Confucius Temple Imperial Examination Hall

1. Little knowledge about the Imperial Examination at Confucius Temple (an essay about Nanjing Confucius Temple Imperial Examination Museum)

Little knowledge about the Imperial Examination at Confucius Temple (an essay about Nanjing Confucius Temple Imperial Examination Museum) 1. About Nanjing Composition of the Confucius Temple Imperial Examination Museum

The Shaanxi Provincial History Museum is one of the first batch of national AAAA-level tourist attractions. In the museum, various cultural relics from ancient society to the Qing Dynasty are readily available, fully reflecting the five thousand years of China. years of civilization history.

Because in order to enhance people’s patriotic spirit, the museum launched a free admission event. There were two long lines in front of the ticket window, each line was at least 300 meters long. We waited for more than an hour. Just got the ticket. Dad said: "If it weren't for the hot weather today, there would be twice as many people lining up." It seems that people are indeed very enthusiastic about visiting the museum.

After entering the museum, not far from the entrance are some stone tools and bone tools from the Stone Age. Although the workmanship is a bit rough from a modern perspective, it can be seen that it is very practical. Further forward, there are ritual vessels and weapons from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Gold and silver jewelry from various dynasties, curved bows, swords and spears, as well as a large tripod with a diameter of more than one meter...all the way to the blue and white porcelain of the Qing Dynasty. There are so many items and rich content.

Today I visited the Shaanxi Provincial History Museum. It felt like I had walked through history from the time of the ape-man to the present, knowing the etiquette of each dynasty and the uses of some strange items... …

The people of that time used their wisdom to create pioneering projects one after another and made great contributions to world civilization. And we, in the new era, should we make greater contributions to world civilization? So we must start from now, study hard, and lay a solid foundation for making contributions to the world. Let us work hard together!

2. Is the Confucius Temple the place where the imperial examinations were held in the past?

The Confucius Temple in Nanjing is not exactly the place where the imperial examinations were held in the past. It is located on Gongyuan Street on the north bank of the Qinhuai River in Qinhuai District, Nanjing City, to the west of Jiangnan Gongyuan. It is a place where Confucius is worshiped. It is the first national highest university in China and one of the four major Confucian temples in China.

The entire building is a temple in front and a school in the back. The Confucius Temple, the Academy and the Gongyuan on the east side (the examination room where scholars are selected through examinations) form three major cultural and educational ancient building complexes. So Gongyuan is the place used for exams.

The Confucius Temple was built in the third year of Xiankang (337) by Sima Yan, Emperor Cheng of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At that time, there was only a school palace and no Confucius Temple; The palace was expanded. In addition, the "Gongyuan" located on the east side of the Academy was built in the fourth year of Qiandao in Song Dynasty (1168). In history, the Confucius Temple has been destroyed four times and rebuilt five times. The last time it was destroyed was in the artillery fire of the Japanese invaders in 1937, which caused serious damage. Restoration and reconstruction began in 1984-9185. After more than ten years of construction, more than 20 ancient buildings were restored: Dacheng Hall, Mingde Hall, Zunjing Pavilion, Jiangnan Gongyuan, Wuyi Lane, Wang Xie Ancient Residence, and Wu Jingzi’s Former Residence And so on, it reproduces the street style of Jiangnan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the landscape of the Huaihe River Hall and River House in the ancient Qin Dynasty.

3. What is the name of the place where Confucius Temple specially gave exams to ancient people?

Jiangnan Gongyuan is located on the east side of Confucius Temple Academy in Qinhuai District, Nanjing City. It is also known as Nanjing Gongyuan and Jiankang Gongyuan. It is the largest and most influential imperial examination room in Chinese history. It is the place where subjects are opened to obtain scholars in southern China. It is also one of the three major ancient building complexes in the Confucius Temple area and an important part of the Qinhuai Scenic Area of ??Confucius Temple.

