In which province and city is Panzhihua East District located?

Located in: East District, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province

East District, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province, China

Regional profile

The East District of Panzhihua City is the central city of Panzhihua City, with an area of 167 square kilometers. Located at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces and the intersection of Jinsha River and Yalong River, east longitude 10 1. 08'- 102 15', 26 05'-27 21'north latitude. It borders Huili, Dechang and Yanyuan counties of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province in the northeast and Fan Ning, Huaping and Yongren counties in Yunnan Province in the southwest.

Chengdu-kunming railway He 108 National Highway runs through the whole territory, 749 kilometers from Chengdu in the north and 35 1 km from Kunming in the south. They are the closest points in Sichuan Province to ports in South China, southeast coastal areas and border areas, and they are important transportation hubs and commercial materials distribution centers on the "Southern Silk Road".

The eastern part is located at the intersection of Jinsha River and Yalong River in the south of western Sichuan Plateau and the north of western Yunnan Plateau, belonging to Hengduan Mountain System and subtropical dry-hot valley monsoon climate zone. During the year, due to the influence of tropical continental air mass and equatorial ocean air mass respectively, and its unique mountainous terrain, it has formed unique climatic characteristics: obvious vertical differences in climate, complex and diverse local microclimate, small annual temperature difference, distinct dry and wet seasons and unclear four seasons during the year, which has other characteristics of tropical West Asia. In a year, spring is warm and dry, the wind is high and things are dry, and evaporation is strong; Summer is hot, rainfall is concentrated, and there are many thunderstorm nights; Autumn _ little rain, wet soil; Winter is not cold, with little rain and plenty of sunshine. Most of Panzhihua's rich mineral resources are also distributed in the eastern region, which has laid a good material foundation for the development of the eastern region: the eastern region is located in the middle of the Panxi Rift Valley and is rich in mineral resources, which is known as the "cornucopia of world wealth". There are more than 40 kinds of proven mineral deposits in the area, and the reserves of vanadium-titanium magnetite are over 9.8 billion tons, making it one of the four major iron mines in China. Among them, titanium reserves are 500 million tons, ranking first in the world; Vanadium reserves1.200 million tons, ranking first in China and third in the world; Iron reserves are 4.76 billion tons, with high grade iron ore and good development conditions. Comrade Deng Xiaoping once praised "this is a blessed land".

Geomorphological features

The eastern part of Panzhihua city belongs to the eroded mountain area and canyon landform. The relative denudation from Jinning period to Yanshan period formed a wide denudation surface. Since the Himalayan orogeny, the original denudation surface has been destroyed, and the uplift zone has continued to suffer from denudation and erosion, and the depression area has become a fault basin that accepts sedimentation. Due to the intensification of river undercutting, deep gullies are formed, which makes the landform show the characteristics of staggered distribution of mountains, high valleys and deep valleys.

The terrain in the eastern region is inclined from south to north, and the area north of Jinsha River is inclined to the south, which is high in the north and south, low in the middle (Jinsha River), high in the west and low in the east. The terrain is undulating, with a height difference of 500 ~1000m.

I. Erosion and accumulation landforms

Valley terraces are mainly distributed in Jinsha River and river valleys. Among the Ⅰ-ⅴ terraces in Jinsha River Valley in this area, the Ⅰ terraces are 16 ~ 20m higher than the water surface and distributed intermittently along the river. The elevation of Grade II terrace is 48 ~ 1 12m, and the terrace is complete and flat. Grade ⅲ terrace is 93 ~140m above sea level, and the terrace is often cut by river valleys. Grade ⅳ terrace is 200 ~ 240 meters above the water surface, and the terrace is shallow and hilly. ⅴ terraces are 340 ~ 350 meters above the water surface and scattered on shallow hills on both sides. Only I ~ II terraces are developed in other valleys.

The residual platform is mainly composed of silty mudstone and mudstone. Scattered in the south bank slope of Jinsha River and intermountain depressions. The platform is shallow hill-shaped, with a flat or round top and steep surroundings, which is the main area for landslide formation.

Second, denudation structure and landform.

