Why are some places on the earth very hot and some places very cold?

1. Climatic characteristics and their causes in Asia

Features: (1) The zonality is complete and the types are diverse (10 species). There is no savanna climate and temperate maritime climate.

(2) The monsoon climate is typical and extensive. (East Asian monsoon, South Asian monsoon)

(3) The mainland is remarkable and the drought range is wide.

Origin: (1) Geographical location:

A. Latitude position:117 ˊ n ~ 77 43 ˊ n

B. Land and sea location: Eurasia faces the ocean in the east, the European continent in the west, the Indian Ocean in the south and the Arctic Ocean in the north.

(2) Contour and area:

The contour line is complete, and the area is huge (44 million square kilometers), which makes the land difference between coastal and inland areas and the land-sea position distributed in a strip shape. The central part (Lan Tu Plain) is controlled by continental air mass all the year round, and the climate is cold and dry.

(3) Terrain:

A Pamir-Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the center, and mountains extend in three directions (mountains play a barrier role).

West Asia: East-west mountain range, blocking the southern airflow from entering the inland.

East Asia: north-south trend, blocking the eastern airflow from going deep inland.

B the branches of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau-westerly belt (south and north) meet on the east side of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the west of the meeting point is the "dead water area", where the east wind is strong.

(4) Ocean current:

Kuroshio warm current (the eastern ocean of the mainland), tidal cold current (the northern part of the Japanese archipelago) and Indian Ocean monsoon drift (bringing abundant rainfall to Indochina Peninsula).

(5) Atmospheric circulation:

Atmospheric activity centers affecting Asia;

Winter: Mongolian high (Siberian high), Aleutian low;

Summer: India low pressure, Hawaii high pressure.

The air masses affecting Asia are: Pc (polar continental air mass), Pm (polar marine air mass), Tc (tropical continental air mass), Tm (tropical marine air mass), Ac (glacial continental air mass), Am (glacial marine air mass) and E (equatorial air mass).

2. Climate characteristics and causes in Africa

Features: (1) high temperature, known as the tropical continent;

(2) there is a large area of drought and little rain;

(3) The climate type is symmetrical between north and south.

Reason:

Geographical location:

Latitude: 37 21ˊ N, 34 51ˊ S.

Location of land and sea: Atlantic Ocean in the west, Mediterranean Sea in the north and Indian Ocean in the east. South faces Antarctica across the sea, and northeast faces Asia.

Terrain: The interior of the mainland is a plateau platform, which fluctuates gently, does not hinder the airflow, and the terrain does not destroy the latitude change of the climate, so the climate types are symmetrically distributed in the north and south.

Ocean current: Somali ocean current, actually a cold current, flows from low latitude to high latitude, which is a split current.

Atmospheric circulation: affected by pressure belt and wind belt.

3. European climate characteristics and causes

Features: (1) Temperate climate is absolutely dominant;

(2) Significant oceanography (no severe cold in winter and no intense heat in summer);

Origin: (1) Geographical location:

Latitude: 36 n ~ 71n, including subtropical zone, temperate zone and sub-frigid zone.

Land and sea location: located on the west side of Eurasia, facing the Atlantic Ocean, which can cooperate with the planetary wind belt and face the westerly circulation.

(2) Continental area and outline: 6,543,800 square kilometers. 654.38+0/3 is an island peninsula.

A. the area is not large, and the place is not far from the ocean;

B. It is wide in the south and narrow in the north, with large temperate zone and narrow cold zone;

C. The coastline is tortuous, the mainland is broken, and more bays go deep into the mainland.

(3) Terrain: The plain is the main terrain, with few plateaus and mountains. The trough-shaped topography (East Urals, North Scandinavia and South Alps) opening to the west is beneficial for the west wind to enter the inland, which is deeply influenced by the ocean airflow.

Ocean current: North Atlantic warm current

Atmospheric circulation:

Three pneumatic systems:

Azores is high (in tropical seas) B, Iceland is low C and Mongolia is high.

4. Climatic characteristics and their causes in North America

Features: (1) temperate continental climate is dominant. Temperature: It is hot in Leng Xia in winter, with a large temperature difference throughout the year. Precipitation: moderate, concentrated in summer. (2) Various types, but not typical (* * * with 1 1 species). Lack of tropical rain forest climate.

(3) The distribution structure of climate types is unique (the climate types in the central part change along the longitude and the coastal areas in the west change along the latitude).

Origin: (1) Geographical location:

Latitude: 7° N ~ 72° N The Tropic of Cancer passes through its south, the Arctic Circle passes through its north, and the equator does not pass through North America, so there is no tropical rain forest climate.