Jiangnan Gongyuan was first built in the fourth year of Qiandao in the Song Dynasty (1168). After successive renovations and expansions, it reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, there were 20,644 examination halls alone, which could accommodate more than 20,000 people. Several candidates take the exam at the same time, plus hundreds of ancillary buildings, covering an area of ??more than 300,000 square meters. Its scale and vast area rank first among the Gongyuan in all provinces in China, and it is the largest imperial examination center in ancient China.

4. Nanjing Confucius Temple

Confucius Temple is the Confucius Temple. Confucius Temple is the common name of Confucius Temple. It was originally a place to worship and worship Confucius.

First built in the Song Dynasty, it is located next to Gongyuan Street on the north bank of the Qinhuai River. The Confucius Temple uses the Qinhuai River in front of the temple as the Panchi, and the stone brick wall on the south bank as the screen wall, with a total length of 110 meters, which is the longest screen wall in the country.

In front of the temple on the north bank are Juxing Pavilion and Sile Pavilion; on the central axis are Lingxing Gate, Dacheng Gate, Dacheng Hall, Mingde Hall, Zunjing Pavilion and other buildings; in addition, there is Kuixing Pavilion in the east of the temple Pavilion. , due to the requirements of the times, the Confucius Temple has now become a venue for mass cultural activities.

In 1985, the ancient building complex of Confucius Temple was restored, and the surrounding teahouses, restaurants, shops and other buildings were also renovated into Ming and Qing styles. The essence of Qinhuai scenery.

The Gongyuan Street area near the river is an antique tourist, cultural and commercial street. At the same time, the East Market and West Market were rebuilt according to the pattern of temple fairs formed in history.

There are no less than 200 kinds of traditional food and snacks served here. Every year from the first to the eighteenth day of the first lunar month, the Confucius Temple Lantern Festival is held here, which is very lively. The food culture of Confucius Temple has a long history, which can be traced back to the Six Dynasties period, especially during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Various cuisines and snacks competed for their unique flavors.

Since the reform and opening up, we have discovered and sorted out the local flavor snacks scattered among the people, and innovated on the basis of inheriting the traditional characteristics, forming Qinhuai flavor snacks represented by the "Eight Wonders of Qinhuai". The snacks are served in a combination of dry and spicy, with meat and vegetables interspersed with folk performances. They have strong local characteristics and cultural atmosphere, making the dining process a process of popular cultural appreciation at the same time. It reflects the exquisite combination of food and culture and has a long-lasting attraction for Chinese and foreign tourists. force.

At present, there are more than 200 varieties of flavored snacks with significant economic benefits, becoming an important pillar of Confucius Temple's tourism economy and the characteristic culture of this region. In recent years, Western fast food such as KFC and McDonald's have been introduced, while some night market food stalls have been retained, forming a new catering pattern that combines Chinese and Western food and maintains high, medium and low-end food.

Today, Confucius Temple has become a well-known "food center". The unique Confucius Temple Food Street was built in 1997 with a total investment of 150 million yuan. It is located at the southern end of Confucius Temple, starting from Pingjiangfu Road in the east and ending at Laiyan Road in the west.

The architectural shapes are different, with different heights, blue bricks and small tiles, and pink-walled sloping houses. They are simple and elegant, integrating with the ancient buildings of Confucius Temple. The internal facilities are first-class and modern.

The antique granite pavement is inlaid with colorful square tiles on both sides, diamond-shaped flower beds, winding promenades, garden-style squares, and classical low-frame street lamps, creating a warm and elegant atmosphere. Along the street are a number of well-known catering and entertainment companies such as Wanqing Fengxiuxuan, Wanqing Mingxuan, Jinlingchun Restaurant, Confucius Temple Recreation City, Qinhuai Renjia, and Bailu Hotel, which gathers domestic and foreign fine products.

In conjunction with the construction of the food street, the Wangxie Ancient Residence displaying the culture of the Six Dynasties was built, Wuyi Lane was restored, a new landscape area was formed, and the Confucius Temple scenic area was expanded. Xuegong Xuegong is located on the north side of the back street of Dacheng Hall. It was originally the "No. 1 School in the Southeast" and includes ancient buildings such as Mingde Hall, Zunjing Pavilion, Qingyun Tower, and Chongsheng Temple.

