Why do you want to make a weather forecast?

1. Weather forecast is to predict the weather conditions in a certain period in the future by applying the law of atmospheric change and according to the current and recent weather situation. It is based on the analysis of satellite cloud images and weather maps, combined with the comprehensive study of meteorological data, terrain and seasonal characteristics, and mass experience. For example, the satellite cloud image of China Central Meteorological Observatory was taken by Fengyun-1 meteorological satellite made in China. Using satellite cloud images for analysis can improve the accuracy of weather forecast. Weather forecast is usually divided into three types: short-term weather forecast (2 ~ 3 days), medium-term weather forecast (4 ~ 9 days) and long-term weather forecast (10 ~ 15 days or more). CCTV mainly broadcasts short-term weather forecast every day.

The main contents of weather forecast are the future rain, maximum and minimum temperature, wind direction and wind force and special disastrous weather in a region or city. As far as China is concerned, meteorological stations can accurately predict the location and intensity of natural disasters such as cold waves, typhoons and rainstorms, and can directly serve industrial and agricultural production and people's lives. With the development of productive forces and the progress of science and technology, the scope of human activities has been expanded unprecedentedly, and the impact on nature has been increasing, so weather forecast has become an indispensable and important information in modern society.

According to meteorological observation data, the principles and methods of meteorology, dynamic meteorology and statistics are applied to make a qualitative or quantitative forecast of the weather conditions in a certain area or a certain place in the future. This is an important goal of atmospheric science research. It is of great significance to people's lives.

2. That is to predict the changes of temperature, wind, clouds, precipitation and weather phenomena in a certain period of time in the future.

3. The acid precipitation with pH less than 5.65 polluted by acid gas in the atmosphere is called acid rain. Acid rain is mainly caused by man-made release of a large number of acidic substances into the atmosphere.

It can directly kill large areas of forests and make crops wither; It will also inhibit the decomposition of organic matter and the fixation of nitrogen in the soil, leach nutrients such as calcium, magnesium and potassium combined with soil ions, and make the soil barren; It can also acidify lakes and rivers, dissolve heavy metals in soil and water sediments into water, and poison fish; Accelerate the corrosion and weathering process of buildings and cultural relics; May endanger human health.

The impact of acid rain is most obvious in Europe and the northeastern United States, and it is widely known, but the threatened areas also include Canada, and perhaps the California Mountains, Loki Mountains and China. In some places, it is occasionally observed that the falling rain is as sour as vinegar. The influence of acid rain is a controversial topic. The harm to aquatic organisms in lakes and rivers was initially the focus of attention, but now people have realized that the harm to buildings, bridges and equipment is another costly consequence of acid rain. The impact of polluted air on human health is the most difficult to determine quantitatively.

Lakes with poor buffering capacity suffer the most. When there is a natural alkaline buffer, the acidic compounds (mainly sulfuric acid, nitric acid and a small amount of organic acids) in acid rain will be neutralized. However, lakes on granite (acidic) strata are vulnerable to direct harm, because the acid in rainwater can dissolve metal ions such as aluminum and manganese. This will reduce the growth of plants and algae, and in some lakes, it will also lead to the decrease or disappearance of fish populations. The damage caused by this form of pollution to plants ranges from harmful effects on leaves to damage to fine roots.

In the northeastern United States, the main consideration for reducing pollutants is those coal-fired power plants that burn high sulfur content. One possible remedy is chemical scrubber, which can prevent pollutants from being discharged. Chemical scrubber is a kind of equipment used to treat waste gas, or dissolve, or precipitate, or eliminate pollutants. Catalysts can reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from stationary and mobile sources, which is another example that chemistry can play a role in improving air quality.