Fold mountain is a denudation mountain type, mainly distributed in clastic sedimentary rock area, and consists of syncline mountain, anticline mountain and single-sided mountain. General Mountain is 2000m above sea level, and the cutting depth is1000m. The ridge is sharp and round, and the mountains are mostly one-sided mountain landforms.

The mountains in the fault block are mainly distributed in Dahe area, and are composed of magmatic rocks and metamorphic rocks. The ridge is more than 2000 meters above sea level, and the cutting depth is 1000 meters, mostly in high mountains. The ridge between Jinsha River and Dahe River is less than 2000 meters above sea level, and the cutting depth is 500 ~ 1000 meters, which is Zhongshan.

Climatic hydrology

Climatic characteristics

The eastern region belongs to the three-dimensional climate with the sub-tropical as the baseband, and the vertical difference is significant. Winter is controlled by tropical continental air mass, and the weather is sunny and dry. Affected by tropical monsoon, there is abundant rainfall in summer. The temperature in annual range is small and the daily range is large. There are only dry seasons and rainy seasons throughout the year: June-10 is the rainy season, and June-1 10 is the dry season. More than 90% precipitation is concentrated in the rainy season, with abundant sunshine, strong solar radiation, large evaporation and complex microclimate, forming a unique high temperature area in the same latitude area.

Temperature and light

The annual average temperature in this area is 20.9℃, and the average temperature and total heat are relatively high in the city. The hottest month generally appears in May-June (the extreme maximum temperature reached 4 1℃ on June 22, 1987), and the hottest month appeared in Leng Yue in 65438+February or 65438+1October (1983). The daily temperature difference in June, 5438+ 10 and February is the largest, with a monthly average of about 13℃, and the maximum daily temperature difference can reach more than 20℃.

The annual sunshine hours in China are about 2640 hours, with an average of 240 sunny days, 60 rainy days and 65 cloudy days. The annual average total solar radiation is about 63,265,438+000 Joules/cm2. The utilization rate of solar energy in the jurisdiction is high and the utilization prospect is broad.

Precipitation and humidity

The climate in this area is dry, with annual rainfall of about 800 mm, annual evaporation of 2,400 mm and annual average relative humidity of 59%. Compared with the higher altitude areas in Bingcaogang area, Assuda Village and Wudaohe Village have relatively higher precipitation, lower evaporation and lower temperature, which is beneficial to crop growth.

Air pressure and wind

The annual average atmospheric pressure in the eastern region is 878.0 mbar, with the lowest in June and the highest in165438+1October. The difference between height and height is about 9 millibars. The dominant wind direction throughout the year: southeast wind in Xia Dong in two seasons. The annual maximum wind speed is 18.3m/s, and the annual average wind speed is 2m/s in summer and 1. 1m/s in winter. The annual average number of windy days is 12.2 days, and the annual quiet wind frequency is 46%. The first ten days of February-May is a windy season, with the smallest wind speed, the fewest windy days and the highest quiet wind frequency in autumn.

The frost-free period in the eastern part of the snow and fog lasts for more than 300 days, and there is basically no winter below the altitude of 1400 meters, and the summer lasts for about half a year. 1983 12 this heavy snow is rare over the years. In the winter of 2000, there was only light snow in Ashida village.

The average frost day in China is 14.2 days, the first frost period is 65438+mid-February, the last frost period is generally in February, and the average frost-free period is 287.6 ~ 308. 1 day. The duration of noon frost is very short, and the frost period in Ashida village is slightly longer, and the duration of noon frost is also slightly longer than that in low altitude areas.

There are very few foggy days in the eastern region, averaging 2.9 days per year.

mineral resources

Metal minerals are mainly divided into ferrous minerals and non-ferrous minerals. The first iron ore is vanadium-titanium magnetite, followed by magnetite, hematite and siderite. Vanadium-titanomagnetite is mainly iron, accompanied by titanium, vanadium, copper, cobalt, nickel, sulfur, chromium, phosphorus, gallium, scandium, platinum and other beneficial minerals 10, with large reserves, concentrated distribution, rich associated components and good mining conditions. There are five major mining areas in the territory, namely Zhujiabao, Lanjia Volcano, Jianshan, Daomakan and Gongshan, which have been proved inside and outside the table. Industrial reserve of vanadium-titanium magnetite is 865.438+tons, the State Council has approved 664 million tons of industrial reserve, and 478 million tons of industrial reserve can be used. Titanium dioxide reserves are 276 million tons; Vanadium pentoxide reserves are 6 1.58 million tons. Iron, titanium and vanadium have been developed and utilized, and become the pillar industries of Panzhihua City.

