I am in Chaoshan area of Guangdong. I have a mountainous area with an area of about 200 mu. This land is fertile. What medicinal materials and crops with economic value can be planted?

I suggest you plant panax notoginseng. Notoginseng can almost be seen in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions now. It has a wide range of uses and a particularly good curative effect. The price of panax notoginseng is getting higher and higher, and the supply is in short supply. In Guangdong, there is such a good atmosphere of Chinese medicine. The quantity of panax notoginseng you planted is sure to be sold.

In addition, Panax notoginseng can also be planted in Guangdong, but it will take a long time to look after it.

The relevant information is as follows. Take a look for your reference. In addition, it is suggested that you plant this medicinal material and go to other cultivation places for research and investigation. The same is true of other things.

Plant origin

Wenshan in Yunnan, Wuzhou in Guangxi, Jiangxi and Sichuan are also cultivated. Wenshan, Yunnan has a long history, large output and excellent quality. It is an authentic and precious Chinese herbal medicine.

There is another legend about Sanqi:

In ancient times, a young man named Zhang Er got a disease, and his mouth and nose were bleeding, but despite many treatments, it was still ineffective. One day, a doctor named Tian passed by. He took out the root of an herb and ground it into powder for Zhang Er to swallow. It wasn't long before the bleeding stopped. Zhang Er's family was very grateful and asked the doctor to leave the seeds of this magical herb.

A year later, Zhang Erjia's herbs grew very luxuriantly. As it happens, the only daughter of the magistrate's adult was bleeding heavily, and many treatments did not improve, so we had to post a notice: we can cure the sick daughter and recruit her as a husband. When Zhang Er heard about it, he brought his own herbs. Without saying anything, he took out the herbs and ground them into powder for the young lady to take. Who knows that in less than an hour, the young lady died. The judge was furious and ordered Zhang Er to be tied up and tortured. He was forced to tell the truth. The magistrate immediately arrested Dr. Tian and convicted him of "murder". On the day of execution, Dr. Tian had no choice but to explain to the county magistrate who personally supervised the beheading: "This herbal medicine is effective for all kinds of blood diseases, but it will take three to seven years to be effective. The drugs used in Zhang Er are only one year old and have no medicinal properties. Of course, I can't save the young lady. " Then he asked the officer for a sharp knife and made a cut on his thigh. The blood is DC's. He took the powder out of the medicine bag, took it for internal and external use, and immediately stopped the scab in the stool. Everyone present was shocked, and the magistrate regretted it and had to let Dr. Tian go. In order to remember this painful lesson, people named this medicine "Sanqi", which means that it must grow for 3 ~ 7 years to be useful. Because this medicine was handed down by Dr. Tian, in some parts of our country, Panax notoginseng is also called "Tianqi".

Artificial cultivation

Overview of planting

Panax notoginseng, which originated in Tertiary, is an ancient tropical remnant plant with a very narrow distribution range, which is mainly related to its physiological and ecological adaptability to the environment.

Panax notoginseng is a perennial herb with a growth cycle every year. Usually, Panax notoginseng over two years has two growth peaks in a growth cycle, namely, the vegetative growth peak from April to June and the reproductive peak of 8- 10. The germination temperature of Panax notoginseng seeds is10-

30℃, the optimum temperature is 20℃, and the dormancy period of seeds is 45-60 days. During dormancy, seedlings need a period of low temperature treatment to germinate and are very sensitive to light. Traditionally, it is believed that normal growth and development need 30% natural light, so the shade shed of Panax notoginseng has the saying of "30% light transmission and 70% shade"; According to the latest research, the optimum light transmittance of Panax notoginseng shed is 8%- 12%, and exceeding 17% will adversely affect the growth of Panax notoginseng!

Notoginseng needs more than three years from sowing to harvesting; The roots of one-year-old Panax notoginseng are usually used as seedlings, and the plants in the second year can blossom and bear fruit. Generally, it germinates in July, blooms in August, and bears fruit in September. The fruit ripens in batches from 10 to1.

