What did Zheng Chenggong rely on to recover Taiwan Province Province?

Zheng Jun's operational preparation and policy.

In order to recover Taiwan Province, Zheng Chenggong had to cross the sea and fight hard, so he made full and careful preparations. In addition to constantly understanding the enemy's situation through various reconnaissance means and preparing military pay in many ways, Zheng Jun focused on training and shipbuilding. In order to improve the ability of crossing the sea, Zheng Chenggong made preparations in the following three aspects.

1, reorganize troops

Zheng Chenggong's army developed and expanded after more than ten years of war on the basis of uniting various anti-Qing forces and rebels. The main components of the army are bankrupt farmers and fishermen in Fujian and Guangdong. In order to adapt to large-scale cross-sea operations, Zheng successfully reorganized his troops. The organization adopts the five-five system. Zheng Chenggong first changed the garrison area into five garrison areas, namely Zuowuxu Town, Youwuxu Town (adapted from Qinding Town, Zuorongqi Town and Zuowu Township), Zuo Hu Town, Youwuxu Town (adapted from Zuowuxiaoqi Town) and Liuan Yixu Town (under the jurisdiction of Qinsuiqian and Zuowuzhongwuying), and each town has a company commander. Secondly, in addition to the pro-army, there are five armies: the front, the back, the left, the right and the middle, which are the main forces in the battle. Set up a member of the governor's five armies. Complete control of five armies. Each army has a prefect who is in charge of the army's campaign, and there is also a prime minister's prison camp and a left and right assistant prison camp to assist the prefect. Below the army is the town. There are Wuchang Town, Wubing Town, Wuxing Town, Wuyuan Town, Wuchong Town and Wuxuan Town. There are also towns in the navy, including five towns before, after, middle, left and right, five towns before, after, middle, left and right, and one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine and ten towns in the navy. In addition, there is a 28-night camp directly under the central government. Each town has a town commander, a supervisor, a camp supervisor, an array supervisor and a military commander. Below the town are associations, and each town has five associations, namely, front, back, left, right and middle, which are led by the general of the association. Each association has five chief foreman, and the chief foreman has two deputy foreman. The assistant foreman is responsible to the monitor and emergency officer. The squad leader and emergency officer have 50 soldiers. In addition to the original officers and men, each warship in each town of the water army is equipped with 40 marines on a large scale, 20 on a medium scale and 10 on a small scale for landing operations. Before attacking Taiwan Province, Zheng Jun had 72 land divisions (72,000 people per town/kloc-0, 72,000 people) and 20 naval towns, with a total land and water force of several hundred thousand people. In addition, tens of thousands of people are armed. Zheng Jun is a battle-hardened army with strong fighting capacity. The water army is the backbone of Zheng Jun, because Zheng Chenggong is a member of the water army. Many fishermen were born, braved the wind and rain and fought bravely and tenaciously. When they were under their father Zheng Zhilong, they defeated the Dutch navy at sea many times. Zheng Chenggong won the Taiwan Province Landing War by relying on such an army.