Location of land and sea: Between the three oceans, there is the Pacific Ocean in the west, the Atlantic Ocean in the east and the Arctic Ocean in the north.

(2) Continental area and outline: 24.228 million square kilometers.

It is wide in the north and narrow in the south (especially narrower in the south of 30 N, shrinking into an isthmus zone)

(3) Terrain:

The Cordillera Mountains in the west make the climate in North America form two different pressure systems: the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean.

Pacific coast: high in northern Hawaii and low in southern Aleutian.

Atlantic coast: low in northern Iceland and high in southern Azores.

Central Plains: North-south vertical, which is conducive to the flow of air mass between north and south, and makes the climate variability obvious. There are frequent frontal cyclones, especially in winter, and the weather changes greatly, which makes the United States have more disaster weather.

In the midwest of the United States, because of the flat terrain, the cold air from the north invades the south and merges with the warm and humid airflow from the south, which is easy to form a tornado.

(4) Ocean current:

Pacific coast: California cold current (south of latitude 40), Alaska warm current (north of latitude 40).

Atlantic coast: Gulf of Mexico warm current (south of 35 N), Labrador cold current (north of 40 N)

West Greenland warm current (northbound), East Greenland cold current (southbound)

(5) Atmospheric circulation:

The subtropical high is divided into two parts, the Pacific coast and the Atlantic coast.

Pacific coast: the climate zone is distributed in a strip shape, and the wind zone moves north and south, which makes the monsoon direction change in winter and summer.

East of Rocky Mountain: Activity Center: Iceland Low (strong in winter and weak in summer, located in the south)

Azores high (weak in winter and strong in summer, located in the north)

The eastern side of Rocky Mountain is easily affected by foehn in winter.

West Indies and Central American Isthmus: Affected by topography, the northeast wind prevails all the year round.

5. Climatic characteristics and causes in South America

Features: (1) warm and humid continent (no severe cold in winter and no heat in summer)

(2) Tropical climate type is dominant.

(3) The climate type is unique in structure (the difference between east and west is obvious, similar to that in North America)

Reason: (1) Location:

Latitude: 56 degrees south latitude to 0/2 degrees north latitude/kloc.

Location of land and sea: the Pacific Ocean in the west, the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Caribbean Sea in the north and the Isthmus of China and the United States in the northwest.

(2) Contour of the continent:

It is wide in the north and narrow in the south, and shrinks to the peninsula in the south of 40 s. The tropical area accounts for a large amount of warp weight, most of which is in the range of10n ~ 30 s..

The coastline is straight (more tortuous than Africa), with fewer coastal bays and fewer peninsulas. The only bay that goes deep into the mainland is maracaibo Bay in the northwest.

(3) Terrain:

A. The Andes are distributed in the west of South America, running through the north and south, blocking the east-west airflow (including the northeast and southeast trade winds) and acting as a barrier. The precipitation on windward slope and leeward slope is obviously different.

B Plateau and plain are distributed in the east, and the terrain is low, so the airflow can directly enter the mainland.

(4) Atmospheric circulation:

There is a semi-permanent subtropical high center on the east and west sides of the mainland.

North: Near the equator, affected by equatorial depression.

The south is influenced by westerly circulation all the year round.

(5) Ocean current: Brazil warm current in the east and Peru cold current in the west.

6. Climate characteristics and causes in Australia.

Features: (1) The climate distribution is semi-circular, with the opening to the west.

(2) The drought-affected area is large.

(3) The precipitation is semi-circular.

(4) generally warm

Reason:

Latitude position and continental contour:

Contour: narrow from north to south and wide from east to west.

Land and sea location: the Indian Ocean in the west and the Pacific Ocean in the east.

Terrain: The mountainous area is located in the eastern coast, and there are no tall mountains in the central and western regions, which are not affected by the blocking effect of large terrain, and the climate zone is distributed in latitudinal direction. The watershed in the east has a blocking effect on the warm and humid air flow in the Pacific Ocean, which prevents the air flow from going inland to the west, and there is more precipitation on the eastern slope of the mountain.

Ocean current: the eastern part is affected by the East Australian Warm Current, which warms up and humidifies; Affected by the cold current in Western Australia, the temperature and humidity decreased.

Atmospheric circulation:

The high pressure passes through the middle of the continent, making the pressure belt control the continent. Controlled by the downward airflow of subtropical high, the climate in Australia is dry and hot.

The southeast trade wind comes from the South Pacific, and the airflow is warm and humid.

