General situation of traffic, geography and economy in practice area

The practice area is located in Qinhuangdao City, which is located in the northeast of Hebei Province, bordering Bohai Sea in the south and Yanshan Mountains in the north. Its geographical coordinates are 39 24' ~ 40 37' north latitude and118 33' ~119 51'east longitude. Qinhuangdao has jurisdiction over three districts and four counties, namely Haigang District, Shanhaiguan District, Beidaihe District, Changli County, Funing County, lulong county and Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County. Haigang District is the seat of the municipal government, 280 kilometers west of Beijing. Qinhuangdao is an important railway and highway hub between North China and Northeast China. Daqin Railway connects the city with Datong, a coal capital. Expressway, which passes through Qinhuangdao City, was opened at the end of 2000. Qinhuangdao Airport connects Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Harbin, Qingdao, Dalian, Shijiazhuang and other cities.

Qinhuangdao has a variety of landforms, with mountains, hills, plains and coastal zones distributed in a stepped manner from north to south. The mountain belongs to the eastern part of Yanshan Mountains and is distributed in Funing County, northern lulong county and Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County. Most of them are between 200 ~ 1000 m above sea level, and Dushan is 1846m above sea level, which is the main peak in the eastern Yanshan Mountains and the highest peak in China. There are many rivers and more than 300 reservoirs in the hilly and mountainous areas in the north, of which Yanghe Reservoir and Shihe Reservoir are two larger ones. The coastline of Qinhuangdao City is 126.4km long, of which 20.5km is bedrock coast, with widely developed marine erosion landforms, and the rest is sandy coast. The coastline extends from northeast to southwest, and the urban area and Funing and Changli counties are close to the Bohai Sea.

The practice areas include Beidaihe District, Shanhaiguan District and the northeast of Funing County (including Shimenzhai Town, Duzhuang Township and Zhucaoying Township). The northeast of Funing county is located 20 ~ 30 kilometers north of the urban area, and there are roads and railways leading to the urban area. Beidaihe District and Shanhaiguan District are famous tourist areas with convenient transportation (Figure 1. 1).

Figure 1- 1 Traffic location map of the practice area

Liujiang basin, the practice area in the northeast of Funing County, is a hilly basin extending from north to south in the east of Yanshan Mountains, with high northwest and low southeast. The length from north to south is about 20km,10km; It's wide from east to west. The east, west and north sides of the basin are medium and low mountains, and the middle part is dominated by undulating hills. The highest peak is located in the northern part of the basin, at Laojunding, with an altitude of 493m m. The Stone River that passes through the basin flows from northwest to southeast and joins the Bohai Sea at the Old Dragon Head of Shanhaiguan. 1974, shihe reservoir-Yansai Lake was built in Chen Zhuang, the southern edge of the basin, which is one of the main fresh water sources in Qinhuangdao.

Beidaihe District is adjacent to the eastern Yanshan Mountains in the north and the Bohai Sea in the south. It belongs to hilly terrain composed of eroded residual hills, and the highest peak is Lianfeng Mountain (elevation 152.9 m). In the west, Dai River flows from north to south, turns to southeast near the estuary and flows into Bohai Sea. Beidaihe District is located in the north of Daihe River, hence its name. There is a small river-Xinhe in the north of pigeon nest, which flows into Bohai Sea in the north of Eagle Pavilion in pigeon nest, and the bedrock coast runs from Beidaihe seaside to pigeon nest. From the pigeon nest to the northeast to the old dragon head of Shanhaiguan, it is a sandy coast with flat, soft and clean beaches, which is a good bathing beach.

Shanhaiguan district is located in the northeast of the city, with a distance of about 15km. The Bohai Sea is in the southeast, and the old dragon head in the south is where the Shihe River enters the sea. The area is mainly composed of erosion residual hills, alluvial fans and ocean terraces.

The climate of Qinhuangdao belongs to warm temperate and semi-humid monsoon climate. Winter is controlled by Siberian continental air mass, with cold and dry weather, less snowfall and frequent cold waves and strong winds to cool down. Spring is short, the weather is changeable, there is little precipitation, and spring drought often occurs. Summer is hot and rainy due to the influence of subtropical high, but there is no hot period because of ocean regulation. The weather in autumn is sunny, with little precipitation and crisp autumn air. The annual precipitation is 400 ~ 1000 mm, mostly concentrated in July and August. Affected by the maritime climate, the annual temperature difference does not change much. From July to September, the annual average temperature is 10.5℃, the highest temperature is 34.5℃, the lowest temperature is-17.4℃, and the average temperature is 23.8℃. It is a famous summer resort in China. The winter ice age is about 100 days. In the sea area of Qinhuangdao City, because there are few rivers flowing into the sea, the salinity of seawater is high, with an average salinity of 29.83‰ for many years. The seawater is deep, and the Yellow Sea warm current flows through this sea area, thus making Qinhuangdao Port a famous ice-free port in northern China.

Agriculture in Qinhuangdao mainly grows wheat, corn, sorghum, peanuts, fruits and vegetables, with only a small amount of rice. In recent ten years, animal husbandry and forestry have made great progress. In 1998, the output value of animal husbandry accounted for 3 1.5% of the total agricultural output value, and the forest coverage rate increased from 27% in 1986 to 30.2%. The fishing industry is prosperous, mainly in the spring flood season from April to June, and shrimps and crabs are caught in the autumn flood season from August to 65438+1October. The scale of shallow sea aquaculture and seafood processing has gradually expanded.

In recent ten years, Qinhuangdao's industry has developed rapidly, and it has become an important industrial city in Hebei Province, including building materials, machinery and electronics, railway bridge manufacturing, metallurgy, chemistry, electric power, textile and other industries, mining and light industry, among which Shanhaiguan Bridge Factory, which is well-known in China, and China Hua Yao Glass Group Company, the largest float glass manufacturer in China. Qinhuangdao city is rich in mineral resources, and more than 40 kinds of coal, gold, lead, copper, iron, zinc, refractory clay, graphite and marble have been proved. Many kinds of coal, gold, iron, bentonite and limestone have been mined 10. Qinhuangdao port is a national first-class port and the main port for transporting coal from north to south and exporting kerosene in China. 1998 cargo throughput reached 77.922 million tons. Nowadays, the national economy and social undertakings in Qinhuangdao are developing in a stable and healthy situation.