What is the origin of the pressure unit column? Thank you for asking modestly.

Blaise Pascal (Pascal 1623— 1662) is a famous French mathematician, physicist, philosopher and essayist. His outstanding contribution to physics was that Pascal's law was first put forward in 1653, for which he wrote a famous paper on liquid equilibrium and discussed the transfer of liquid pressure in detail. All kinds of hydraulic machinery made by applying this law have created countless miracles for mankind, and the intuitionistic principle he established has influenced some later philosophers, such as Rousseau and Bergson.

1623 June 19 was born in clermont-ferrand, Auvigne Province, ranking third among brothers and sisters, and the only boy in the family. Pascal's mother died when he was three years old. Father Aikina is the president of the local court. He is knowledgeable and versatile. When I was eight, my family moved to Paris.

Pascal had no formal school education. His mother died when he was four years old, and his father and two sisters, who were highly educated and served as government officials, were responsible for his education and training. His father is a respected mathematician. Under his careful education, Pascal was proficient in Euclidean geometry at an early age. He independently discovered the first 32 theorems of Euclid, and the order was completely correct. 12 years old, he found that "the sum of the angles in the triangle is equal to 180 degrees" and began to learn mathematics from his father. Pascal moved to Paris with his family in 163 1. Father found Pascal promising. At the age of 65,438+06, he took him to attend the academic activities of the group of mathematicians and physicists in Paris (the predecessor of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris) with love, which opened his eyes. At the age of 65,438+07, Pascal wrote the article "The Theory of Cone Section" with a high level of mathematics, which was the result of his study of De Salgues's classic works on integral projective geometry. Descartes firmly did not believe that children aged 16 could write such a book, and Pascal in turn denied the value of Descartes' analytic geometry.

Pascal moved to Rouen with his family in 164 1. From 1642 to 1644, Pascal invented the adder, which is the earliest calculator in the world and is now on display in the French Museum.

Pascal family believed in Catholicism before 1646. Because of his father's illness, he came into contact with deeper religious beliefs, which had a great influence on his later life. Pascal corresponded with mathematician Fermat. Together, they solved the problem sent by an upper-class gambler and amateur philosopher. He can't figure out why he always loses money when there is some combination of three dice. In the process of solving this problem, they laid the foundation of modern probability theory. From 65438 to 0653, Pascal devoted himself to the study of vacuum and hydrostatics, and achieved a series of great achievements.

1647 returned to Paris to live. According to Torricelli's theory, he did a lot of experiments, and the experiment in 1647 caused a sensation in Paris. He himself said that the fundamental guiding ideology of his experiment is to oppose the traditional concept that "nature hates vacuum". From 1647 to 1648, he published papers on vacuum. His research and work in vacuum further enhanced his reputation. 1648, Pascal conceived and carried out the experiment of measuring atmospheric pressure at different heights in the same area, and found that atmospheric pressure increased with the decrease of height. In recent years, Pascal made new discoveries in his experiments and made many important inventions, such as the invention of syringe and hydraulic press, and the improvement of Torricelli mercury barometer.

From 1649 to 165 1, Pascal and his collaborator Pierre measured the changes of atmospheric pressure in detail at the same place, and became pioneers in weather forecasting with barometer. 165 1 year, Pascal began to summarize his experimental results. 1654, he wrote a paper on liquid balance and air weight, which was officially published in 1663. Pascal then turned to theological research, and 1655 entered Petraeus' theological center. Starting from skepticism, he thinks that perceptual and rational knowledge are unreliable, and thus draws the conclusion that faith is above everything else.

Pascal was weak from childhood and was plagued by illness because of overwork. But it was during the period of 165 1 ~ 1654 that he worked nervously in science and wrote many papers on liquid balance, Pascal's calculator, the weight and density of air, and arithmetic triangle. The latter paper became the basis of probability theory. During the period of 1655~ 1659, he also wrote many religious works. In his later years, he was suggested to publish the research results on wheel lines, so he was immersed in scientific interest again. However, since February of 1659, his illness has worsened, and he can't work normally, nor can he be satisfied with his pious religious life. Finally, he died in great pain.

Pascal died in August of 1662 at the age of 39. In order to commemorate Pascal's contribution, later generations named the unit of pressure after him, abbreviated as Pa, with the symbol PA.