2. Supervise the construction of warships

Zheng Chenggong has always attached importance to the construction of the water army and has a strong water army. In order to recover Taiwan Province, Zheng Chenggong built warships according to the principle of combining combat missions with large, medium and small ones. There are eight kinds of boats, such as big annoying boat, water boat, plow boat, sand boat, bird tail boat, oolong boat, shovel boat and fast whistle. The annoying boat and the water friend boat are made according to the style of the lucky boat and the western plywood boat. 2 fathoms wide (ancient unit of length; Eight feet), 89 feet high, with a draft of 65,438+0.2 feet. The ship was covered with iron leaves and leather curtains. The gun crossbow is used in the middle of the air door, and a waterwheel is set next to it, which is not afraid of wind and waves. Ploughboats and sand boats draft seven or eight feet. The above four types of warships are all tall and strong, with 500 soldiers for big annoying ships and water ships, and 0/00 soldiers for plow ships and sand ships. Each ship is equipped with long-range artillery, which has good navigation performance and combat performance and is the main battleship of the water army. Black-tailed boats, bird-dragon boats and shovel boats, with a draft of six or seven feet and a capacity of fifty or sixty people, are used for offshore operations. The fast whistle has a shallow draft, and the left and right oars are 16, which is fast and maneuverable, and is suitable for reconnaissance and communication. In landing operations, it is used to transfer landing soldiers and carry out surprise landing. The weapons of warships are big annoying guns and spiritual annoying guns, both of which are made of copper and installed at the bow; Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and the ancient philosophers' guns are between the two sides of the ship. These are heavy weapons. Light weapons include magic spears, thousand flowers spears, hundred flowers spears, shotguns, deer spears, renju rockets, nozzles, cupping cups, Japanese knives, Yunnan broadswords, wooden sticks and so on. The command and communication tool of Zheng Chenggong's water army was originally a golden drum. Later, because soldiers often couldn't hear the sound signal clearly because they wore helmets and armor with sound, they used flags, lights, guns and rockets, such as hanging a red flag when they entered the army, hanging a white flag when they retired, mooring 1 hair, and 3 rockets. Zheng Chenggong grew up at sea and knew that warships and weapons were the main conditions for winning at sea. We started with only 16 warships. After more than ten years of construction, Zheng Chenggong's water army already has a considerable number of warships. In order to recover Taiwan Province, Zheng Chenggong paid more attention to shipbuilding and strengthening the water army. When the local people heard that they were going to recover Taiwan Province Province, they also came to offer ships, materials and shipbuilding. It took only two months to build more than 300 warships, which, together with the original warships, basically met the needs of cross-sea operations.

3. Strengthen training.

Shortly after Zheng Chenggong started the anti-Qing war, he began large-scale training. He believes: "We should strive for perfection in choosing generals and training soldiers ... this is the key to winning." To this end, water exercise platforms, martial arts gymnasiums and martial arts pools were set up in Xiamen and other places to personally supervise the exercises, and the Law on Joint Exercises in Cities and Towns and the Law on Naval Water Exercises were formulated and promulgated for the whole army to follow. The training of the water army is particularly strict. "The display is slender, and the law advances and retreats." After strict training, the officers and men of the water army can "jump up and down in the stormy waves, like a flat ground, as agile as flying." With such a water army with strong fighting capacity, landing across the sea is guaranteed to win. In February of the 18th year of Shunzhi (166 1), Zheng Chenggong basically completed the pre-war preparations and moved from Xiamen to Kinmen. Zheng Chenggong ordered his son Zheng Jing and some generals to stay in Xiamen to prevent the Qing army from taking advantage of it; Zhou Quanbin and Xiao marched into Taiwan Province. The Taiwan attack fleet is divided into two echelons: Zheng Chenggong led the first echelon to set out ahead of time, with hundreds of warships and transport ships and about 20 thousand troops; The second echelon was commanded by Huang An and others, with more than 20 ships and 6,000 soldiers. Taiwan Province Island is high in the east and low in the west, with a population gathering in the west. "Penghu is the gateway, deer ears are the throat, and Qikun is adjacent to the environment." According to the enemy's situation and terrain, Zheng Chenggong put forward the following operational guidelines: firstly, recover Penghu as a forward base, then enter the port through Luermen and land by high tide, cut off the contact between the Dutch army in Taiwan Province Province and Chikanta, and surround it, and finally recover the whole island of Taiwan Province Province. At that time, Wu Hao, Huang Ting and others in Xuanwu Houzhen thought that the Luermen waterway was narrow, the water was shallow and difficult to cross, and the enemy ships were densely covered with Taijiang and battery, so it was difficult to land, so they disagreed with this plan. Most generals, such as Lieutenant Yang Chaodong and Chen Yonghua who joined the army, agreed to this plan. Zheng Chenggong's final decision is still implemented according to this plan.

[Edit this paragraph] 4. The process of fighting

1, cross Luermen and land at Heliao Port.

On the first day of March in the 18th year of Shunzhi (166 1), Zheng Chenggong held a grand swearing-in ceremony of "offering sacrifices to the river" in Jinmen, expressing his firm determination to recover Taiwan Province Province. On March 23, Zheng Chenggong led the first echelon to set sail from Luowan, Jinmen, led by Hong Xuan, a guerrilla from Penghu. Zheng Jun's fleet is mighty, heading for Penghu. The next morning, it crossed the treacherous black ditch and arrived in Penghu. Every part of Zheng Jun was stationed in Penghu Islands, waiting for the smooth entry into Taiwan Province Province. When people on the island heard that Zheng Chenggong had recovered Taiwan's army, they came to offer their condolences with fish, shrimp, pigs and sheep, and volunteered to be the guide of the pioneer ship.

