What is the reason for the low rainfall in Toksun?

Question 1: The reason for the low precipitation in Toksun Desert climate

The extremely arid desert climate spans a large latitude, and the temperature varies greatly in different regions. Depending on the latitude, it can be divided into low-latitude deserts and mid-latitude deserts. Low-latitude deserts, also called hot deserts, are distributed in the subtropical high pressure area near the Tropic of Cancer, such as the Sahara Desert in northern Africa, the *** Desert in southwest Asia, and the Great Desert in central Australia. Mid-latitude deserts are also called cold deserts and are distributed within temperate continents, such as Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia in my country and the deserts in the southwestern part of the North American continent.

The desert climate of the Taklimakan Desert has the following significant characteristics:

First, rainfall is scarce and the climate is arid. Taking my country's desert areas as an example, annual rainfall is mostly below 50-100 millimeters, with the least amount being less than 10 millimeters. For example, Ruoqiang, located in the southeastern part of the Taklimakan Desert, has an annual rainfall of only 16.9 mm, while Toksun County has even less rainfall, only 5.9 mm.

Second, there is windy and sandy weather. When strong winds blow, the sky is filled with yellow sand, the sky is dark and the ground is dark, and the fields are covered with quicksand. After the wind stops, the flying sand falls to the ground, forming rows of undulating sand dunes of varying sizes. The highest sand dunes can be as high as more than 400 meters.

Third, winters are cold, summers are extremely hot, and the annual and daily temperature ranges are large. For example, in the deserts of northwest my country, the average temperature in January in winter is below -20°C, while the average temperature in July in summer is above 26-30°C, and the annual temperature range is as high as about 50°C. The diurnal temperature range in desert areas is greater than the annual range. For example, in the Turpan Basin, the extreme maximum temperature during the day in summer has reached 82.3°C, but after nightfall the temperature can drop below 0°C, and the daily temperature range exceeds 80°C. Therefore, there is a popular saying in the Turpan Basin that people wear fur coats in the morning and wear gauze in the afternoon, and eat watermelon while holding the stove. It can be seen that the temperature changes in desert climates are the most dramatic and extreme among the various climates in the world.

In the desert climate environment, there are some animals and plants that are adapted to drought conditions, such as camels, gerbils, sand lizards, cacti, Populus euphratica, Elaeagnus angustifolia, etc. According to incomplete statistics, there are at least 1,000 species of wild plants in my country's deserts, more than 300 of which can be used as medicinal materials.

Question 2: Why does the area north of Toksun receive more precipitation? Because the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains is the windward slope of moist airflow from the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, forming orographic rain. The southern slope of Tianshan Mountain is a leeward slope and becomes a rain shadow area with scarce precipitation.