What is the climate like in the Sahara Desert?

The Sahara Desert, Sahara, means great desert in Arabic. Located in northern Africa, from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Nile River in the east, from the Atlas Mountains in the north to Sudan in the south, it runs 1,061 kilometers from north to south and 5,150 kilometers from east to west, covering an area of ??more than 9 million square kilometers. It is the largest desert in the world. South of the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea, north of the 14° north latitude line (250 mm isohyet), bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Red Sea to the east, spanning Western Sahara, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mauritania, and Mali , Niger, Chad, Sudan and other 11 countries.

Almost one-third of the entire African continent. Most people think of the Sahara as an area of ??rolling sand dunes, but in fact only about one-fifth of it is made of sand. The rest are exposed gravel plains, rocky plateaus, mountains and salt flats.

Introduction: It is part of the North African Platform. It is composed of Precambrian granite, gneiss, and quartzite. After long-term erosion, it has become a broad plateau with low undulating peneplain. The basement of the Tibesti Plateau in the eastern part of the Central Highlands is Precambrian metamorphic rock, overlain by several hundred meters of Paleozoic sandstone, which is widely covered by basalt from the Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic activities, with an average altitude of 2,500 meters. Above, there are a series of peaks over 3,000 meters above sea level. The highest peak, Mount Kusi, is 3,415 meters above sea level. The Qattara Depression in northwest Egypt is the lowest point and the lowest point in the entire continent, 133 meters below sea level. The base of the Ahagar Plateau in the western section is ancient crystalline rock, the core part is composed of volcanic rocks such as basalt and andesite, and the edge part is composed of Paleozoic sandstone. The altitude is more than 2,000 meters, and the highest peak, Tahat Mountain, is 2,918 meters above sea level. The narrow, high saddle-shaped section between the two divides the Sahara into northeastern and southwestern parts, with contrasting geology. The northeast is covered by horizontal sedimentary strata from the Cretaceous to the Tertiary, with the Cretaceous Nubian sandstone being the largest area; the Precambrian crystalline rock basement is widely exposed in the southwest, with thick sandstone from the Early Paleozoic in some places. There are dense radial wadi valleys around the Saddle Highlands, and there are many intermittent valleys in the vast flat area. The ups and downs of the earth's crust after the Paleozoic Era have caused the desert to present various landform types. The Great Desert consists of rocky desert, gravel desert, and sand desert. The higher areas in the central and eastern parts are mostly rocky deserts, which are composed of sandstone, limestone, chalk and basalt, or the rocks are exposed or only have thin layers of rock debris. There are Tingart Stone Desert, Hamra Stone Desert, Shafiya Stone Desert, Nubian Desert, etc. Gravel desert is located between rocky desert and desert, distributed in the piedmont alluvial fan zone, such as Tibesti Gravel Desert, Kalanshu Gravel Desert, Getuse Gravel Desert, etc. Except for a few higher mountains and plateaus, deserts are the most extensive, including the Libyan Desert, the Rabyan Desert, the Obari Desert, the Shesh Desert, the Juf Desert and the Algerian Desert. There are fixed and semi-fixed large and small dunes. Fixed dunes are mainly distributed in the south and Atlantic coast areas. From Libya to the west of Algeria is the quicksand area.

Population:

There are about 2 million people outside the Nile River Basin, mainly Berbers, Tubu and Tuareg of Arab descent.

Religion:

Islam

Climate:

The Sahara has a typical tropical desert climate, which is hot and dry, with the average annual temperature exceeding 30℃, the driest areas have annual rainfall of less than 25 mm, and some years there is no rain throughout the year. Where it rains, the rain evaporates into the atmosphere before it hits the ground. Large temperature differences are another major feature of the Saharan climate. In the hottest months, the temperature exceeds 50°C, the annual average temperature is above 25°C, and the average temperature in July is 35-37°C; in winter, the temperature drops below 0°C. Daily temperature changes also range from minus 0.5℃ to 37.5℃. The Sahara is windy, and hot, dust-laden winds are responsible for causing sandstorms. The Hamadan wind blows dry and hot most of the time, and the annual evaporation is very high, more than 2000 mm, and can reach a maximum of 4500-6000 mm. There is sufficient sunlight and the temperature varies greatly from year to year. The absolute maximum temperature in Aziziya, Libya, reaches 58°C, making it known as the hottest place in the world. Lots of sand and storms.