On March 27, the water army continued to sail. When it reached the surface of Citrus Island, it was blocked by wind and rain and was forced to turn back. During the waiting period, Zheng Chenggong inspected the topography of the island and issued an order reaffirming the purpose of attacking Taiwan Province. He said in the order: "Benfan is determined to recover and is eager to rejuvenate. The former started from the north and hated the lack of soil; With tens of thousands of pounds, I'm afraid it's hard to live on the island. Therefore, braving the wind and waves, we want to open an dissatisfied area, temporarily send troops and wait for the opportunity, not because we covet overseas and Yan' an. "He also encouraged the generals to join the army." Don't be afraid of the red cannon, but watch the direction of the team leader (referring to the ship) file in. (Jiang Risheng: Waiji, Taiwan Province Province) But for several days, the wind and rain continued. Food supply has also been very difficult, although people on the island also give their own rations to the troops, but this is a drop in the bucket. If we stay in Penghu, not only will the troops stop cooking, but the landing time will also be delayed. Therefore, despite the dissuasion of some generals, Zheng Chenggong took the initiative and decided to sail in the rain.

On the evening of March 30th, Zheng Chenggong, Chen Guang, Fu Lin and Zhang Zai, with 3000 troops and 12 ship, stationed in Penghu and led the navy to set sail. "Successful ride (command ship), put up a handsome flag, five columns, Yi Long hanging in the middle, three shots, golden drums deafening. Let Hongxuan take the boat to the port and go east first. Zhuti Town is filed in turn. " (Jiang Risheng: The Story of Taiwan Province Province, Volume 11) At this time, "the wind and rain are a little shorter. However, the waves did not stop, which was extremely thrilling; After the third night, the clouds and rain closed, the weather was fine, and the wind drove ("Records of the First King"), crossing the strait.

At dawn on the first day of April, Zheng Jun's fleet arrived outside Luermen Port. Zheng Chenggong changed a boat, boarded the tail of the northern line from Luermen, surveyed the terrain, and sent soldiers who could dive into Taijiang for reconnaissance. There are two ways to enter Taijiang: one is Nantong Road between Shen Kun and the tail island of the northern line, which is wide in mouth and deep in water, but it is difficult to pass because it is defended by enemy ships and overlooked by land artillery. The other is the Luermen Waterway at the northern end of Beiwei Island. There is a narrow waterline at Beihang crossing, and there is silt in the water. The ship broke when it touched, and the Dutch army was blocked by the sunken ship. Only when the tide is high can it pass. So the Dutch army is unguarded. According to the tidal situation in this area, the first and sixteenth days are spring tides, and the water level is five or six feet higher than usual. Zheng Jun is eager to set sail from Penghu in order to cross Deer's Ear Gate at the first spring tide. At noon that day, the Luermen waterway did have a high tide. "I was ecstatic about my success, drumming, waving flags and beautifully following the ships behind me. He also ordered He Bin to sit at the bucket head, return to the road according to the map, teach the water explorer to point the pole, take a leisurely walk, turn the rudder and sail ",and successfully passed Luermen (Jiang Risheng: Waiji, Taiwan Province Province) and entered Taijiang. The Dutch army thought that Zheng Jun would attack directly from the southern channel, so they only set up artillery on the shore of the southern channel. After Zheng Jun unexpectedly entered the Taijiang River from Luermen, the Dutch colonists panicked in the face of Zheng Jun warships scattered on the river, sent plywood boats to stop the attack, and fired at Chikanta Fort. That night, Zheng Jun broke through the firepower of the Dutch army, landed in Heliao Port in less than 2 hours, set up camp, and prepared to attack Chikanta from the side. At the same time, they also landed at Luermen and camped in case the enemy attacked the northern line. Seeing Zheng Jun's arrival, Han and Gaoshan ethnic groups in Taiwan Province Province scrambled to "come out to meet them and help them ashore with trucks and other tools". Gao Shannan North Road village compatriots have heard the news, "Men and women make a pot of milk, and those who meet get in the way" ("Records of the First King"), which shows that the people of Taiwan Province Province warmly welcome and respond to the enthusiasm of the motherland's army to recover Taiwan Province Province. With the strong support of the people of Taiwan Province Province, Zheng Jun landed smoothly, creating a favorable situation of dividing and encircling the enemy.