Non-metallic minerals are mainly decorative stone resources, and the magmatic rocks that can be developed and utilized as decorative stone include Archean to Proterozoic medium-coarse quartz diorite and Hercynian gabbro, hornblende gabbro, adamellite, potash granite, greenstone syenite, medium-grained syenite, porphyritic trachyte, pyroxenite basalt and so on. In addition, conglomerate, quartzite sandstone and marble can be exploited as decorative marble and slate. Clay rocks and sandstone are widely distributed in China, but with the development of urban construction, most of them have been covered up.

Plum blossom jade granite is rich in reserves and large in volume, which can be used for jade mining and processing into plates, with high market value. After exploration, the eastern region has a certain amount of gem resources.

The building stone is long-diorite distributed in Nongnonggou, with a reserve of 4 1.89 million cubic meters; There are marble in Bingcaogang, with a reserve of 3.82 million cubic meters, which is the main building stone in China. In addition, vermiculite and silica still have certain reserves in Romania.

Population size

At the beginning of the construction of the district, the registered population was mainly employees, and most of the employees were transferred from all over the country to support the third-line construction in difficult areas or the troops were converted into organizational systems. The proportion of male population is much larger than that of female population. 1974 east * * * registered population 1985 13, of which 1373 17 is male and 6 165438 is female, with the sex ratio of 224.39:/kloc. With the deepening of reform and opening up, a large number of rural people go to cities to work and do business, and the index of "rural to non-agricultural" is put into use. The urban population in the jurisdiction has increased sharply, and the gender ratio has gradually become balanced. 1983 * * * The registered population is 238,323, including male150,297 and female 88,026, with the sex ratio of 174.88: 100. 1993 * * * The registered population is 287 106, including male 164203 and female 122903, and the sex ratio is 133.59: 100. In 2000, the registered population was 304,523, including male 163 149 and female 14654, with the sex ratio of115.42:100. In the past 26 years, the population has increased by 105556, with an average annual growth rate of 1.80‰. The ratio of male to female is gradually decreasing, and the imbalance tends to ease.

tourist resources

The East District not only has magnificent wonders of mountains and rivers and charming subtropical scenery, but also has a new tourist city with rich relics and simple style, and it is also a pleasant convalescent resort in all seasons. Except for the hot valleys in April and May, there is no cool place in the low mountainous areas, and there is no summer in the middle and high mountains all year round. 165438+1October, 65438+February and 65438+1October of the following year, and the monthly average temperature in the area below 1400 meters above sea level remains at 10 ~ 16. Therefore, the middle and high mountain areas are suitable for summer vacation, and the low mountain canyon areas are suitable for winter recuperation. When traveling to the east, you can visit modern production bases such as ore mining, iron and steel smelting, vanadium extraction and titanium extraction. Relying on the majestic Cui Wei Mountains and roaring rivers; Enjoy the urban landscape, visit the natural scenery, appreciate the historical relics, and investigate the geology and geomorphology. Exploring the Range Rover is beautiful and attracts many domestic and foreign tourists to visit and travel.

Geological Expo is located in Panxi Rift Valley, with complex geological structure, ancient geological history evolution and special landform. Known as the "geological museum", we can observe the contact relationship between layered gabbro and surrounding rocks in the early Hercynian, the layered and rhythmic structure of layered rock mass is well developed, the occurrence of vanadium-titanium magnet layer and the largest vanadium-titanium magnet open pit mine in the world. You can also overlook the regional angle unconformity between the basement and the caprock formed by Jinning orogeny, and observe A-type granite and Jinyun volcano composed of sodalite, aegirine granite and alkaline syenite in the lotus pond.

