What measures should China take to effectively deal with climate change and reduce greenhouse gases? Answer with knowledge of economic life.

Suggestions on measures to adapt to global warming trend

In the past century, great changes have taken place in the global climate and environment, which are mainly manifested in the shortage of water resources, the degradation of ecosystems, the intensification of soil erosion, the sharp decline of biodiversity, the depletion of the ozone layer, and the changes in atmospheric composition. It poses a serious threat to human survival and social and economic development, and has attracted extensive attention from governments and the public all over the world.

Global climate change is characterized by global warming, and the climate environment in China has also undergone significant changes. According to the climate model, the global temperature may increase in the future 100/0/.4 ~ 5.8℃, the global average precipitation will change obviously, and the snow and sea ice in the northern hemisphere will be further reduced. Frequency of some extreme weather and climate events (such as high temperature, heavy precipitation, tropical cyclone, etc.). ) will increase; Drought will intensify in many areas and sea level will rise rapidly. By 2 100, the global average sea level may rise by 0.09 ~ 0.88 m compared with 1990.

In 2 1 century, the climate in China may continue to get warmer obviously, especially in winter and the north. The range of warming in China in the last hundred years is 0.5 ~ 0.8℃. In recent 50 years, the annual average temperature in China has increased mainly in the north, and the temperature in the northeast, Inner Mongolia and western basins has increased by more than 2℃. After the climate warming, the frequency of extreme weather and climate events in China tends to be more and stronger, and the high temperature and heat waves in summer increase. Climate change will have some impacts on China's agriculture, such as accelerating crop growth and shortening growth period, which may reduce material accumulation and grain output, thus having a major impact on agriculture, which is the most sensitive department to climate change. The planting system will change, and the layout of main crop varieties will also change. After the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, the international community is under increasing pressure to require developing countries to participate in greenhouse gas emission reduction. As a large developing country, China currently ranks second in the world in carbon dioxide emissions, facing the dual tasks of severe emission reduction and rapid economic development.

According to the actual situation of our country, it is an important task for our country to correctly understand the depth and breadth of the impact of climate change on all aspects, analyze its advantages and disadvantages, and put forward corresponding adaptation and mitigation countermeasures. To this end, we suggest:

First, take measures to adapt to climate change.

In addition to adjusting the production structure and lifestyle according to the spatial pattern and evolution trend of climate and environmental factors such as temperature, water resources, biology, etc., we should also take adaptive countermeasures in water resources, coastal zone, agriculture, forests, grasslands and human health, and pay special attention to choosing "regretless countermeasures and measures" that are conducive to coping with climate and environmental changes and their effects, promoting economic development and social progress, and forming an industrial structure that is conducive to saving resources and protecting the environment.

The influence of global warming should be taken into account when making development plans. For example, according to the climate data of the past 50 years, it is planned to spend 83.06 billion yuan to build 65.438+0.63 million warping dams by 2020, and build a relatively complete river dam system in the main tributaries of the Yellow River. But in fact, due to climate warming, the melting of glaciers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will intensify, and the summer rainfall in the Northwest Plateau will increase significantly, which will not only reduce the role of warping dams, but also cause regional chain collapses and collapses, thus causing major disasters. Therefore, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan must take adaptive measures according to climate change, and seek advantages and avoid disadvantages.

Second, take measures to slow down climate change.

Under the premise of fully considering the country's long-term social and economic development needs, actively take various mitigation measures, adhere to the core technologies for mitigating climate change as priority areas, increase investment in research and development, and accelerate the pace of industrialization of advanced technologies; Implement the energy policy of giving priority to energy conservation, and implement energy conservation management in the whole process of energy production, transportation, processing, transformation and final utilization; Actively develop renewable energy technology, advanced nuclear energy technology, high-efficiency clean and low-emission coal utilization technology and hydrogen energy technology, focusing on breaking through renewable energy power generation technology, solar building integration technology and biomass liquefied gas technology, and actively developing solar photovoltaic power generation technology; Change the mode of economic growth, adhere to the new road of industrialization with high technology content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution and full play to the advantages of human resources; Improve land use and strengthen the protection and management of forest resources. Vigorously promote afforestation in combination with the national key ecological construction comprehensive management project; The strategy of mitigating climate change is coordinated with the national sustainable development strategy. At present, it is the driving force and breakthrough to solve the increasingly serious and urgent problem of environmental pollution and shortage of energy resources in China, promote the implementation of climate change mitigation strategy, and take carbon emission mitigation as an important goal of the national energy strategy.

Third, strengthen scientific research and operational work in the field of climate change.

Due to the diversity of future man-made emission schemes, the uncertainty of climate model, the unpredictability of natural climate change and the complexity of interaction and feedback of various layers and influencing factors in the climate system, the prediction of future climate change contains considerable uncertainty. Strengthening scientific research, constantly improving and improving human understanding of the climate system and its changes, and solving and reducing uncertainties are important tasks for the medical community at present and for a long time to come. It is necessary to deeply understand the interaction and feedback process of each layer in the global climate system, understand the cycle process and mechanism of greenhouse gases and aerosols, and master the methods of climate change detection and prediction. We should deploy and implement a series of major scientific research plans such as China's climate system observation, atmospheric composition observation and climate model system as soon as possible, so as to deepen our understanding of the impact of global climate change, enable us to obtain new observation facts about the impact of global change and human activities on China's climate change strong signal area, and improve the accuracy of future climate change prediction.

(Selected from the topics of the two sessions in 2006)