Mingde Hall is the main building of the academy. Scholars during the imperial examination era came here every month to listen to lectures and lectures. All academic palaces across the country are called "Ming Lun Hall", while the academy in Confucius Temple is uniquely called "Ming De Hall", which is said to be the result of the "Ming De Hall" plaque inscribed by Wen Tianxiang in the Song Dynasty.

During the maintenance of Mingde Hall in 1986, the four "Zhidao", "Jude", "Yiren" and "Youyi" buildings on both sides were restored. Wuyi Lane is located dozens of meters southwest of Confucius Temple. It is a quiet and narrow alley. It was originally the location of the residences of Wang Dao and Xie An, the famous prime ministers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

In the old days, Wang Xie’s children were good at wearing black clothes, hence the name. To commemorate Wang Dao and Xie An, Laiyan Hall was built in the east of Wuyi Lane. The building is simple and elegant. Portraits of Wang Dao and Xie An are hung in the hall. Officials and tourists are constantly visiting. It has become a place to pay homage to the famous ministers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and express their nostalgia for the ancient times. .

Liu Yuxi, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a popular poem: "There are wild grasses and flowers beside the Suzaku Bridge, the sun is setting at the entrance of Wuyi Lane, and the swallows in front of the Wang Xietang in the old days flew into the homes of ordinary people." This is what this place is about. sigh.

Since then, Wuyi Lane has become famous both at home and abroad, attracting endless tourists. Jiangnan Gongyuan Exhibition Hall is the only professional museum in my country that reflects the Chinese imperial examination system.

Jiangnan Gongyuan was built in the fourth year of Qiandao in the Southern Song Dynasty (1168). It occupied a small area at first, and was continuously expanded during the Ming and Qing dynasties. At its peak, the scale of the Gongyuan in Jiangnan ranked first among all the Gongyuan in the country, and it was the same as Beijing Shun Gongyuan. Tiangongyuan is also known as "Nanwei" and "Beiwei". Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, made Nanjing his capital, where he held the provincial examinations and the general examinations.

During the Yongle period, after the capital was moved to Beijing, it was still used as a provincial examination center in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty alone, 112 subjects were held in the scientific examination. Among them, 49 Jiangsu nationals and 9 Anhui nationals won the top prize in the Jiangnan Gongyuan Township Examination. Later, 49 Jiangsu nationals and 9 Anhui nationals won the top prize, totaling 58, accounting for the total number of top picks in the country. 51.78%.

Celebrities from the Ming and Qing dynasties such as Tang Bohu, Zheng Banqiao, Wu Jingzi, Shi Naian, Weng Tonghe, Zhang Qian and Chen Duxiu all came from here. There are still a number of precious cultural relics and valuable historical materials left over from the original Jiangnan Gongyuan in the exhibition hall. There are eight rows of east and west dormitories and forty rooms. The eastern dormitory is the place where the "Simulated Jiangnan Rural Examination" is held. Chinese and foreign tourists can wear ancient costumes and enter the hall. Give up and answer the test questions, feel the bitterness of the imperial examination and the joy of passing the exam.

The exhibition hall also displays more than 100 imperial examination cultural relics and pictures, and the video room plays TV films such as the imperial examination procedures. Now, the Jiangnan Gongyuan Historical Exhibition Hall has become a place for studying China’s imperial examination system. It is an institution that collects imperial examination cultural relics and historical materials and is highly praised by people at home and abroad.

After reconstruction, the "Jiangnan Gongyuan Historical Exhibition Hall" still retains important historical monuments such as "Mingyuan Tower" and "Gongyuan Stele". "Mingyuan Building" has three floors. This building is the center of Jiangnan Gongyuan and the tallest building.