The main producing area of Panax notoginseng in Yunnan Province is located in the low latitude plateau. The climate is characterized by long summer and warm winter, sufficient heat and small annual temperature difference. The annual average temperature is 15.8- 19.3℃ (reference room of Yunnan Meteorological Bureau, 1982), and the daily temperature is low except from mid-February to mid-February of the following year. The annual average of the lowest temperature is 0-2℃, the annual average daily temperature is ≥ 10℃ for 265-307 days, and the annual effective accumulated temperature reaches 4863.7-6436.8℃. In summer, due to the concentrated rainfall, the solar radiation drops obviously, and the average temperature from June to August is 265,438+0.5-22.5℃. Suitable temperature and moisture conditions provide a superior natural environment for the growth and development of Panax notoginseng. The average monthly temperature in winter is 1 1℃, and the aboveground growth has stopped, but the ground temperature of 5cm remains 14℃ (regional average), which is the reason why the stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng can still maintain vitality in winter. Higher ground temperature is beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients in roots, especially to the morphological development of post-mature seeds planted in soil, and the post-mature period of seeds can last through winter. This unique natural ecological environment is a favorable factor for Wenshan to develop Sanqi production.

The terrain of Sanqi production area is complex, the terrain fluctuates greatly, and the vertical difference of temperature is obvious. Winter and spring (65438+February to April of the following year) and late summer and early autumn (8-65438+1October) are affected by atmospheric circulation cold air, resulting in short-term, local frost and low-temperature disasters, especially low-temperature chilling injury. Although there was no snow and frost, the temperature did not drop to 0℃. In the production area below 500 meters above sea level in Funing County, the temperature is high in summer, and the temperature tends to rise due to the effect of foehn and local circulation, and the weather with the highest daily temperature ≥35℃ may occur, and the evaporation will be intensified, which will easily cause the plants to wither. In case of the above two situations, we must take appropriate measures to minimize the losses.

Through the cultivation practice, it is known that during the growth of Panax notoginseng, diffuse light should be accepted to avoid direct sunlight.

Panax notoginseng is a typical shade plant, and this ecological habit is consistent with the organizational structure of Panax notoginseng itself. Seven farmers with rich production experience have light conditions suitable for the growth and development of Panax notoginseng, which are roughly 30% transparent and 70% opaque. In practice, it varies according to the age of Panax notoginseng plants and the need for light transmission in different growth periods. According to the climatic conditions and growth characteristics in a year, the light transmittance of the garden can be adjusted by adjusting the shading density on the ceiling. For example, the first ten days of May is the early stage of the growth of all kinds of Panax notoginseng seedlings. At this time, there is less annual precipitation, stronger solar radiation and longer sunshine hours. In order to maintain the normal growth of Panax notoginseng seedlings at this stage, the shading degree should be appropriately increased, and the light transmittance in the shed is about 25-30%. After entering the rainy season, due to the increase of cloud cover, the atmospheric humidity increases, the sunshine hours are less than those in spring, and the total radiation is lower. At this time, Sanqi is entering a vigorous growth period. At this time, it is advisable to reduce shading and increase light in the garden, and the transmittance can be increased to 40%. The specific control of shading in the garden depends on the local actual situation at that time, and it is forbidden to copy it mechanically.

The climate of Sanqi production area is the same as that of the whole province, and the dry and wet seasons are very obvious. Wenshan is rich in annual precipitation, with an average of 10/0163mm. The southern area exceeds 1300mm. The growth and development of Panax notoginseng needs a relatively humid environment, the normal growth of plants needs to maintain 25-40% soil humidity, and the relative humidity in Panax notoginseng garden requires 70-80%. In the rainy season, more than 80% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in May -65438+ 10, during which the park can rely on atmospheric precipitation. In some areas, the amount of soil infiltration is large. As long as there is no precipitation for a long time, drought may occur. The park needs artificial watering to maintain a certain humidity. Manual adjustment of humidity is mainly in winter and spring. At this time, the weather is clear, the sunshine is abundant, the precipitation is scarce and the wind speed is high, the evaporation is strong, and the soil moisture decreases rapidly. At this time, in addition to artificial watering, we must also pay attention to proper field management. We can keep the humidity in the garden by covering grass and adjusting the crown. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the special requirements of Panax notoginseng seedlings for water at different growth and development stages, such as from sowing to leaf opening stage, new shoot seedling stage, green fruit to red fruit stage and so on. In case of drought, we must fight drought and water to prevent physiological drought, which will directly affect the harvest of red seeds.