2. The Marine Corps crossed the Taijiang River and landed at Chikanta.

After Zheng Jun landed successfully, Chikanta, Taiwan Province Province and some warships, the strongholds of the Dutch invaders, were in a state of division and siege, and the fighting capacity of the officers and men of the Dutch army was not strong. However, the Dutch invading army arrogantly declared: "Twenty-five China people add up to less than one Dutch soldier", and "As long as a row of guns is fired and several people are killed, they will flee in fear and all will collapse". The Dutch invaders tried to take advantage of the powerful artillery on board and the sturdiness of the castle, and took advantage of Zheng Jun's unstable foothold to fight back and drive Zheng Jun into the sea.

On the first night of April, Zheng Chenggong saw the enemy of Chikanta shelling Liaogang camp in Zheng Junhe, which caused a fire in the market. He sent the Angelababy supervision troops in charge of housework to put out the fire, rob the warehouse materials and protect the residents' houses. At the same time, adjust the deployment of troops: Wang Daxiong, Zuo Huwei, Chen Mang, and You Huwei, in order to welcome the landing of the second echelon, lead the ship to control the Luermen estuary; Chen Ze, the former town of Xuanyi, led the troops to defend the tail of the northern line to ensure the safety of the main force and put the Dutch army in Taiwan Province between Scylla and Charybdis; Another army entered Taijiang, cutting off the connection between Chikanta and the provincial capital of Taiwan Province. In this way, we are ready to defeat the Dutch army from both land and sea.

At sea, when four Dutch ships tried to stop Zheng Jun, under the command of Chen Guang and Chen Chong, Zheng Chenggong surrounded the Dutch ships with 60 warships (each equipped with two cannons) and launched a fierce artillery battle. Hector, the largest battleship of the Dutch army, fired first, followed by other Dutch ships. Zheng Jun's warships were not as equipped as the Dutch army, and suffered some losses in the initial stage of the battle, but the sailors were very brave and bombarded the hector from all directions. Suddenly, outside Anping Port, smoke filled the air, and the sound of guns was deafening, arousing countless huge water columns. Soon, the hector was sunk. Other Dutch ships tried to break through and escape, and were surrounded by Zheng Jun's flexible warships. Zheng Junyong chased Graafland and Egret with six warships, and soon caught up with the enemy ships. Zheng Jun's soldiers fought hand-to-hand with the enemy and burned their ships with fireboats. Zheng Jun buckled the bowsprit of "S. Graveland" with chains and boarded the deck to engage in hand-to-hand combat with the enemy. Some Dutch ships were swallowed up by the raging fire, and some Dutch ships dared not fight any more and fled back to the edge of Taiwan Province Province. The enemy communication ship Maria fled to Batavia after the defeat. In this naval battle, 1 enemy capital ship was sunk, and 1 small boat fled back to Fucheng, Taiwan Province Province.

In the land war, the Dutch army also suffered heavy losses. The battle took place at the end of the northern line, near Chikanta.

On the third day of April, after Zheng Jun landed at the terminal of the northern line, Dutch captain Budd led 240 soldiers to sail at the terminal of the northern line by boat. After landing, we fought back against Zheng Jun in two ways. At the end of the Northern Line is a sandbar less than one square kilometer, with the southern end facing Taiwan Province Province and the northern end extending to Luermen. Bedell commanded the Dutch army to advance in a battle formation of 12 man 1 platoon, approaching Zheng Jun. At this time, Zheng Jun's troops at the end of the northern line were about 4,000. Zheng led most of his troops to meet him, and led seven or eight hundred men around the back, attacking from front to back. The Dutch army was caught between Scylla and Charybdis, at a loss, and fled for their lives. Captain Budd was killed, the Dutch army was annihilated 180, and the rest fled back to Taiwan Province provincial capital. The Dutch invaders admitted that "if the pilot ship moored near the coast did not meet them nearby, it would be wiped out and no one would come back to report the battle."