7. Climatic characteristics and causes of Antarctica.

Features: The ice field has a cold climate, high wind speed and annual average temperature.

Reason: high latitude and high terrain.

8. Why is the Asian monsoon climate the most obvious?

Reason: It is mainly influenced by the distribution of land and sea. Located between Asia and Europe, it is the largest continent, the largest ocean and the Pacific Ocean in the world, and the difference in thermal characteristics between land and ocean is particularly significant.

Performance: East Asia: southeast monsoon blows in summer, northwest monsoon blows in winter, and rain and heat are in the same period; South Asia: southwest monsoon in summer, northeast monsoon in winter, and obvious in dry and wet seasons.

9. Why does Asia have tropical and temperate monsoon climate, while other continents don't?

The reason why there is a tropical monsoon climate in Asia: South Asia is affected by the difference of thermal properties between land and sea, and the northeast monsoon blows. In summer, due to the seasonal movement of the pressure belt and the wind belt, the southeast trade winds are deflected to the southwest monsoon after crossing the equator, and the wind blows from the Indian Ocean to South Asia, bringing precipitation. On other continents, this latitude area is in the upwind area of the trade wind zone, and the land and sea area are small, so it is impossible to form a tropical monsoon.

The reason why only Asia has a temperate monsoon climate: Asia is located between the largest continent and the largest ocean, with obvious differences in thermal properties between land and sea, and the influence of summer monsoon can be extended to higher latitudes, while other continents have little differences in thermal properties between land and sea, so only Asia has a temperate monsoon climate.

10. How does the global monsoon climate change?

Subtropical and temperate monsoon climate in the northern hemisphere: southeast monsoon blows in summer and northwest monsoon blows in winter; Tropical monsoon climate, southwest monsoon in summer and northeast monsoon in winter. Monsoon climate in the southern hemisphere: northerly winds in summer and southerly winds in winter.

1 1. The genesis of thar desert.

The formation of thar desert is related to the summer monsoon.

(1) A thermal depression formed in thar desert in summer, but it was controlled by the upper subtropical high, and the downward airflow prevailed, resulting in the superposition of high and low pressure, which prevented the low pressure airflow from rising further and caused rainfall.

(2) The southwest airflow blows from Arabia and Africa, which is relatively dry.

12. The Sahara Desert crosses Africa from east to west and extends to the seaside.

Affected by subtropical high, trade winds and tropical continental air masses all the year round, the west side is cooled and humidified by canary cold current, and the east side is the Red Sea, but due to the small water body, dry climate and scarce precipitation.

13. the origin of the Sahara desert

(1) The Atlantic coast is affected by the canary cold current, which affects the coast from north to south, and the atmosphere is stable.

(2) The Mediterranean Sea is affected by the relative air pressure, which is relatively low in winter, and the air pressure converges here. The tropical continental air mass affects the Mediterranean, which is relatively high in summer and has a strong downward flow, which makes the airflow along the Mediterranean coast sink and deepens the dryness of the Sahara desert climate.

(3) The Red Sea is a narrow water body, the northeast is an Arabian desert area, and the northeast trade winds blow dry air, which is located in a subtropical sea area with high temperature and high salinity and stable atmosphere.

(4) The subtropical high in the south can reach18 N 。

The origin of namib desert.

Affected by subtropical high and southeast wind all the year round, the air is dry; There is the influence of Benguela cold current along the coast, which reduces the temperature and humidity.

15. the origin of Atacama desert and its northward extension to the equator

Because the cold current passes through the coast and becomes a cold source near the ground, the atmospheric inversion phenomenon occurs near the sea surface, which leads to the inability of the atmosphere to rise continuously and forms a foggy desert area along the tropical coast.

16. Origin of Taklimakan Desert

Because it is located inland, this area is not affected by the summer monsoon in the monsoon circulation on the east coast of the mainland, nor by the westerly wind in the three-circle circulation on the west coast of the mainland, and the precipitation is scarce, forming a temperate inland desert area.

17. The reason why namib desert did not extend to the east coast.

(1) Due to the blocking of the topography of the South African Plateau, the dry-hot airflow cannot affect the east coast. (2) There is a warm current along the east coast, which brings abundant water vapor.

18. Causes of tropical desert climate on both sides of the Red Sea

The two banks are close to the Tropic of Cancer, controlled by subtropical high and northeast trade winds all the year round, with strong evaporation, high temperature and drought, and the narrow water surface of the Red Sea cannot bring precipitation to the two banks.

19. the cause of California desert

Affected by subtropical high and California cold current.