The annual precipitation varies from place to place, which must be determined according to the local specific conditions. At the same time, when selecting and constructing Sanqi Garden, the water source condition should be considered as an important issue. In years or areas with more annual precipitation, flood control and drainage should be done well after heavy rain or rainstorm, and the accumulated water in the park should be eliminated in time. If the garden is flooded for a long time, it will directly endanger the survival of plants and may lead to the death of the roots of Panax notoginseng. When the relative humidity in the park is too high, it is easy to cause various diseases, which can not be ignored in daily management. It is the foundation of the survival of Sanqi. Plants get necessary water, nutrients, air and heat through soil. The structure, fertility and permeability of soil directly affect the growth and development of Panax notoginseng. Panax notoginseng is planted in eight counties of Wenshan Prefecture, and the difference in altitude between producing areas is significant. There is a Panax notoginseng planting area at an altitude of 340- 1800 meters. The spatial differences of heat, water and soil are prominent, which directly affect the hydrothermal conditions in some areas. In addition, the types of parent rocks are diverse, and the soil texture and soil fertility are naturally different.

Notoginseng can almost grow in acidic red soil and yellow soil with high viscosity and poor permeability and pH value of 4.5-5.6, and can also grow in black sandy loam with pH value close to neutral, which is completely the result of long-term artificial production activities. Through ploughing, fertilization, irrigation, crop rotation and other production methods, the soil structure has been improved to some extent, and the soil fertility has been improved, which is also the reason for the difference in the growth and yield of Panax notoginseng in new and old production areas. Therefore, in the development of Panax notoginseng production, the use of soil should pay equal attention to both cultivation and use, and reasonable fertilization should be carried out according to the characteristics of soil quality and fertility in this area. Through the correct farming methods, the conditions of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil are coordinated, so as to create suitable living conditions for microorganisms, accelerate the mineralization of organic matter, promote the increase of nutrients, gradually improve the soil structure, improve soil fertility and prevent soil degradation. Especially in mountainous areas where irrigation is difficult, soil fertility is gradually improved by strengthening field management, adjusting nutrient status and making the soil develop in a direction conducive to human activities.

cultivation techniques

1 site selection and soil preparation: gentle slope with good drainage and gradient of 5- 15 degrees and humus or sandy loam rich in organic matter should be selected. Farmland frontier

Corn, peanuts or beans are all suitable, and Solanaceae is not suitable as the previous crop. After the plot is selected, it should be fallow for one to six months and ploughed for many times, with a depth of 15 ~ 20cm to promote soil weathering. Where conditions permit, soil disinfection can be carried out by spreading grass, burning soil or applying lime 100 kg per mu before ploughing. For the last time, 5000 kg of fully decomposed manure and 50 kg of cake fertilizer were applied per mu, leveled and ploughed, with the border facing south, width 1.2- 1.5 m and spacing of 50- 150 cm.

2 Breeding method: Breeding with seeds.

(1) Seed selection and seed treatment: In10-1month every year, the fully shaded, mature and red fruits of 3-4-year-old plants are selected, picked, placed on a bamboo screen, peeled off, washed and dried. Soak seeds 10 minute with 800 times solution of new high-fat film for disinfection (which can be mixed with seed coating agent), drive away underground pests and diseases, isolate virus infection, and do not affect germination and imbibition function, strengthen respiratory intensity and improve seed germination rate. Panax notoginseng seeds are easy to lose vitality after drying, so they should be collected or preserved in layers.

