, and cover the tree tray with grass or mushroom residue. When the weather is dry, water should be poured every 3-4 days. Pitaya, like other cactus plants, is smaller than traditional fruit trees. Therefore, fertilization should be based on the principle of sufficient amount, small amount and multiple times.

Young trees (1-2 years old) mainly apply nitrogen fertilizer, so as to apply less frequently and promote the growth of trees. Adult trees (more than 3 years) are mainly applied with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is controlled.

Fertilization should be carried out in the germination period of new shoots and the fruit expansion period in spring. Fertilizer is generally made of cake residue, chicken manure and pig manure according to the formula of 1: 2: 7, and 25 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant every year. Or in July every year, 10 June, and in March of the following year, each plant is applied with cow dung compost 1.2 kg and compound fertilizer of 200 grams. The root system of pitaya is mainly distributed in topsoil, so fertilization should be adopted to avoid deep furrows to avoid root damage. In addition, after each batch of young fruits is formed, 0.3% magnesium sulfate +0.2% borax +0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time is sprayed outside the roots to improve the fruit quality.

Because of the long harvest period of pitaya, organic fertilizer should be applied again, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer should be applied in a balanced way for a long time. Completely using fertilizers with too high nitrogen content in pig manure and chicken manure makes the branches thick, dark green, fragile, easy to break in strong wind, large and heavy fruits, poor quality, low sweetness and even sour or salty. Therefore, potassium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer and bone meal should be added during flowering and fruiting to promote sugar accumulation and improve fruit quality.

There are many aerial roots of pitaya, which can be transformed into absorption roots. Expanding holes and improving soil can gradually broaden the distribution of root system; You can also induce aerial roots to go to the ground by binding and dragging. ? [5]?

2. Picking: When the branches grow to 1.3- 1.4 meters long, the picking core promotes branching and makes the branches droop naturally.

3. Interplanting and artificial pollination: When planting pitaya, it is necessary to interplant about 10% of white pitaya. Cross-pollination among varieties can obviously improve the seed setting rate. In case of rainy weather, artificial pollination is needed. Pollination can be accomplished by brushing pollen directly on the stigma of female flowers before flowering at night or closing in the morning.

4. Pruning branches: After picking the fruit every year, cut off the bearing branches and let them send out new branches.

To ensure the output in the coming year. Pitaya can be planted in various ways, such as climbing the wall or building a shed, but column cultivation is the most common, which has the advantages of low production cost and high land utilization rate.

The so-called column planting is to erect a cement column or a wooden column, and plant 3-4 pitaya seedlings around the column so that the pitaya seedlings can grow along the column. Planting specifications: row spacing of double-season columns 1.5m× 2m, and 750 plants can be planted per 667m2, with 4 plants planted around each column. Pitaya can be planted all year round. Be careful not to plant it too deep. It can be planted about 3 cm deep, and the soil should be kept moist at the beginning. ? [3]?

Water management

Pitaya grows rapidly in a warm, humid and sunny environment. The soil in the whole garden should be kept moist during the growth of seedlings. Water more in spring and summer to keep the root system growing vigorously. Keeping the soil moist during fruit expansion is beneficial to fruit growth.

Do not soak for a long time when pouring water, and do not spray water frequently from beginning to end. Immersion irrigation will make the roots die of hypoxia for a long time, and drenching water will make the humidity uneven and induce erythema (physiological disease). Drainage should be carried out in time in rainy weather, so as not to be infected with germs and cause the stem meat to rot. Water should be controlled in the garden in winter to enhance the cold resistance of branches.

1, branch spraying: fruit trees with serious diseases,

The variety is completed from early June to winter, and the whole process is divided into three stages: physiological differentiation, morphological differentiation and sexual cell maturation. The flower buds are mixed buds and the inflorescences are corymbose cymes. 5-7 flowers per inflorescence.

bloom and bear fruit—yield positive results

Flowering: The flowering period of apples varies greatly due to different climates. Usually from April to May,

There are 3 ~ 7 flowers in each bud, and the central flower blooms first. Apple is a cross-pollinated plant, and most varieties cannot bear fruit by themselves. The proportion of various fruiting branches varies with the age and species of trees. Usually, young trees have more long fruit branches and middle fruit branches. With the increase of tree age, the proportion of short fruit branches increased rapidly, reaching more than 70% in the full fruit period, and almost all of them were short fruit branches in the aging period. From the variety point of view, Jin Shuai and other varieties have more long fruit branches and medium fruit branches, and varieties such as Starkrimson and Red Fuji have a large proportion of short fruit branches, and varieties such as Liaofu are easy to form axillary buds.

Fruit setting: the normal fruit of apple, each fruit has 5 ventricles, and each ventricle has 2 seeds. During fruit development, seeds secrete hormones to stimulate pulp growth, so pollination is good, seeds are full and full, fruit shape is correct, and pulp is full; On the other hand, on the side with poor seed development or no seed, the pulp becomes thin and deformed, so pollination trees must be arranged to improve the pollination effect. [ 1]

Fruit quality

Apple fruit is a fake fruit developed from ovary and receptacle, in which ovary develops into heart, receptacle develops into meat and embryo develops into seed. The volume expansion of fruit depends on the increase of the number of rapidly dividing cells in the early stage and the volume expansion of cells in the later stage.

The volume expansion of fruit is faster in the middle period to before ripening, slower in the early and late period, and the fruit weight increases fastest in the month before ripening. The length of fruit development period is generally 65 ~ 87 days for early-maturing varieties, 90 ~ 133 days for middle-maturing varieties and 137 ~ 168 days for late-maturing varieties. Fruit color is an important indicator of commodities. The quality of apple coloring is closely related to the accumulation of sugar, the coordination of mineral elements, environmental conditions, and the types and contents of hormones.

Controlling application of nitrogen fertilizer, increasing application of potassium fertilizer, reducing chlorophyll in peel, improving ventilation and light transmission conditions, improving sunshine, good drainage, reducing air humidity and spraying NAA and 2.4-D hormone can all promote apple coloring.

From the appearance of buds to the harvest of fruits, apples usually have four flowers and fruits. The first time in the final flowering period, the pedicel falls off with withering, which is usually called falling flower. The second time, about a week after flower dropping, the ovary is slightly enlarged and lasts for 5 ~ 20 days, which is called early fruit dropping. 7 ~ 14 days after the third and second fruit drop, the fruit has reached the size of thumb nail, which has a great influence on the yield, so it is called physiological fruit drop. Yunnan usually occurs in May, and the phenology in the north is later than that in Yunnan, which occurs in June, so it is called "June fruit drop".

The fourth time, before the fruit is harvested, the mature or nearly mature fruit is dropped, so it is called pre-harvest fruit drop. The first and second falling flowers and fruits are mainly caused by insufficient nutrition and poor pollination and fertilization. The third fruit drop is caused by the fierce competition for nutrients among fruits and the lack of auxin in embryos. Because the osmotic pressure of leaves is greater than that of young fruits, and the power to compete for nutrients is also stronger than that of young fruits, it is necessary to do a good job of coring when pruning.