How to judge which climate type a geographical location belongs to?

Characteristics of temperate maritime climate;

1. It is warm in winter and cool in summer, and the temperature difference is small throughout the year: the closer to the ocean, the stronger the maritime climate. Especially in winter, because there is a warm current along the coast, the west wind blows from the warm current sea surface, and the airflow is warm and humid, so the temperature in winter is much warmer than that in the continental center and the eastern coast of the mainland at the same latitude. The lowest monthly average temperature is above 0℃. In summer, the water temperature of the warm current is still lower than that of the mainland, and the sea is much cooler than the land. The hottest month temperature affected by the west wind here is below 22℃. Because it is warm in winter and cool in summer here, the annual temperature difference is much smaller than that in other areas of the same latitude. 2. It rains all the year round, and it rains more in winter: there is abundant cyclone rainfall in this area, especially in winter, and there are many rainy days, but the precipitation intensity is not great. Winter precipitation accounts for a slightly larger proportion of the whole year, and there is no dry season throughout the year.

Characteristics of temperate continental climate: this climate zone is far away from the ocean, deep inland, surrounded by mountains and plateaus, and it is difficult for humid marine air to reach. Temperate continental air masses prevail all the year round, forming a temperate continental arid and semi-arid climate with hot summer and little rain in winter.

Characteristics of temperate monsoon climate;

Summer is hot and rainy, and winter is cold and dry. Rain and heat appear at the same time The annual precipitation is about 1000 mm, of which about two thirds is concentrated in summer. There are four distinct seasons throughout the year and the weather is changeable. With the increase of latitude, the amplitude of temperature in winter and summer increases correspondingly, while the precipitation decreases gradually.

Characteristics of subtropical monsoon and monsoon humid climate: the subtropical monsoon humid climate is distributed on the east coast of the mainland at 25 ~ 35 north latitude, and it is a zone where tropical marine air masses and polar continental air masses alternately control and compete with each other. 5438+ 10, the average temperature in June is generally above 0℃, and the average temperature in July is generally around 25℃, and the direction of Xia Feng changes obviously in winter. The annual precipitation is generally above 1000 mm, mainly in summer. This kind of climate is called subtropical monsoon climate in East Asia, and it is called subtropical monsoon humid climate in other areas because of more precipitation.

Subtropical monsoon humid climate and subtropical monsoon climate are mainly distributed in southeastern China, southeastern United States, southeastern Brazil and coastal areas of Argentina and Australia. Their most prominent feature is that the average temperature in Leng Yue is above zero in winter, and it is hot and rainy in summer (it is often said that rain and heat are in the same period), with four distinct seasons.

The difference between subtropical monsoon climate and subtropical monsoon humid climate: the monsoon nature of subtropical monsoon climate is more obvious than that of subtropical monsoon humid climate, because the thermal properties of land and ocean are more different in subtropical monsoon climate, so the seasonal changes of precipitation and temperature are greater than the latter. East Asia is located between Asia and Europe, the largest continent in the world, and the largest ocean Pacific Ocean in the world. The difference in thermal properties between land and sea is the most significant, and it belongs to a typical subtropical monsoon climate, which is distributed outside Asia. Because of the slight difference in thermal properties between land and sea, it belongs to a subtropical monsoon humid climate.

Subtropical marine and marine climate characteristics;

The main climatic characteristics of subtropical maritime climate are: warm in spring, hot in summer, cool in autumn and cold in winter, moderate annual rainfall and relatively uniform seasonal distribution. Generally speaking, the climate is mild and humid, with four distinct seasons.

Characteristics of maritime climate: the climate formed by the action of huge marine water bodies. Including the ocean surface or island and the climate of the offshore part of the mainland where the main airflow comes from the ocean. The maritime climate has the following characteristics: ① The annual and diurnal variations of temperature are very small, and even the diurnal variations are not observed on the ocean surface. The annual extreme value is generally 1 month later than that of Chinese mainland, such as February in Leng Yue and August in the warmest month. At high latitudes, Leng Yue may be in March and the hottest month may be in September. Autumn is warmer than spring. (2) The seasonal distribution of precipitation is relatively uniform, with more precipitation days but less intensity. There are many clouds and high humidity. (3) There are many tropical ocean storms, such as the southwest of the North Pacific and the South China Sea of China, where typhoons have a strong influence. Tropical storm (including typhoon) is a very important meteorological disaster. ④ Cloudy weather with high humidity. Most of the mainland areas near the ocean have maritime climate characteristics, and the coastal areas of western Europe are typical maritime climate areas on the mainland.