The area from Lan Jian Iron Mine to Daheishan, a karst wonder, is a typical magmatic overflow orogenic belt. In Lan Jian Iron Mine, condensed layered gabbro, olivine gabbro and other vanadium-titanium magnetite rocks can be seen. You can see the remains of volcanic eruption on Guangtou Mountain. It stands abruptly, surrounded by cliffs, and there is a neck-shaped adduction on the top of the mountain cone, which is the crystallization of magma condensation after it fills the volcanic vent. There are jet volcanic breccia and ignimbrite distributed annularly around the mountain cone, which are like giant columns directly supporting the main cone. In addition to jet volcanic breccia and ignimbrite, there are plum blossoms with distinct branches, which are rare.

Jinsha The Jinsha River in jathyapple cuts mountains and splits mountains across the border. "The Jinsha River is warm in the clouds and cliffs", and the water potential in the reach is stable. Traveling by boat, you can appreciate the majestic posture of the steel city in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the artistic conception of "Jinsha jathyapple" and "Jinsha Night Crossing". Against the backdrop of moonlight and water waves, the colors are different, reflecting the lights on both sides of the strait, and the night crossing is strange and mysterious.

The urban construction layout of Dengdeng East District of Steel City is patchwork, with its own characteristics and rows of buildings. When night falls, thousands of lights, like waterfalls from top to bottom, are colorful and spectacular. The Bingcaogang Park and Nanshan observation deck in the territory overlook the urban area, which are the best places to watch the lighting landscape of Steel City.

Daheishan Scenic Area is located in the north of Jinsha River, bordering Nongnongping area and Panzhihua-Midi area in the east, and bordering Wuben Township in Renhe District, covering an area of more than 3,300 hectares. There are dense forests and vines in the scenic area, some grasslands, many cliffs and peaks, 1 stone forest and three caves. Eagle Rock, the highest point, is 2920 meters above sea level. Panzhihua TV relay station and TV satellite ground receiving station were built here. The towering iron tower is spectacular, with a cool climate and close to the urban area. Many citizens and tourists come here for summer and leisure.

Nanshan viewing platform is located on the platform of Qianjin Village on the south bank of Jinsha River in Dadukou area, facing Nongnongping area across the river, overlooking the production and living areas of Panzhihua Iron and Steel Company and 19th Metallurgical Company, as well as the Dadukou, Bingcaogang, Panzhihua and Midi areas. At night, all areas are brightly lit, overlapping and staggered, and the reflection in the river blends with the banks, which is the best place to watch the night view of Steel City.

There are four seasons in the famous flowers of Qi State. In addition to mangoes, pomegranates, grapes, watermelons, lychees, longan, papaya and bananas, there are 3,000 mu of loquat, 300 mu of green dates in Taiwan Province Province, and the flower base 120 mu.

There are 35 ethnic minorities in the East District, including Yi, Dai, Miao, Bai, Hui, Lisu and Naxi. Many ethnic groups have their own languages, and some have their own scripts. Religion, belief, housing, clothing and customs also have their own characteristics. Folk customs, music and dance have their own characteristics, and you can also participate in and watch traditional festivals of various ethnic groups.

Panzhihua tourist street is located at the intersection of Luoguo, Jinsha River and Yalong River. It integrates the functions of food, shopping, entertainment, reception, accommodation, consultation, etc. It covers an area of 65,438+2,000 square meters and has 72 developer houses.

The east is adjacent to Lugu Lake, Hailuogou, Dali, Lijiang, Kunming, Ruili and other well-known domestic scenic spots, which can be reached in a day or two. From Panzhihua to Xichang, you can visit Qionghai and Luoji Mountain and visit the satellite launch base. Going south to Dianchi Lake and Erhai Lake, you can see six imperial edicts. When you go to Lijiang and Dali in the west, you can roam Lugu Lake and learn about the only remaining matriarchal society and culture in China. You can also enjoy exotic customs when you turn to the China-Myanmar border.