On the second day of April, at the request of the defenders of the besieged Chikanta, the commander aldo Pu was sent to lead 200 soldiers to cross the sea for reinforcements in an attempt to solve the siege of Chikanta. Zheng Chenggong sent "Iron Man" to meet him. These "iron men" wielded broadswords, wore iron helmets and iron shoes, and bravely cut off the Dutch army. Of the 200 Dutch soldiers, only 60 landed, and the rest were wiped out by the "Iron Man". Oldepp genial smile that, hurriedly rate areas fled back to Taiwan provincial capital.

After successive defeats, the Dutch army was forced to retreat to Chikanta and Taiwan Province Province, and never dared to fight again. Zheng attacked Chikanta and cut off the water supply of the Dutch army. Indescribable, Ding was forced to lead the troops to surrender, was leniently treated by Zheng Jun, and was escorted to Taiwan Province Province to surrender. Yi Kuang refused to surrender, trying to induce Zheng Jun to withdraw from Taiwan Province Province on the condition that he paid tribute and presented 654.38+ two million taels of silver every year. In this regard, Zheng Chenggong sternly refuted and stressed that "the land is mine, so I should return it." (Biography of Zheng Chenggong in the Draft of Qing Dynasty) On the seventh day of April, Zheng Chenggong personally supervised the division and besieged the provincial capital of Taiwan, except for leaving some troops to clear the Dutch army in other places. Zheng Jun smashed the counterattack of the Dutch army and gained a firm foothold along the coast of Taiwan Province Province.

The naval battle broke the Dutch ship and won the victory.

The city of Taiwan Province Province, namely Ge Lan Castle, has a circumference of 277 feet and a height of more than 3 feet. It is divided into three floors, and the lower floor is underground 1 ft. "Bricks are made by mixing grain and water, and the bricks are solid (equal to) stones" (Lou Chengzhi's Chronicle of Taiwan Province Province). The four corners of the city protrude outward and 20 guns are placed; 10 kilo cannon is installed in the north and south respectively; Respect. Dutch artillery is dense and has a long range, blocking every road around it, so no matter which direction it approaches, it will be bombarded by artillery on the city.

After Zheng Chenggong occupied Chikanta, Du Shi moved to Shen Kun (a general name for Shen Kun to seven Shen Kun) and prepared to attack cities in Taiwan Province Province. On the fourth day of April, Zheng Chenggong sent Yang Xiang and others to Qikun and approached Taiwan Province from the left. A Dutch army rushed to the front of Jikun's body to stop the attack, but before the array confronted, it was washed away by the rattan army led by Yang Xiang, killing more than half of them, and the rest of the foot soldiers retreated to Taiwan Province provincial capital. Zheng Chenggong ordered the soldiers to erect fences and build fortresses to strengthen the defense of the seven Kun bodies. On April 7 (May 4), Zheng Chenggong commanded the main force to cross the sea and went straight to Taicheng from the southern end. Under the impetus of Zheng Jun, the provincial capital of Taiwan Province fell into chaos. Dutch invaders set fire to the downtown area in an attempt to "burn the whole city to ashes", which was put out by Zheng Jun. At this time, there were only 870 Dutch troops in Tancheng, and the fighting continued in the city. When Zheng Chenggong was preparing to attack the city, he wrote to Bayi twice to persuade him to surrender, but both were rejected. As a result, Zheng Chenggong bombed cities in Taiwan Province Province with 28 cannons, which destroyed most of the city's breast walls and injured many Dutch troops. The Dutch army also fought back tenaciously, using artillery volley to force Zheng Jun to retreat. Zheng ran out of ammunition and food and suffered heavy casualties. Dutch troops rushed out of the city in an attempt to seize Zheng Jun's artillery, and were repelled by archers led by Zheng Jun's generals Ma Xin and Liu Guoxuan.

Zheng Chenggong in view of the strong cities in Taiwan Province, the storm was difficult to work at the moment. In order to reduce the casualties of the troops and make further preparations, he decided to change to the policy of long-term siege and long-term hardship, and fight while plowing. On the one hand, he sent Ma Xin, the prefect, to besiege the Dutch army in Taisheng Street, and on the other hand, in order to solve the problem of insufficient rations, he scattered soldiers in various towns to reclaim land.