20. Why did the midwest of Australia become a desert climate?

Affected by subtropical high, trade winds and cold current in eastern Australia.

2 1. The causes of the rain forest climate in Congo basin and the reasons why it did not extend to the east coast

Located between 10 and 10 north latitude, it is affected by the equatorial low pressure belt all the year round, where updraft prevails and it is hot and rainy all the year round.

Because the east of (1) is a high-lying East African Plateau, the airflow from the Gulf of Guinea and the southeast trade wind of the Indian Ocean have precipitation along the coast, but it is difficult to enter the East African Plateau.

(2) The southwest airflow is shallow, and it is thin when entering the East African Plateau, with less precipitation. The East African Plateau has a savanna climate.

(3) The wind movement of the pressure belt is18 N in north summer and south winter, and moves south in north winter and south in summer. It takes a short time to pass through the East African Plateau, resulting in less precipitation.

22. The reasons for the formation of the world's largest tropical rain forest climate zone in the Amazon Plain.

Amazon plain is a vast and low-lying area, located near the equator in northern South America. Controlled by equatorial low pressure and trade winds all the year round, air convection is strong. It has plateaus and mountains in the north, west and south, and leads to the Atlantic Ocean in the east, with a warm current passing through the coast. The hot and humid air currents from the northeast and southeast seas gather inland and are lifted by the western mountains, so the Amazon Plain has become the largest tropical region in the world.

23. Causes of climate differences between the east and west coasts of Madagascar.

The east coast of Madagascar is located on the windward slope of the southeast trade wind belt, and the warm current of Madagascar passes by, so there is more rainfall, while the west coast is located on the leeward slope, and the wind blowing is mainly offshore, so there is less rainfall.

24. The causes of the rain forest climate in northeast Australia.

In summer, controlled by the equatorial low pressure belt, updraft prevails and precipitation is more; In winter, the northeast is influenced by the southeast wind, which blows from the ocean and is full of water vapor. The warm current from East Australia passes along the coast, which increases its water vapor content, so the climate in eastern Australia is tropical rainforest.

25. The causes of climate in plateau rain forest in southeastern Brazil.

Affected by the Brazilian warm current all the year round, it heats up and humidifies.

26. Compared with the Indian Peninsula at the same latitude, why is the Arabian Peninsula a desert and the Indian Peninsula a tropical monsoon climate?

The Arabian Peninsula is surrounded by the sea on three sides, and is controlled by the northeast trade wind belt and subtropical high pressure belt all the year round, and the tropical continental air mass prevails. The wind blows from the land to the Arabian Peninsula, with little water vapor content.

The Indian peninsula is surrounded by oceans on three sides. In summer, the wind belt of the pressure belt moves northward, and the southeast trade wind deflects to the southwest wind after crossing the equator. The wind blows from the North Indian Ocean to the Indian Peninsula, bringing abundant precipitation and forming the rainy season. In winter, the wind belt of the pressure belt moves southward, which makes the northeast monsoon prevail in the Indian Peninsula under the influence of the northeast trade wind belt. At this time, a cold high pressure formed in the Asian continent, and the air flow diverged around, affecting the Indian Peninsula, causing a decrease in precipitation and forming a dry season.

27. The equatorial region of East Africa has a savanna climate rather than a rainforest climate.

East Africa is an East African plateau with high terrain, so it is difficult for warm and humid water vapor along the coast to enter the East African plateau, forming a tropical grassland climate.

28. The northern part of the Gulf of Guinea in Africa has become a tropical rainforest climate.

Influenced by the warm current of Guinea, it is warm and humid.

29. The reason why the Mediterranean climate is most widely distributed along the Mediterranean coast is that it is distributed in smaller areas on other continents.

The coastal area of the Mediterranean lies to the west of the Mediterranean. In winter, affected by the westerlies, water vapor can enter the Mediterranean Sea, affecting coastal areas, while other areas are relatively small due to the topography.

30. The reasons for the great difference between the temperature difference between the north and the south and the precipitation in the northwest and southeast of Japan.

(1) Japan's terrain is long and narrow, and the terrain is complex, and the latitude between north and south is different, so the temperature difference between north and south is very large.

(2) The reason for the great difference in precipitation between northwest and southeast is that the monsoon climate in Japan is maritime. Japan's terrain is complex, mainly hills and mountains. Mountains and islands are arranged in the same direction, extending from north to south. In summer, the southeast is located on the windward slope of the southeast monsoon with more precipitation, and the northwest is located on the leeward side with less precipitation. The northwest in winter is located on the windward slope of the northwest monsoon in winter. After the northwest monsoon passes through the Sea of Japan, the water vapor content increases, which makes the northwest snow more in winter, while the southeast is on the leeward side, with less precipitation. But generally speaking, the precipitation in the northwest of Japan is less than that in the southeast.