The word "mingyuan" is taken from the word "university", which means "carefully pursue the distance, and the bright will return to you." The patriot Lin Zexu also invented the invention when he was in charge of the construction of Jiangnan Gongyuan. The signal cannon and signal light system effectively ensured the order of the examination. On both sides of the Mingyuan Building are the Stele Gallery, which displays provincial cultural relics. There are more than 20 inscriptions on the Gongyuan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They are inscribed with the history of the Jiangnan Gongyuan and are historical witnesses of the rise and fall of the Gongyuan.

Wu Jingzi (1701-1754), also known as Minxuan and Limin. In his later years, he was also known as Wenmu Laoren and Qinhuai Yuke. He was a great satirist in my country.

In the eleventh year of Yongzheng (1733), 33-year-old Wu Jingzi left his hometown Quan.

5. Introduction to Nanjing Confucius Temple

Nanjing Confucius Temple Confucius Temple is a temple dedicated to and worships Confucius, a famous thinker and educator in ancient my country.

It is famous at home and abroad as a scenic spot in the ancient city of Nanjing Qinhuai, and is a tourist attraction that domestic and foreign tourists yearn for. Confucius Temple was built in the first year of Jingyou (1034) and was expanded from the Academy of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

This group of large-scale ancient buildings with oriental architectural characteristics has gone through many vicissitudes of life. After being rebuilt in the eighth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1869), it was destroyed again when the Japanese invaded. After liberation, the Party and People's Government attached great importance to the protection of historical cultural relics and listed them as municipal-level cultural relics protection units.

The city government has allocated funds year after year and carefully maintained it, making it a landmark building along the Qinhuai River. The architecture of Confucius Temple is full of Ming and Qing colors.

It is centered on Dacheng Hall and forms a central axis from Zhaobi to Weishan in the north and south. The buildings on the left and right are arranged symmetrically, covering an area of ??about 26,300 square meters. It is surrounded by high walls with gates and turrets.

The screen wall on the south bank of the Qinhuai River was built in the third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1575). It is tall and majestic, with a total length of 110 meters, and is the longest screen wall in the country. What is significantly different from Confucius temples across the country is that it uses the Qinhuai natural river as its Panchi.

The stone fence on the north bank of the pool was built in the ninth year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1514). The first door of the temple is the Lingxing Gate, which is a stone structure with six pillars and three doors. It has a beautiful shape and is decorated with peony relief patterns.

Entering Lingxing Gate, you will face Dacheng Gate. Confucius did a great work on ancient Chinese culture, so this school is called "Dacheng".

There are stone lions standing in front of the door, and there are angled doors on the left and right of the door. There are four ancient steles on both sides of the door: "The Stele of Confucius Asking for Rituals", which is said to be a relic of the second year of Yongming in the Southern Dynasty (484); It was carved; the "Stele of Conferring the Holy Lady" was carved in the second year of Yuan Zhishun (1331); the "Stele of Conferring Four Clan" was carved in the second year of Yuan Zhishun (1331).

Inside the Dacheng Gate is the central temple courtyard. There are eight ginkgo trees planted in the courtyard, and ancient lanterns are symmetrical. A straight stone corridor in the middle leads to the Danchi in front of the Dacheng Hall. This Danchi was used to worship Confucius. In the center of the place where music and dance are held, a bronze statue of Confucius is erected. It is 4.18 meters high and weighs 2,500 kilograms. It is the largest bronze statue of Confucius in the country. On both sides of the stone steps, there are white marble statues of twelve sages such as Yan Hui and Zi Lu, Confucius's disciples, each 1.80 meters high.

The majestic and solemn Dacheng Hall has double eaves, staggered brackets, double regular script and beads in the dragon's kiss ridge, and three golden characters "Dacheng Hall" on a sea blue vertical plaque in the double eaves. It's Ji Pengfei's handwriting. Dacheng Hall is the main hall of Confucius Temple, 16.22 meters high, 28.1 meters wide and 21.7 meters deep.