On the second day of May, six towns led by Zheng Jun's second echelon, including 20 warships and 6,000 soldiers, arrived in Taiwan Province Province and approached the castle from the south of Taiwan Province Province. After the troops were strengthened and the supplies were supplemented, Zheng Jun built fences on all the streets leading to the castle from the fifth day of May, and dug a wide and deep trench to facilitate the siege of the Dutch army. At the same time, siege equipment and guns were prepared. At the beginning of June, Zheng Chenggong wrote to Yiyi for surrender three times, but the Dutch army waited for Batavia to send reinforcements and still refused to surrender.

During Zheng Chenggong's battle in Taiwan Province Province, during the southern monsoon, the Dutch army in Taiwan Province Province was unable to send a boat south to deliver the news. Until May 28th, the communication ship Maria, which was defeated by Zheng Jun, fled to Batavia after more than 50 days against the wind, and reported the defeat of the Dutch army in Taiwan Province Province. The Batavia authorities immediately mobilized 700 soldiers and 65,438+00 warships. Under the leadership of yakubu Kao, they set out for Taiwan Province Province to reinforce on June 10, and arrived in Taiwan Province Province on July 5. The next day, the Dutch fleet braved the wind and waves to unload only 25 soldiers and 220 pounds of gunpowder and other combat materials, which were transferred because of the excessive wind and waves. By July 15, the wind weakened, and five warships entered the channel, anchored in front of the city of Taiwan Province Province, and unloaded a large number of soldiers and war materials. The boat "Hongxing Erke" hit the rocks and sank, and the Dutch soldiers on board were captured by Zheng Jun. After learning the news of Dutch reinforcements from the prisoners, Zheng Chenggong made great efforts to make arrangements for besieging the city and fighting for reinforcements.

After the Dutch invaders were reinforced, they tried to quickly change the besieged state of Taiwan Province provinces and cities. On July 2 1, the Taiwan Province Provincial Council of the Dutch aggressor army decided to use the newly arrived ships and soldiers to expel Zheng Jun from the downtown area of Taiwan Province Province and destroy Zheng Jun's ships moored in the waterway near Chikanta. Its deployment is as follows: two warships detour to the back of the city to destroy the position of Zheng Jun artillery; Send three or four hundred infantry to attack the city; In addition, three warships, two masts and 15 boats were sent to attack twelve or three Zheng warships on the nearby sea for towing. Parliament appointed Lute Tavaron Bass as Commander-in-Chief, and ordered the Dutch army to "never forgive anyone on board, kill everyone on board, and leave none".

On July 23, the two sides fought at sea. Ordered the Dutch troops stationed to attack on land, and pro-announced the left and right naval divisions of Qianzhen and Rongqi, Chen Jimei, Zhu Yao and Luo, and led warships to meet the Dutch ships at sea. The Dutch ship tried to bypass the side of Zheng Chenggong's water army and burned Zheng Jun's ship, but it was surrounded by Zheng Jun, and part of Zheng Chenggong's water army was blocked by the shore. When the enemy ship broke into the ambush, the fire burst into flames. After an hour of fierce fighting, two Dutch ships were destroyed and burned, and three small boats were captured, so that Dutch reinforcements "lost a captain, an adjutant, a sergeant and 128 soldiers, and others were injured". Zheng Jun also suffered some losses, and Lin Jinshi, deputy commander of Xuanyiqian Town, died. The Dutch army on land once attacked Chikun and was repelled by the ambush of Zheng Jun's Huang An Department. From then on, I never dared to have an attack again. The rest of the Dutch ships that came to help fled to the open sea and never dared to go near the provincial capital of Taiwan Province again.

The besieged Dutch army is short of food and grass, and the rural wind is low. Many soldiers are poisoned by moldy food, and some of them suffer from various diseases. More than 65,438 people died of war, disease and hunger. Zheng Jun rested, constantly built fortifications, set up giant guns, and prepared to continue to attack the city; The people also helped Zheng Jun cut off the water source of the Dutch army. 10 5, Bayi attempted to collude with the Qing army and attack Zheng Chenggong's rear base to save his doomed fate. Jacob Cowu led five ships drifting at sea to attack Xiamen. When the fleet reached Penghu, it encountered strong winds, and three ships returned to Taiwan Province province and city due to anchor. Cowu, on the other hand, fled back to Batavia, and the plan to attack Zheng Jun went bankrupt.