Mediterranean climate features: hot and dry in summer and mild and humid in winter. It is distributed on the west coast of the mainland between 30 and 40 degrees north latitude, such as the Pacific coast of California, the coast of Chile, the southern coast of Australia and Cape Town in southern Africa. The Mediterranean region is the most typical. The basic characteristics are: controlled by subtropical high in summer, the airflow sinks and there is little rain, and the summer precipitation only accounts for 20 ~ 40% of the annual precipitation; In winter, the subtropical high moves southward, with frequent cyclone activities and abundant precipitation in the westerlies. The rainfall in the most rainy month is more than three times that in the least rainy month, and the climate is mild and humid. The temperature is 5 ~ 10℃ in winter, 2 1 ~ 27℃ in summer, and the annual precipitation is about 350 ~ 900 mm. The natural vegetation is mainly drought-tolerant shrubs.

The characteristics of plateau mountain climate are as follows: ① With the increase of altitude, the air pressure decreases exponentially. ② The temperature decreases with the elevation. (3) Precipitation and precipitation days increase with the increase of altitude. ④ The wind speed increases with the elevation in mountainous areas. ⑤ In terms of humidity (water vapor pressure and relative humidity), the water pressure decreases with the elevation.

Characteristics of various climate types

1. The tropical rain forest climate is mainly distributed near the equator, such as Malay Archipelago, Amazon Plain, Congo Basin and Gulf of Guinea. It is characterized by high temperature and rain all year round, low temperature in annual range, average monthly temperature of 25-28℃, annual precipitation of over 2000 mm, and even distribution throughout the year.

2. The tropical grassland climate is mainly distributed in the north and south sides of the tropical rain forest climate zone, with a high annual average temperature, but the annual fluctuation temperature is slightly higher than that of the tropical rain forest climate, and the annual precipitation is mostly between 400- 1500mm, which is obvious in dry and wet seasons. The farther away from the equator, the longer the dry season, so the less precipitation.

3. The tropical monsoon climate is distributed in South Asia and Indochina Peninsula, characterized by high temperature all the year round, and the average temperature in Leng Yue is above 18℃. Precipitation is closely related to wind direction. The northeast wind from the mainland prevails in winter with little precipitation, and the southwest wind from the Indian Ocean prevails in summer with abundant precipitation. The annual precipitation in most areas is 1500-2000 mm, but some areas are far more than that.

4. Tropical desert climate is distributed in the mainland or the west coast of the mainland near the Tropic of Cancer, characterized by high annual average temperature, large annual temperature difference, large daily temperature difference and scarce precipitation. The annual precipitation is generally below 250 mm, and in many areas it is only tens or even several millimeters. Precipitation has great variability, and it often doesn't rain for several years.

5. The subtropical monsoon climate is distributed in the subtropical area on the east coast of the mainland, where it is not cold in winter, and the average temperature in 65438+ 10 is generally above 0℃, and it is hot in summer, and the average temperature in July is generally around 25℃. In winter, the direction of Xia Feng changes obviously, and the annual precipitation is generally above 1000 mm, mainly concentrated in summer and less in winter. This climate is most typical in the southeast of China. In other areas, because there is a considerable amount of precipitation in winter, there is little difference between winter and summer, so it is called subtropical monsoon humid climate.

6. The Mediterranean climate is distributed in the subtropical area on the west coast of the mainland, and the Mediterranean coastal area is the most typical, hence the name. This climate is characterized by mild winter and hot or warm summer, and precipitation is mainly concentrated in winter and dry summer, so it is also called subtropical dry summer climate.

7. The temperate maritime climate is distributed in the temperate zone on the west coast of the mainland, which is characterized by being neither cold in winter (the average temperature in 5438+ 10 is above 0℃) nor hot in summer (the average temperature in July is below 22℃). There is precipitation all year round, the annual precipitation is generally around 1000 mm, and the favorable terrain can reach more than 2000 mm.

8. The temperate monsoon climate is distributed in the eastern Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River, North Korea and Japan, and the eastern coastal areas of Siberia. It is characterized by hot summer and cold winter, and the annual precipitation is 500- 1000 mm, mainly in summer. The temperature difference between winter and summer increases from south to north, and the precipitation decreases from south to north.

9. The temperate continental climate is distributed in Eurasia and North America. Controlled by the continental air mass all the year round, Leng Xia is hot in winter, with high annual temperature and little precipitation, with annual precipitation below 500 mm, forming a dry or semi-arid climate in the central part of the mainland. On the other hand, the northern part of the mainland is characterized by high latitude, long cold winters, short cool summers and small evaporation. Although there is little precipitation, it is not dry, forming a special sub-frigid coniferous forest climate.

10. The polar climate is distributed in Eurasia and the northern edge of North America, Greenland, Arctic Islands and Antarctica. On the continental margin, winter is long and cold, but the average temperature in the hottest month in summer can reach 10℃. Moss and lichen are typical plants here, so they are also called tundra climate. Greenland, the Arctic Islands and most parts of Antarctica are covered with ice and snow all year round, and the average temperature in the hottest month does not exceed 0℃, so it is called ice field climate.

1 1. Alpine climate may appear at any latitude, which is characterized by vertical changes in temperature and precipitation. The temperature decreases with the increase of height, and the precipitation increases with the increase of height within a certain height range, and decreases with the increase of height beyond this height.