In the middle of the hall hangs the largest portrait of Confucius in the country, 6.50 meters high and 3.15 meters wide. Fifteen kinds of ancient Confucius-sacrifice instruments, including imitations of chimes and chimes from 2,500 years ago, are displayed in the hall. Ancient music and elegant music are performed regularly, and large-scale Ming Dynasty music and dances that reflect the etiquette of worshiping Confucius in the Ming Dynasty are performed, allowing the audience to hear the " "The music of bells and drums" and "the sound of harp and harp" show the style of ancient music more than 2,000 years ago.

Surrounding the main hall are murals depicting the achievements of Confucius, both in form and spirit. The temple is surrounded by two verandas and stele corridors. The walls are inlaid with thirty pieces of authentic calligraphy inscriptions written by famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi, Shen Peng, and Wu Zhongqi.

In the Stele Corridor, there is an exhibition of Yuhua Stone, which is known as "one of the best in China". Dacheng Hall also often organizes other historical relics and artwork exhibitions to promote the long culture of the Chinese nation.

This is not only a historical relic building, but also a museum that reflects Nanjing’s local customs and promotes national culture. Since its reconstruction in 1984, it has received more than 600,000 tourists.

Here, there is the Jinling Lantern Festival in spring; the folk culture temple fair and the "Qinhuai Summer" summer party; and the food festival, cultural festival, Confucius worship activities and chrysanthemum exhibition in autumn. As the central attraction of the Qinhuai Scenic Belt, the ancient Dacheng Hall of Confucius Temple is welcoming visitors from all directions with a brand-new look and first-class services. As the core scenic spot of Confucius Temple, the majestic and glorious Dacheng Hall is a place where famous thinkers and educators in ancient my country are enshrined and worshiped. The Temple of Confucius is named after Confucius' comprehensive contribution to ancient Chinese culture. It is laid out with a temple in front and a palace behind it.

An ancient lion stands in front of the door, and there are corner doors on the left and right of the door. In the feudal era, only officials could enter and exit through the gate, while ordinary scholars could only enter and exit from the side.

Upon entering the door, you will see a white marble lying stele. On the front is "Nanjing Confucius Temple" inscribed by a famous ancient calligrapher. On the north side, there is a detailed record of the reconstruction of the Confucius Temple. Entering the central temple, a straight stone corridor in the middle leads to the Tanchi in front of the Dacheng Hall. In the middle of the Tanchi is a bronze statue of Confucius, 4.18 meters high and weighing 2.5 tons. It is the largest bronze statue of Confucius in the country.

On both sides of Yongtong, 1.8-meter-high white marble statues of eight sages of Confucius’ disciples stand in separate classes. The temple is surrounded by two verandahs and stele corridors. The walls are inlaid with 30 authentic calligraphy inscriptions by famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi, and Wuzhongqi. In the stele corridor, there is an exhibition of Yuhua Stone, a specialty of Nanjing, which is known as "one of the best in China". , colorful and exquisite.

The majestic main hall of Dacheng Hall is 16.22 meters high, 28.1 meters wide and 21.7 meters deep, with flying double eaves and interlaced brackets. The largest portrait of Confucius in the country hangs in the middle of the hall, 6.5 meters high and 3.15 meters wide. On both sides are white marble statues of Siya saints Hui, Zeng Shen, Kong still and Meng Ke. 38 paintings reflecting Confucius' life and deeds are displayed on the surrounding walls. Huge colorful stone inlaid mural.

Walk out of the back door of Dacheng Hall and enter the visiting area of ??the Academy. The Academy was the highest institution for students in the province during the imperial examination era. In order for the scholars to receive education and gradually learn to follow the ways of the sages and sages, the Academy was always built together with the Confucius Temple.

As the ancient cultural and educational center of Jiangsu, the Xuegong is located behind Dacheng Hall, with Mingde Hall and Zunjing Pavilion as its main bodies. The "No. 1 Study in the Southeast" door plaque was inscribed by Qin, the number one scholar in the late Qing Dynasty.

6. What is the history and culture of Confucius Temple?

The Qinhuai River is the origin of ancient Nanjing culture, and the inner Qinhuai River is 4 in length from Dongshuitou to Xishuiguan.