Ethnic situation

I. Ethnic relations

Before liberation, the Han rulers discriminated against and oppressed the ethnic minorities in China. After the autumn harvest, the black Yi slave owners outside the region also robbed the food and property of the Han nationality and kidnapped the children of the Han nationality as slaves, causing ethnic barriers and even ethnic struggles. After liberation, the party and the government implemented the policy of equality among ethnic groups, vigorously supported ethnic minorities to develop their economy, developed ethnic education and trained ethnic cadres.

Since the reform and opening up, we have further implemented the ethnic policy. 1980, the government gave 12 Lisu households a special subsidy to build houses, and converted the herringbone shack into a civil structure tile house. The government respects national customs and develops national traditional culture, and villages inhabited by Yi people hold Torch Festival every year. From 65438 to 0998, the government invested 780,000 yuan, and the villagers worked hard to transform the 4.7-kilometer highway leading to Ashida Yi Nationality Village into a cement pavement, and also set up farmhouse music and holiday folk villages. In 2000, the government invested another 800,000 yuan to transform the 4.9 km road from Ashida to Nong Gang Reservoir into cement pavement, which promoted the agricultural development and economic prosperity of Yi Nationality Village. 550 Yi villagers in Luoguo and Midi villages have lived in urban resettlement buildings after land acquisition for development and construction.

Second, the main ethnic minorities

According to the Yi literature "Six Ancestors Epic" and "Southwest Yi Records", the ancestor of the Yi people, Apudumu, originally lived in Dianchi Lake, Yunnan Province. Later, due to flooding, his six sons took refuge and migrated to various places, forming several branches. The Yi people in Panzhihua are divided into three branches according to their origins: Sunuo, Lipo and Shui Yi. Sunuo, also known as men in black, lives in Miyi Malong and Wuben Township Volcano in Renhe District, and is a noble (slave owner) among the Yi people. Shui Yi, also known as Bai Yi, is mostly a wretched (slave) generation of Black Yi. Black and white Yi people are graded and do not marry each other. Libo, also known as Hongyi, has been living with the Han nationality and is greatly influenced by the Han nationality. Yi people living in China are all Libo branches of Yi people, mainly distributed in Assuda Village, Luoguo Village and Midi Village, accounting for 73%, 56% and 38% of the total population of the village respectively. During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the Yi people were under the dual jurisdiction of the right Tusi (the leader of local autonomy of the Yi people) and the local government, living in poverty and having a low social status. Yi people only have simple words and expressions in production and life, and cannot express their thoughts independently and completely. They don't have independent characters, and they use Chinese. After liberation, the Yi people who lived together with the Han nationality gradually intermarried with the Han nationality, and became more closely connected with the Han nationality in production and life, and their living customs and national psychology were similar to those of the Han nationality.

The red Yi people like singing and dancing, and their cultural life is unique. After work, people can express their feelings by singing and dancing on different occasions, such as festivals, weddings, funerals and mutual admiration between young men and women. The common musical instruments of the red Yi people in China are the flute and the Hulusheng. China Yi Nationality Village popular folk songs, including solo, duet and chorus.

Both Lisu and Yi people originated from Yi people and were called Nisu, Lisu and Lisu in ancient times. Schumann in the Tang Dynasty was also called Lisu, and Lisu people called him Lisu. Lisu people are distributed on both sides of Jinsha River. In the first year, they mainly made a living by hunting and gathering. In the 1940s, they gradually turned into settled agriculture. Lisu people are divided into two branches: "Black Lisu people" and "Hua Lisu people".

The Lisu people in China belong to the branch of "Black Lisu people", and mainly live in the Sulphur Valley area of Panzhihua Village. The house is a wooden herringbone hut or thatched roof with earth walls. Lisu people live on corn and have no mother tongue. They use Lisu language in intra-ethnic dialogues and Chinese when communicating with Han people.

Before liberation, Lisu people were slash and burn, farming and hunting, often oppressed and exploited by foreigners and chieftains, with low production capacity and extremely difficult life. After liberation, especially since the reform and opening up, the Lisu people have solved the problem of food and clothing with the support of the government, lived in a tile house, and all school-age children have gone to school, and together with other ethnic groups, they have truly become a member of the national family.

2065438+March 2005, the Eastern District won the honor of the third batch of advanced units in the national legal county and city creation activities.