3 1. The reasons for the huge climate difference between the north and the south of the Korean Peninsula

The Korean peninsula has a large span from north to south and a low latitude in south, and its coast is affected by the Japanese warm current, which belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate. The north is far away from the ocean, and the latitude is high, which is greatly influenced by the winter monsoon, so the winter temperature is low and belongs to the temperate monsoon climate.

32. Differences and reasons of wind direction in Java Island in winter and summer.

In summer, it is influenced by the southeast trade wind, which blows the southeast monsoon. In winter, the northeast trade wind crosses the equator and deflects into the northwest monsoon, which affects Java Island. Cause: the movement of pressure belt and wind belt and the influence of geostrophic deflection.

33. The temperate continental climate is the most widely distributed in Eurasia.

The Eurasian continent has the widest longitude range from east to west, and the terrain is complex. The water vapor in the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean is difficult to enter the mainland, and the precipitation is less. Most parts of Asia and Europe are in temperate zone, so the temperate continental climate in Asia and Europe is the most widely distributed.

34. The reasons for the formation of typical temperate continental climate in Mongolia and Kazakhstan are pointed out.

Mongolia and Kazakhstan are located in the inland of Eurasia, so the water vapor in the ocean is difficult to reach, and the annual precipitation is less, concentrated in summer. In winter, it is close to the Asian high-pressure cold center, with low temperature and high temperature in summer, so the climate in Leng Xia is hot in winter and the temperature changes greatly, forming a typical temperate continental climate.

35. The reason why the temperate continental climate in North America extends to the east coast.

Topography: The basic topography of North America consists of three parts: western mountains, middle and low plateau plains and eastern mountains.

The area is affected by continental air mass all the year round and has a dry climate.

Affected by topography, the cold central airflow in winter can affect the east coast of North America, and there is a Labrador cold current along the coast, which reduces the temperature and humidity and makes the winter cold and dry. In summer, because the continental area of North America and the Atlantic Ocean is smaller than that of Eurasia and the Pacific Ocean, the difference of thermal properties between land and sea is also small, and the influence of summer monsoon is weaker than that of Asia, which can not reach the northeast of North America, resulting in less summer precipitation, thus forming a temperate continental climate in North America.

36. Reasons for the formation of temperate continental climate along Iran's coast.

In winter, affected by the Asian high-pressure polar continental air mass, the wind blows from the land to the sea, which is cold and dry; Summer is influenced by the southwest monsoon, but by the Arabian Peninsula, the sea area that the monsoon passes through is too small to bring precipitation to the coastal areas, thus forming a temperate continental climate with large annual temperature difference and less precipitation.

37. Reasons for the formation of temperate continental climate in Iberian Peninsula.

The interior of Iberian Peninsula is Meseta Plateau, with mountainous north and south, which is basin-like plateau topography. In winter, due to the high terrain, the interior of the plateau becomes relatively high, and the warm and humid air flow from the Atlantic Ocean cannot enter the plateau, resulting in less precipitation and a temperate continental climate.

38. Causes of temperature change from northern Europe to eastern Siberia along 60 degrees north latitude.

The characteristics of temperature change from northern Europe along 60 degrees north latitude to eastern Siberia are: the farther to eastern Siberia, the greater the annual temperature difference.

Reason: Northern Europe is flat, located in the westerly belt, and its coast is affected by the North Atlantic warm current. The climate has maritime characteristics and the annual temperature difference is small. In the direction of East Siberia, the terrain it passes through includes Eastern Europe Plain, Ural Mountains, Western Siberia Plain, Central Siberia Plateau and Eastern Siberia Mountains, with a wide longitude range from east to west, and little influence from the ocean inside. Only the western part of the eastern European plain is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, and the climate is mild. Siberia is affected by the cold air flow in the polar regions. It is very cold in winter, very cold for a long time, and very short and warm in summer.

39. South China has become an "oasis" on the Tropic of Cancer.

The south of China lies between the largest continent, Eurasia, and the largest ocean and Pacific Ocean. Affected by the difference of thermal properties between land and sea, a strong southeast monsoon blows in summer, which blows warm and humid air from the ocean to the land and brings abundant precipitation, making the south of China an "oasis" on the tropic of cancer.

That's ... see for yourself. Don't scold me. ..

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