The 2-kilometer stretch along both sides of the river has been a place where prominent families have gathered since the Six Dynasties. Merchants and literati gathered together, and Confucianism flourished. It is known as the "Golden Powder of the Six Dynasties". The Confucius Temple, located on the bank of the Qinhuai River in Nanjing, was first built in the third year of Xiankang (337) by Sima Yan, Emperor Cheng of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. According to Wang Dao's proposal that "ruling the country should focus on cultivating talents", the Imperial Academy was established on the south bank of the Qinhuai River.

At that time, there was only a school palace and no Confucius Temple was built. [5] The Confucius Temple was expanded from the Academy of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the first year of Jingyou (1034), the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty.

Because it is dedicated to Confucius, it is also called Confucius Temple. The purpose of building the Confucius Temple in front of the academy was to hope that scholars would follow the ways of the sages and sages and accept feudal education.

From the Six Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the prosperous scene and unique style of Qinhuai have been praised by literati of all ages. Confucius Temple is located on the north bank of the Qinhuai River. It was originally a place dedicated to Confucius. It was built in the first year of Jingyou (1034) in the Song Dynasty and was expanded from the former site of the Academy of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

[6] It was destroyed by war during the Jianyan period of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the ninth year of Shaoxing (1139), it was rebuilt and called Jiankang Fuxue.

In the Yuan Dynasty, it was changed to Jiqing Road School. In the early Ming Dynasty, it was called Guozixue, which merged Shangyuan and Jiangning County schools, and later became Yingtianfu school.

In the Qing Dynasty, the government school was moved to the former site of Ming Imperial Academy in the north of the city, and it became the county school of Jiangning and Shangyuan counties. Overview of Confucius Temple Square Overview of Confucius Temple Square In the early Qing Dynasty, the Fuzi School was moved to the former Imperial College, and the original place of Confucius Temple was changed to the county school in Shangyuan and Jiangning counties.

It was destroyed again by war during the Xianfeng period and rebuilt in the eighth year of Tongzhi (1869). In 1937, it was burned down by the Japanese army during the Anti-Japanese War and was seriously damaged.

In 1984, in order to protect the cultural heritage of the ancient capital, the Municipal and District People's Government allocated special funds several times after scientific demonstration and planning by relevant experts, and it took several years of careful maintenance and reconstruction. It starts from Taoye Ferry in the east and reaches Zhonghua Gate in the west.

On both sides of the 8-kilometer Qinhuai River, a number of cultural relics and tourist attractions have been restored and constructed. River halls, river houses, singing houses, dance pavilions, and pavilions with local traditional characteristics have also been built. There are many bookstores, snack bars, teahouses and restaurants in the commercial street, and the "Qinhuai Painted Boat" that has been extinct for many years has been restored on the river. [7] In 1985, the ancient building complex of Confucius Temple was restored, and the surrounding teahouses, restaurants, shops and other buildings were also renovated into Ming and Qing styles. The Confucius Temple building complex is composed of Confucius Temple, Academy, and Jiangnan Gongyuan. It is the essence of Qinhuai scenery. .

The Gongyuan Street area near the river is an antique tourist, cultural and commercial street. At the same time, the East Market and West Market were rebuilt according to the pattern of temple fairs formed in history.

Traditional food and snacks served here.

Every year from the first day to the eighteenth day of the first lunar month, the Confucius Temple Lantern Festival is held. After more than ten years of hard work, more than 1 billion have been invested to restore and build more than 20 places, including Dacheng Hall, Mingde Hall, Zunjing Pavilion, Jiangnan Gongyuan, Wuyi Lane, Wang Xie Ancient Residence, and Wu Jingzi’s former residence, and more than 300,000 yuan. Square meters of ancient buildings, pavilions, platforms, buildings, pavilions and halls are scattered in an orderly manner, reproducing the style of Jiangnan streets in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the landscape of ancient Qinhuai River halls and river houses. The culture of the Six Dynasties, Ming and Qing Dynasties has been further excavated and displayed.