At this time, the situation of the Dutch army is even more difficult. There are only 600 soldiers who can fight, and most of them are distributed in castles, outer castles and Mu Cha to undertake guard tasks. The Dutch army in the city is hopeless and its morale is even lower. Some people defected to Zheng Jun to "save their lives". Zheng Chenggong learned the details of Dutch army fortifications from these airdrops, so he revised the siege plan. In addition to concentrating his troops in Shen Kun, he also "built three additional forts, one at the southern end of Utley Circular Fortress and two at its eastern end, equipped with 28 cannons" and dug many trenches.

Zheng Jun besieged Taiwan Province Province for more than eight months. After making full preparations, he began to launch a general attack. The main target is Utrecht. This castle is one of the peripheral castles of Taiwan Province provincial capital, located on a hill in the south of Taiwan Province provincial capital. This is the key to control Taiwan Province's provinces and cities. The Dutch believe that once the castle is occupied, "Grance Castle (the city of Taiwan Province Province) will also fall".

1On the morning of the sixth day of February, Zheng Chenggong ordered the shelling of Fort Utrecht. After two hours of fierce fighting, a gap was opened in the south and the fort was occupied that day. Zheng Jun immediately converted this fort into a gun base, and violently bombarded the provincial capital of Taiwan Province from the commanding heights. The Dutch army is trapped in the lonely city, which is already land and water assistance and difficult to defend. When Yi hastily called an emergency meeting, the participants were in chaos and completely desperate at that time. Seeing that the general trend was gone, Yan decided that the Senate would come forward and negotiate and sign the 18 surrender treaty. According to the treaty, Bayi surrendered on December 13th (1662 February 1). At this point, Taiwan Province Province, occupied for 38 years, returned to the embrace of the motherland, and Zheng Chenggong finally won the great struggle to expel the Dutch invaders and recover Taiwan Province Province. Zheng Chenggong continued his anti-Qing struggle in Taiwan Province. It was not until the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683) that it was recovered by the Qing army (see the battle of the Qing army to recover Taiwan Province Province).

Comments: This campaign is a successful landing campaign with a large scale and a long distance in the history of naval warfare in China. Mainly manifested in: First, Zheng Chenggong made full preparations. Taiwan Province Province's topography, enemy defense, weather, tides, navigation channels, etc. A detailed investigation was conducted. In terms of manpower and material resources, we have made long-term and sufficient preparations for landing operations, discussed the operational plan repeatedly, and achieved unified action and careful planning. Second, the fighters are timely. Pay attention to covert combat attempts, make bold use of bad weather conditions, and take them by surprise. Choosing the right crossing route and landing place, first occupying Penghu as a springboard and barrier for landing in Taiwan Province Province can not only provide a reliable starting base for landing in Taiwan Province Province, but also ensure the navigation and logistics support of the follow-up troops, and also prevent the enemy from reinforcing at sea. Third, attack the enemy by surprise. Choosing the Lu 'ermen Waterway can not only surprise you, but also disperse the deployment of the Dutch army, cut off the enemy's contact and lay the foundation for victory. In addition, the concentration of warships with quantitative advantages and maritime assistance has also set a precedent in the history of naval warfare for warships with small equipment disadvantages to defeat warships with large equipment advantages. And timely solve the logistics support, always pay close attention to the supply of food, to ensure the smooth progress of the war, and finally achieved a great victory, creating a successful example of large-scale cross-sea landing in ancient China, which occupies an important position in the history of naval battles in China. The victory of this war ended the colonial rule of the Dutch invaders on the people of Taiwan Province Province and defended the interests of the Chinese nation. Zheng Chenggong's call for recovering territory not only won the support of compatriots in Taiwan Province Province at that time, but also wrote a glorious chapter for the Chinese nation to resist overseas aggression and safeguard the integrity and unity of the sacred territory of the motherland.