(2) Sowing: scribe with a tool, sow at a spacing of 6 cm× 5 cm, then evenly spread a layer of mixed fertilizer (mixed with decomposed farm manure or other fertilizers), and cover the border with a layer of straw to keep the border moist and inhibit the growth of weeds, with 70,000-65,438+seeds per mu, equivalent to 65,438 fruits.

If we use the method of covering silver-gray plastic film after sowing and watering, we can obviously increase production, save water and fertilizer.

(3) Seedling management and transplanting: In dry weather, water frequently, drain water in time after rain and weed regularly. Phosphate fertilizer is usually the main topdressing at seedling stage, and it is usually topdressing three times, the first time in March after the seedlings grow completely, and the last two times in May and July respectively. The canopy light transmittance at seedling stage should be adjusted according to the change of light intensity in different seasons. Panax notoginseng seedlings are transplanted after one year, generally from June 65438+February to June 65438+1October of the following year. It is required to pick up seedlings, select seedlings and transplant. When rooting, prevent damage to root strips and spores. When selecting seedlings, the sick, injured and weak seedlings should be eliminated and cultivated in different grades. Panax notoginseng seedlings are divided into three levels according to the size and weight of roots: 1000 roots weighing more than 2 kg are the first level; The weight of one thousand roots 1.5 ~ 2kg is Grade II; 1.5 kg is level 3. Transplanting row spacing:18cm×15 ~18cm for the first and second grades; The third grade is 15cm× 15cm. The seedlings should be disinfected before planting. Dip the root with 300 times zineb, take it out and dry it immediately after dipping, and plant it in time.

3 Site management

(1) Weeding and ridging: Panax notoginseng is a shallow-rooted plant, and its roots are mostly distributed in the surface layer of 15 cm, so it is not suitable for intertillage to avoid damaging the roots. Weeds along the border should be removed in time after the seedlings are unearthed. When weeding, if you find roots and roots exposed on the ground, you should cultivate the soil.

(2) Water spraying and drainage: In dry season, water should be sprayed frequently to keep the border moist, and also sprayed when spraying water, so that plants will not lodging. In the rainy season, especially after the heavy rain, the accumulated water should be removed in time to prevent diseases such as root rot.

(3) Set up a shed to adjust the light transmittance: Sanqi is fond of shade, and artificial cultivation needs to set up a shed to shade it. The height of the grid is1.5 ~1.8m, and a side shed is set around the shed. The shed materials are all made from local materials. Generally, prefabricated rows of wood or cement are used as shed columns, wire is pulled at the top of the grid to make beams, and bamboo is woven into squares to pave the shed roof. The light transmission in the shed has a close influence on the growth and development of Panax notoginseng. Too little light transmission, thin plants, prone to pests and diseases, less flowering and fruiting; When the leaves become Huang Shi due to excessive light transmission, early wilting is easy to occur. Generally, we should master the principle of "sparse before dense", that is, the light transmittance is 60% ~ 70% in spring, slightly smaller in summer, 45% ~ 50%, and gradually expanded to 50% ~ 60% when the temperature turns cold in autumn.

(4) Top dressing: Top dressing of Panax notoginseng should master the principle of "multiple times and small amount". Generally, after the seedlings germinate, plant ash is applied 2-3 times, 50- 100 kg per mu to promote the growth and health of the seedlings. From April to May, 65,438+0 times of mixed organic fertilizer (manure, plant ash 2: 65,438+0) was applied, with an amount of 2,000 kg per mu, and 65,438+05 kg of calcium superphosphate was applied to the seed-reserved plots to promote fruit fullness. After clearing the garden in winter, the yield per mu will be 2000-3000 kg.

(5) Bolting: In order to prevent unnecessary nutrient consumption and supply underground root system growth, all bolting is carried out in July, and the medicinal plant Gendalin is sprayed on the leaves, so that the photosynthetic products (nutrients) on the leaves are transported to the roots, the nutrient conversion rate and soil loosening ability are improved, the roots expand rapidly, the medicinal content is greatly improved, and the yield of Panax notoginseng is increased. Capture should be done on a sunny day.