It has formed a number of distinctive market groups such as small commodities, antiques, calligraphy and painting, flowers, birds, fish and insects, etc., and has become one of the commercial centers of Nanjing. In 1991, it was rated as one of the "Top 40 National Tourist Attractions" and has become a famous tourist attraction, cultural corridor, food center and shopping paradise at home and abroad.

7. Who can tell me the history of Jiangnan Gongyuan of Confucius Temple?

Jiangnan Gongyuan is located on the Qinhuai River in the south of Nanjing, adjacent to Confucius Temple. It is the largest imperial examination room in ancient China.

History Jiangnan Gongyuan was built in the fourth year of Emperor Xiaozong’s reign in the Southern Song Dynasty (1168 AD). Nanjing was established as the capital in the Ming Dynasty, and was the venue for provincial examinations and national examinations in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. After the capital was moved to Beijing, Nanjing became the remaining capital and remained the imperial examination venue.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Nanjing was the capital of Jiangnan Province, so the Gongyuan has always been named "Jiangnan Gongyuan". Jiangnan Gongyuan Gongyuan is surrounded by two layers of walls, covered with thorns to prevent cheating. Therefore, the world also calls Gongyuan "thorn wall".

Jiangnan Gongyuan once occupied an area of ??about 300,000 square meters, starting from Yaojia Lane in the east, Gongyuan West Street in the west, Qinhuai River in the south, and Jiankang Road in the north. It was one of the main building complexes in the Confucius Temple area. First, the banks of the Qinhuai River also prospered for a time due to the existence of Gongyuan and Confucius Temple. In the end, there was only a building with a courtyard-style structure left, which was used only as a museum to display the prosperity of the time. There is a model of the grand building that can feel the grandeur of Gongyuan in its heyday.

Celebrities from the Ming and Qing dynasties such as Tang Bohu, Zheng Banqiao, Wu Jingzi, Shi Naian, Weng Tonghe, Li Hongzhang, and China's last number one scholar Zhang Qian all came from this place. During the Qing Dynasty, 112 subjects were held in the scientific examination. Among them, 49 were from Jiangsu, 9 were from Anhui, and 58 were from Jiangsu, accounting for the total number of top scorers in the country. 51.

78%. Jiangnan Gongyuan is located in the southeast corner of Nanjing City. It borders Taoye Ferry to the east, Qinhuai River to the south, Zhuangyuan Realm to the west, and Jiankang Road to the north. It is an ancient "Feng Shui Treasure Land".

According to "Nan Chuang Ji Tan": Jiankang (Nanjing) Gongyuan was built in the fourth year of Emperor Xiaozong's reign in the Southern Song Dynasty (1168). It was founded by the prefect Shi Zhengzhi. It was originally a county school examination place. The area is not large and the number of candidates is not large.

If the number of candidates increases, the monastery will be used to hold the exam. In 1368 AD, after Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty established Nanjing as his capital, the rural examinations and joint examinations were held in Nanjing.

In the 19th year of Yongle (1421), Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Di moved the capital to Beijing, but Nanjing remained the capital. Due to the gathering of humanities in the Jiangnan area and the increasing number of scholars, the original examination room became increasingly small.

Emperor Yongle confiscated the residence of his criminal minister Ji Gang, and also took the houses of Chen Tong, the family member of Chen Bin, the commander of the Huailai Guards, Hou Qing, the family member of Uncle Zhongyong, and the Yongyuan Temple of Huang Gong, the governor, and Bei, the son of Qin Hui. Xi Temple and others were rebuilt into "Jiangnan Gongyuan". After continuous expansion in the Ming and Qing dynasties, by the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Jiangnan Gongyuan had formed a building with 20,644 examination rooms, as well as chief examiners, supervisors, supervisors, inspections, and fellow examiners. There are more than a thousand official rooms for promoted deacons and other officials, plus rooms for catering, warehouses, handymen, guards, etc., as well as land for pools, gardens, bridges, passages, and watchtowers. The scale is large and the area is vast. The number of test centers is the highest in the country.